Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci unazo ezi mpawu zingaqhelekanga zomkhuhlane? Masifunde ngeSifo sikaKawasaki!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko engaqhelekanga, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha imbi kakhulu, enokuchaphazela abantwana abancinci, ingakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ibizwa ngokuba yiKawasaki Disease. Abanye abazali banokoyika kancinci xa besiva eli gama, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukuba unolwazi olufanelekileyo kwaye ufumana unyango ngexesha, uninzi lwexesha umntwana wakho unokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo.

Yintoni isifo sikaKawasaki?

Ngamafutshane, isifo sikaKawasaki kukudumba kwemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu. Oogqirha bakwabiza oku ngokuthi "iVasculitis". Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni xa umthambo wegazi uvuvukala? Unokuba buthathaka, woluleke, kwaye uvuvuke njengebhaluni. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, zinokuqhuma. Ngamanye amaxesha, oku kudumba kunokubangela amanxeba ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, kunciphise imithambo yegazi. Emva koko, iindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye namalungu omzimba awafumani gazi laneleyo, oko kukuthi, isondlo. Isifo sikaKawasaki sidla ngokuchaphazela abantwana abancinci abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 kunye neminyaka emi-5 ubudala . Nangona sinokuchaphazela nayiphi na imithambo yegazi emzimbeni, kufuneka sikhathazeke kakhulu ngemithambo yegazi ephambili ehambisa igazi entliziyweni, "imithambo yeCoronary" . Kuba ukuba le mithambo yegazi yonakele, inokuchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kwentliziyo yomntwana. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ukuba isifo siqatshelwa ngexesha kwaye unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, uninzi lwabantwana luya kuphila ngokupheleleyo kwiinyanga ezimbini .

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Isifo sikaKawasaki sisifo esingaqhelekanga . Umzekelo, kumazwe afana ne-United States neKhanada, sichaphazela abantwana abaphakathi kwe-10 kunye nama-20 kwi-100,000 yabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe aseAsia afana neJapan, iKorea, neTaiwan, eli nani liphezulu kancinci. Apho, sichaphazela abantwana abaphakathi kwama-50 kunye nama-250 kwi-100,000. Nangona kunjalo, into ebalulekileyo kukuba kumazwe aphuhlileyo afana ne-United States neJapan, isifo sikaKawasaki sichongiwe njengesona sibangela siphambili sesifo sentliziyo ebantwaneni kwiminyaka yabo yamva nje . Oku kuthetha ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba sikuqaphele oku.

Zithini iimpawu zeSifo sikaKawasaki?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iimpawu ezinokubonisa ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo seKawasaki. Ufanele uzikhumbule nganye nganye.

• Umkhuhlane ohlala ubuncinane iintsuku ezintlanu . Olu luphawu oluphambili nolokuqala.
• Umntwana uhlala engonwabanga kwaye ekhala (Ukucaphuka) .
• Amehlo abomvu okanye apinki , kodwa akukho nto iphumayo emehlweni.
• Imilebe ebomvu, eqhekekileyo, ulwimi olubomvu olufana nestrawberry (`ulwimi lwestrawberry`) .
• Ukudumba kunye/okanye ukubomvu kwezandla neenyawo .
• Ukuxobula ulusu kwiminwe, ingakumbi ngeenxa zonke zeenzipho .
• Urhawuzelelo . Oku kubonakala kakhulu kwiindawo ezifana nesifuba nesisu. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubonakala nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezidumbileyo entanyeni . Inye okanye ezingaphezulu zisenokuba zidumbile.
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu , iintlungu zesisu, ukuhlanza , urhudo , njl.

Musa ukoyika isifo sikaKawasaki kuba nje unesinye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu. Kodwa ukuba unomkhuhlane kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwesihlanu kwaye unesinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezinye iimpawu ezikhankanyiweyo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko .

Yintoni ebangela isifo seKawasaki?

Isizathu esichanekileyo sesifo seKawasaki asaziwa . Oku kuthetha ukuba akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kutheni sisenzeka. Kodwa abaphandi bayaqhubeka nophando. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba usulelo , into engqongileyo , okanye utyekelo lwemfuza lunokuba yimbangela. Enye into kukuba esi sifo sidla ngokubonakala kakhulu ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo . Kodwa ayaziwa ukuba kutheni.

Ingaba esi sisifo esosulelayo?

Hayi. Isifo sikaKawasaki asisosifo esosulelayo . Asisasazeki ngolwelo lomzimba, ukubamba, okanye ukuthimla. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ixhala.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo seKawasaki?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo. Sibabiza ngokuba 'ngamaqela anobungozi'.

• Abafana bakhula kancinci kunamantombazana.
• Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala ngabona bachaphazeleka kakhulu.
• Abantwana bohlanga lwaseAsia okanye lwasePacific Islander banamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba isifo seKawasaki sinokukhula nakubantu abangenazo ezi zinto ziyingozi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zesifo sikaKawasaki?

