Ngaba umntwana wakho uyathintitha xa ethetha? Masithethe ngokuthintitha!

Ngaba wakha waqaphela, okanye kwenzeka kuwe, ukuba xa uthetha, amagama ayabhajwa ngequbuliso, okanye uhlala ubiza unobumba okanye igama elifanayo? Ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba khona ukususela ebuntwaneni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka nasemva kokuba ukhulile. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngoku kuthintitha, okanye ngokwezonyango, `(Ukuthintitha)`. Ungakhathazeki, le yinto eyenzeka kubantu abaninzi, kwaye idla ngokunyangeka.

Yintoni kanye kanye ukuthintitha?

Ngamafutshane, ukuthintitha kukuphazamiseka kwesingqisho samagama esiwathethayo, oko kukuthi, ukutyibilika kwentetho. Kule nto, amagama awaphumi ngendlela esifuna ngayo. Kusenokubakho izandi ezingafunekiyo, ukunqumama okungafunekiyo phakathi kwamagama, okanye ezinye iingxaki ngokutyibilika kwentetho.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zokuthintitha:

• Ukuthintitha kokukhula/ingxaki yokuthetha kakuhle ebantwaneni: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Lubangelwa lutshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ingqondo ekhula ngayo ngexesha lobuntwana . Oko kukuthi, sisifo sophuhliso lwemithambo-luvo . Sidla ngokuqala phakathi kweminyaka emibini nesixhenxe.
• Ukuthintitha okungapheliyo: Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthintitha okwaqala ebuntwaneni kuyaqhubeka de kube ngumntu omdala.
• Ukuthintitha okufunyenweyo: Oku kwenzeka xa ukuthintitha kuqala emva kokonakala kwengqondo, nokuba kungenxa yokugula okanye ukwenzakala entloko.

Ukuthintitha yimeko echaphazela ukutyibilika kwentetho (i-Fluency disorder). Ezi zihlala ziphantsi koluhlu olukhulu lweengxaki zokuthetha.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko?

Ukuthintitha kunokwenzeka nakubani na. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lufumanise ukuba abafana banamathuba aphindwe kane okufumana esi sifo kunamantombazana. Uhlobo lwesi sifo lunokutshintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka.

• Ukuthintitha ebuntwaneni: Oku phantse kuhlala kuqala ebuntwaneni. Kungaqala kwangethuba kwiminyaka emi-2 ubudala, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kungaqala kwangethuba kwiminyaka esi-7 ubudala. Kudla ngokuqala kwiminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Malunga nama-95% abantwana babonisa iimpawu zokuthintitha ngaphambi kokuba bafikelele kwiminyaka emi-4 ubudala.
• Ukuthintitha okuhlala ixesha elide de kube ngumntu omdala: Nangona le yimeko echaphazela abantu abadala, idla ngokuqala ebuntwaneni.
• Ukuqala kokungathintitha kamva: Oku kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ingakumbi emva kweengozi okanye izifo ezibangela umonakalo engqondweni.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ukuthintitha okuqala ebuntwaneni kuchaphazela phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2.4% yabantwana. Oko kuthetha ukuba umntwana omnye okanye ababini kwabayi-100 banokuba nale meko. Ukuthintitha okuqhubekayo de babe ngabantu abadala akuxhaphakanga kangako, kuchaphazela phakathi kwe-0.3% kunye ne-1% yabantu abadala. Kusekho ulwazi oluncinci lophando malunga nokuba ukuthintitha okuqhelekileyo kwenzeka njani kamva ebomini.

Zithini iimpawu zokuthintitha?

Xa sithetha, izihlunu ezininzi ebusweni, emlonyeni, emqaleni, esifubeni, nasesiswini ziyadibana kwaye kufuneka zisebenzisane. Umntu othintithayo ufumana iintshukumo ezingalawulekiyo okanye ukuxhuzula kwezi zihlunu zisetyenziselwa ukuthetha.