Eyona nto iyingozi ngesifo sikaKawasaki ziingxaki ezinokubangela, ingakumbi ezo zinxulumene nentliziyo.

• Imithambo yentliziyo iyadumba, ibe buthathaka, ize ifane nebhaluni (ii-Aneurysms) . Le yeyona ngxaki iyingozi kakhulu. Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, kunokufuneka utyando olufana notyando lwe-coronary artery bypass.
• Amahlwili egazi ayenzeka ngaphakathi kwimithambo yentliziyo kwaye anciphe imithambo .
• Ukuqhambuka kwemithambo yentliziyo . Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa kuyingozi kakhulu.
• Iingxaki zevalvu yentliziyoEzi valve zilawula ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni.
• Ukudumba kwemisipha yentliziyo (`Myocarditis` okanye` Pericarditis` ) .
• I-Hepatitis .
• Ukudumba kwemiphunga (i-Pneumonitis) .
• Usulelo lwentliziyo .
• Ukudumba kwepancreas (` Pancreatitis` ) .
• Ukumelwa yintliziyo .
• Uhlaselo lwentliziyo . Nangona lunqabile kubantwana abancinci, oku kunokubangelwa sisifo sikaKawasaki.

Ezi ngxaki zinokuba yinto eyoyikisayo ukuva ngazo. Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwezi ngxaki zinokuthintelwa ukuba unyango luqalwe ngexesha .

Isifo sikaKawasaki sifunyanwa njani?

Oogqirha bagqiba ekubeni umntwana unesifo sikaKawasaki na ngokusekwe kwiimpawu zakhe kunye novavanyo lomzimba . Bakhangela iimpawu esizixubushile ngaphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha umntwana usenokungabonakalisi uluhlu olupheleleyo lweempawu zesifo sikaKawasaki. Basenokuba neempawu ezithile kuphela. Kwimeko enjalo, ibizwa ngokuba yi-"Atypical or Incomplete Kawasaki Disease." Ngaphambi kokuba benze uxilongo, oogqirha bakhangela nezinye izizathu ezinokubangela umkhuhlane, oko kukuthi, ezinye izifo. Bayazisusa zonke ezi zinto ngaphambi kokuqinisekisa isifo sikaKawasaki.

Zithini izigaba ezintathu zeSifo sikaKawasaki?

Isifo sikaKawasaki sidla ngokuhamba ngamanqanaba amathathu.

Inqanaba lokuqala (Inqanaba elibukhali)

• Iqala ngomkhuhlane ohlala iintsuku ezintlanu nangaphezulu .
• Zibangela amanxeba emzimbeni, ingakumbi esifubeni, esiswini, nasemqolo.
• Amehlo aba bomvu (iliso elipinki).
• Imilebe nolwimi luba bomvu, ulwimi lubonakale ngathi yistrawberry.
• Iintende zezandla kunye neenyawo ziba bomvu kwaye zidumbe.
• Amaqhuma entanyeni avuvukile.

Inqanaba lesiBini (Inqanaba leSubacute)

• Eli nqanaba liqala emva kokuba umkhuhlane uphelile .
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, ukuhlanza, kunye norhudo kunokwenzeka.
• Intlungu yamalungu kunye nentlungu yesisu zinokubakho.
• Ulusu olusezandleni nasezinyaweni luqala ukuxobuka , ingakumbi kwiinwebu zeminwe.

Inqanaba lesithathu (Inqanaba lokuPhila)

• Ngeli xesha , iimpawu ziya zincipha kancinci kancinci .
• Nangona kunjalo, iingxaki zangaphambili (ingakumbi ezo zinxulumene nentliziyo) zisenokuqhubeka, ngoko oogqirha baya kuqhubeka bemjonga umntwana ngokusondeleyo ngeli xesha.

Kunzima ukwahlula la manqanaba ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha anokutshintshela kwelinye.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinceda ekuxilongweni?

Isifo sikaKawasaki sisibonakaliso esithe ngqo sale nto,Akukho ``uvavanyo oluthile`` . Oko kukuthi, awunakuthatha nethontsi legazi uthi, 'Owu, le yiKawasaki.'' Nangona kunjalo, xa oogqirha bekrokrela isifo seKawasaki, benza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze basiqinisekise baze basuse ezinye iimeko.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi : Olu vavanyo lujonga iimpawu zokudumba, i-anemia, kunye nokusebenza kwesibindi.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo .
• I-Echocardiogram : Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu . Ngokufana ne-ultrasound scan yomntwana osesibelekweni, iyakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo imeko yentliziyo yomntwana kunye nemithambo yegazi yentliziyo, kunye nokuba kukho naziphi na ii-aneurysms. Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu.
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) : Oku kujonga ukusebenza kombane kwentliziyo yomntwana, oko kukuthi, indlela yokubetha kwentliziyo. Olu luvavanyo olungenabuhlungu.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-CT angiogram ( uvavanyo olusebenzisa i-X-ray kunye nekhompyutha) okanye i-MRA (Magnetic Resonance Angiogram) (uvavanyo olusebenzisa umatshini we-MRI) lunokwenziwa.

Oogqirha bagqiba kwelokuba umntwana unesifo sikaKawasaki ngokuthelekisa ulwazi olufunyenwe kwezi mvavanyo kunye neempawu zomntwana.

Isifo sikaKawasaki sinyangwa njani?

Kwakamsinya nje ukuba isifo sikaKawasaki sifunyenwe, unyango luqala ngokumfaka esibhedlele umntwana . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, njengoko oku kunokunciphisa umonakalo onokwenziwa entliziyweni. Unyango oluphambili olunikiweyo zezi:

• I-Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) : Eli liyeza elikhethekileyo elenziwe ngeeproteni ezifumaneka egazini lomntu. Lifakwa emthanjeni ofana ne-saline. Linciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni. Uninzi lwabantwana luyaphola ngale nto. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-10 kwi-100 yabantwana basenokungasabeli kakuhle kwidosi yokuqala ye-IVIG. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, idosi yesibini okanye amanye amayeza anokufuneka.
• I-Aspirin : Iidosi eziphezulu ze-aspirin zinikwa ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, ukunciphisa iintlungu, kunye nokuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi. Emva kokuba umkhuhlane uphelile, ukuba kukho umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi entliziyweni, i-aspirin iyaqhubeka ngedosi ephantsi ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
• Ulwelo lwe-IV : Gcina umntwana engomi amanzi emzimbeni.
• Amanye amayeza anciphisa iintlungu nokudumba .
• Ii-anticoagulants zabantwana abasengozini yokuqhekeka kwegazi .
• Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ii-steroids okanye amanye amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala anokunikwa.
• Ukusebenzisa ii-compress ezibandayo emzimbeni ngelaphu elifakwe emanzini abandayo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umkhuhlane.

Iinjongo eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Ukunciphisa ukudumba emzimbeni.
• Ukuthintela okanye ukunciphisa umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi, ingakumbi imithambo yentliziyo.
• Ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi ebantwaneni abaneengxaki zemithambo yentliziyo.
• Ukuthintela iingxaki ezinxulumene nentliziyo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Njengakweyiphi na iyeza, olu nyango lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. I-IVIG idla ngokunyanyezelwa kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha:

• I-Hemolytic anemia ( iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziyafa ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo)
• Iimpendulo zokufakwa kwe-infusion - ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye nokubanda.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Intlungu kwizihlunu okanye kumalungu.

Xa unikwa amayeza okunciphisa igazi (i-anticoagulants), umngcipheko wokopha uphezulu kancinci. Ke ngoko, nenxeba elincinci lingathatha ixesha ukuyeka ukopha.

Ngaba isifo seKawasaki singathintelwa?

Ngelishwa, hayi . Ekubeni unobangela ochanekileyo weSifo seKawasaki ungaziwa, akukho ndlela yokusithintela okwangoku.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba umntwana wam unesifo sikaKawasaki?

Kwangoko nje umntwana wakho ekrokrelwa ukuba unesifo sikaKawasaki, oogqirha baza kumfaka esibhedlele. Kusesibhedlele apho kwenziwa khona uvavanyo olufunekayo kwaye unyango luqala. Umntwana uya kukwazi ukuya ekhaya:

• Xa unako ukusela ulwelo kakuhle.
• Xa ungasela amayeza ngomlomo.
• Xa umkhuhlane uphelile ngokupheleleyo kwaye iimpawu zokudumba emzimbeni ziphelile.

Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke ubona ugqirha wakho wosapho (umboneleli wezempilo oyintloko), ugqirha wezifo ezosulelayo (ugqirha wezifo ezosulelayo), kunye nogqirha wentliziyo (ugqirha wentliziyo) . Baza kumjonga umntwana wakho ngokusondeleyo, baphinde bavavanye igazi, baze baphinde banyange de bathi akukho nyango lufunekayo. Ugqirha wentliziyo uza kutyelela ikhaya lomntwana wakho aze enze i-echocardiogram kwiiveki ezimbini, aze aphinde kwakhona kwiiveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu . Ukuba umntwana wakho ebeneengxaki ngemithambo yentliziyo, unokufuna ukuba wenze i-echocardiogram rhoqo.

Ngaba isifo sikaKawasaki sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Iimpawu zesifo sikaKawasaki zinokuhlala malunga neeveki ezine ukuya kwezintandathu . Umntwana unokuziva ediniwe kwaye engaphumli ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezisibhozo. Abanye abantwana, malunga ne-2 okanye i-3 kwi-100, banokufumana isifo sikaKawasaki kwakhona . Ngaphezu koko, isifo sikaKawasaki sinokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide kwimithambo yentliziyo kwaye sinokukhokelela kwisifo sentliziyo xa ekhulile.Umzekelo yi-atherosclerosis. Abantu abane-aneurysms ngenxa yesi sifo kuya kufuneka babone ugqirha wentliziyo ukuze bahlolwe ubomi babo bonke, nokuba kube kanye ngonyaka okanye rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokufuneka inkqubo yokuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho akabi namahlwili egazi kwaye imisipha yentliziyo ifumana ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Ngaba isifo sikaKawasaki siyingozi?

Ewe, isifo sikaKawasaki sisifo esibi kakhulu . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo siqatshelwa kwangethuba kwaye unyango luqalwe ngexesha, uninzi lwabantwana lunokuphila ngokupheleleyo . Iingxaki zentliziyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokufa, zinokwenzeka phakathi kweentsuku ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-45 emva kokuqala komkhuhlane. Ngethamsanqa, unyango lunokuthintela uninzi lwezifo zentliziyo. Ukuba alunyangwa, malunga nama-25 kwabantwana abali-100 baya kuba ne-coronary artery aneurysms. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba banyangwa ngexesha, eli nani lehla liye ngaphantsi kwe-6 kwabali-100. Ngonyango, malunga nama-50% abantwana abane-coronary artery aneurysms bayaphila kungekapheli unyaka okanye emibini.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam?

Ngelixa umntwana wakho esaphila kwiSifo sikaKawasaki, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza:

• Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho unolwazi lwamva nje ngazo zonke iindlela zokugonya kwakhe . Lumka ngakumbi malunga ne-COVID-19, i-influenza, kunye ne-varicella xa umntwana wakho ethatha i-aspirin. Kukho umngcipheko omncinci wemeko engaqhelekanga kodwa eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Reye's syndrome kubantwana abancinci xa i-aspirin ithathwa ngenxa yesifo sentsholongwane.
• Musa ukunika umntwana wakho imijovo yentsholongwane ephilayo kangangeenyanga ezili-11 emva konyango lwe-IVIG . Umzekelo, imijovo ye-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR), i-chickenpox (varicella), kunye nemijovo ye-nasal influenza ephilayo. I-IVIG inokuphazamisana nokukwazi komzimba ukuvelisa ii-antibodies ezichasene nezi ntsholongwane.
• Ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwi-echocardiogram yomntwana wakho, nciphisa imisebenzi ethile njengoko ugqirha ecebisile .

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa naziphi na kwezi mpawu emva kokuba ebuyele ekhaya, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha:

• Ukuba umkhuhlane ubuya .
• Ukuba unentlungu eqatha emalungeni akho .
• Ukuba iimpawu zangaphambili ziphinde zavela kwaye zibonakala ngathi ziya zisiba mandundu .

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Nantsi eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ugqirha ukuba ufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo seKawasaki:

• 'Ingakanani imeko yomntwana wam?'
• 'Ucinga ukuba umntwana uza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani esibhedlele?'
• 'Ngaba kukho amaqela enkxaso kubazali babantwana abanesifo sikaKawasaki?'
• 'Ndingayinciphisa kangakanani imisebenzi yomntwana wam?'

Akulula ukubukela umntwana wakho ehlushwa ngumkhuhlane nezinye iimpawu. Kodwa khumbula, abaphandi bafumene unyango olufanelekileyo lwesi sifo, kwaye abantwana abaninzi baye baphila kuso. Ukuze uthuthuzele umntwana wakho, cela ugqirha ukuba ungamzisa na ithoyizi okanye ingubo oyithandayo esibhedlele. Uthando lwakho kunye nelizwi lakho elizolileyo liya kuba namandla amakhulu kumntwana wakho ngeli xesha linzima.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Isifo sikaKawasaki sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinzulu esichaphazela abantwana abancinci kwaye sinokuchaphazela intliziyo.

• Qaphela iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane ohlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-5 kunye namehlo abomvu ahamba nawo, imilebe/ulwimi olubomvu, iintlungu zomzimba, ukudumba kwamalungu, kunye nokuqina kwentamo.
• Ukuba ubona ezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuqala unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Abantwana abaninzi bayaphila ngokupheleleyo ngonyango.
• Kwanasemva kokuba umntwana ephilile, kufuneka aqhubeke nokuhlolwa ngokwemiyalelo kagqirha , ingakumbi ngugqirha wentliziyo.

Musa ukoyika, qaphela. Kukho oogqirha abanokubonelela ngonyango olungcono kumntwana wakho. Ingqalelo yakho kunye nesenzo sakho esikhawulezileyo ziya kuba luncedo olukhulu ekuchacheni komntwana wakho.