Ukuze ugqirha akwazi ukufumanisa ukuba une-stunt, kufuneka kubekho ubuncinane enye yeempawu ezisixhenxe eziphambili ezingezantsi:

• Ukuphindaphinda izandi okanye iisilabhili: Oku kwenzeka rhoqo ekuqaleni kwegama. Umzekelo, xa uthi “mama,” uthi “a-a-a-mom.” Isandi okanye isilabhili siyaphindwa de kuthethwe lonke igama.
• Ukwandisa iisilabhili okanye izandi ezithile: Oku kuquka ukunamathela kwisandi okanye isilabhili ethile nokuyolula endaweni yokucinga ngaso. Umzekelo, "Ss"
• Ukuma phakathi kwegama: Ukuma ixesha elide ngexesha elingabalulekanga ngelixa uthetha.
• Ukuvalela: Xa uthetha, kukho ukunqumama okungapheliyo, nokuba kuthe cwaka okanye ngesandi esifana no-“um…” okanye “ah…”. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-“Blocking” kuba amagama abonakala evalelwe yinto ethile.
• Ukutshintshwa kwegama: Xa usithintitha xa uzama ukuthetha igama okanye ibinzana, usebenzisa elinye igama okanye ibinzana ukuze uliphephe.
• Ukuxinezeleka kakhulu: Ukuthetha ugxininisa kakhulu okanye uxinezeleko kwinxalenye yegama okanye igama liphela.
• Ukuphindaphinda amagama anesilabhili enye: Ukuphindaphinda amagama enziwe ngesandi esinye, esifana no-“Ndi”, “ewe”, kunye no-“loo nto”.

Ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene nokungathintitha

Abantu abanale meko banokufumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuxinana kwemisipha: Ngenxa yeentshukumo zemisipha ezibangela ukuxhuzula, ukuxinana kwemisipha "kunokusasaza" kwezinye iindawo zobuso, entanyeni, emagxeni nasezingalweni.
• Iintshukumo okanye iindlela zokuma ezingaqhelekanga ezikhula ngokutyibiliza: Into enye enokubonwa kubantu abathintithayo ziindlela ezithile zokuziphatha ezibonakala xa bethintitha. Umzekelo, ukuqhwanyaza amehlo ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ukujonga kude, ukufinga iintshiyi, kunye nokugoba amanqindi abo.
• Indlela imeko yakho yengqondo echaphazela ngayo iimpawu:Iimpawu zokuthintitha zinokuba mandundu xa udiniwe, uchulumancile, uxhalabile, okanye uxinezelekile. Zinokwenzeka naxa uthetha ngezihloko ezintsha nezintsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zinokuncipha xa uphumle kwaye ukhululekile.
• Akukho kuthintitha xa kukho eminye imisebenzi yokuthetha: Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukuthintitha akuqhelekanga ukwenzeka xa kukho eminye imisebenzi. Umzekelo, usenokuthintitha xa uthetha nezilwanyana zasekhaya, ufunda incwadi ngokuvakalayo, okanye ucula.
• Okubangela ezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo : Ukuthintitha kunokubangela iimvakalelo zokukhungatheka, iintloni , kunye neentloni. Abantu abathintithayo banamathuba amaninzi okuba neemeko zempilo yengqondo ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba .

Zithini izizathu zokuthintitha?

Iingcali azikaqondi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni ukuthintitha kusenzeka ngokwenene. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa abacinga ukuba zinokuba negalelo kuko:

• Imbali yosapho : Ukuba isalamane sakho esikwinqanaba lokuqala, njengomama wakho, utata, okanye abantakwenu, siyathintitha, amathuba akho okuthintitha aphindwe kathathu.
• I-Genetics : Kukholelwa ukuba utshintsho oluthile ( ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ) kwi-genes zethu ( i-DNA ) lunokubangela ukungakwazi ukuthetha. Kwakhona kubonakala ngathi i-genes inokuba nefuthe ekubeni imeko iyaphucuka na ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye iphele ngokupheleleyo.
• Utshintsho kwindlela obume ngayo ubuchopho: Kufunyenwe ukuba kukho utshintsho oluthile kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho zabantu abathintithayo. La maxesha amaninzi ziindawo zobuchopho ezilawula izihlunu ezisinceda sithethe, okanye ezilungelelanisa izihlunu.

Ungayiqonda njani into yokuba uthintitha?

Xa efumanisa ukuba une-stunt, ugqirha uza kuqala abuze ngeempawu ezinxulumene nale meko. Ukongeza, uza kubuza ngembali yakho (okanye yomntwana wakho) yempilo, ukuba ezi mpawu zaqala nini, kunye namaxesha emini ezihlala zivela.

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-stunt, idla ngokuchongwa ngugqirha wabantwana bomntwana wakho. Oku kwenzeka xa ubona iimpawu uze uxelele ugqirha ngazo, okanye xa ugqirha ebona iimpawu xa umsa umntwana wakho kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo.

Abantu abaninzi abathintithayo baze babe ngabantu abadala baye bafunyaniswa benesi sifo ukususela ebuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, kusenokubakho abantu abathintithayo baze babe ngabantu abadala kodwa abazange bafunyanwe benaso ngokusesikweni besebancinci.

Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwezonyango alusoloko luyimfuneko ukuze kufunyaniswe ukutyibilika ebuntwaneni okanye ukutyibilika okuqhubekayo de kube mdala.

Ukuthintitha okufunyenweyo

Ukuba umntu omdala ngequbuliso uqala ukuthintitha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kuvavanywa. Ukuthintitha ngolu hlobo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-aphasia . Izizathu ezinokubakho ze-aphasia ziquka ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (TBI), istroke , kunye neethumba zobuchopho (kuquka nomhlaza ).

Uvavanyo olunokwenziwa ngeli xesha luquka:

• Iiskeni ze-CT (iiskeni ze-CT – iiskeni ze-computed tomography)
• Iiskeni ze-MRI (iiskeni ze -MRI – iiskeni ze-Magnetic resonance imaging)
• Iiskeni zePET (iiskeni zePositron emission tomography)

Izinto ezinje zingabandakanywa.

Iphathwa njani i-stunt?

Unyango oluphambili lwazo zonke iintlobo zokuthintitha lunyango lokuthetha . Kubantwana abancinci, oku kubandakanya ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo enceda iimpawu zokuthintitha zinciphe kancinci kancinci kwaye ekugqibeleni ziphele ngokupheleleyo. Imisebenzi kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswa kunyango lokuthetha zimiselwa luhlobo lokuthintitha, iimpawu, kunye nobunzima bokuthintitha. Inani leeseshoni zonyango kunye nobude beseshoni nganye nazo zinokuchaphazela oku.

Amayeza awasetyenziswa rhoqo ukunyanga ngokuthe ngqo ukuxhuzula. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza angasetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngexhala okanye ukudakumba, ezinokuhamba nokuxhuzula kwaye zenze ukuxhuzula kube mandundu. Amayeza okudakumba kunye namayeza okulwa nokunxunguphala yimizekelo yamayeza asetyenziswa ngolu hlobo.

Iingxaki/iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango

Iingxaki kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango lokuthintitha ixhomekeke kwindlela yonyango kunye nezinye izinto. Unyango lokuthetha alusoloko lubangela naziphi na iingozi, iingxaki, okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga okanye iingxaki ezivela kumayeza, nangona zingaqhelekanga, zinokwenzeka.

Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela okungakumbi ngezi ngxaki zinokwenzeka kunye nemiphumo emibi, kunye nokuchaza iindlela zokuziphepha okanye ukunciphisa iziphumo zazo.

Ngaba ukungathintitha kungathintelwa?

Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lokuthintitha olunokuthintelwa kukuthintitha okufunyanwayo. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokukuthintela kukunciphisa umngcipheko, okanye ukukhusela, kwiimeko ezifana nestroke okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (TBI).

Singacinga ntoni ngale meko? (Imbono)

Ukuthintitha akuyongozi, kwaye abantu abaninzi bayasinda kuko. Unyango, ingakumbi unyango lokuthetha, lunokukhawulezisa ukuchacha.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuthintitha kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kwimpilo yengqondo. Malunga nama-40% abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-12 neli-17 abathintithayo baneemeko ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba.

Abantu abadala abathintithayo banamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba nezi meko kwaye amathuba aphindwe kathathu okuba neengxaki zobuntu. Ukuchonga nokunyanga iingxaki zempilo yengqondo kunokunceda ukunciphisa indlela ezichaphazela ngayo ukuthintitha.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuthintitha?

Malunga nama-90% abantwana abane-stunt ekhula ngokukhawuleza bayaphola ngokwabo xa beneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Abo baphola ngokupheleleyo abaphinde ba-stuntme ngaphandle kokuba baphuhlise i-stunt ekhula ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuthintitha okungapheliyo okuqhubeka de ube ngumntu omdala akuqhelekanga, kodwa kudla ngokuba yimeko yobomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, inokunyangeka, kwaye abantu abadala abaninzi banokufunda ukumelana nayo nokulawula le meko.

Ukuthintitha okufunyenweyo kunokuba yinto ehlala ihleli okanye eyexeshana. Oku kudla ngokuxhomekeka kwisizathu. Ukuba kubangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo okunzulu nokusisigxina, olu hlobo lokuthintitha lukwanokuba yinto ehlala ihleli. Ugqirha wakho unokukuchazela ukuba yintoni enokwenzeka ngokusekwe kwimeko yakho.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? / Ndingamnceda njani umntwana?

Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu zokuthintitha okukhulayo, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wezingane. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokunceda umntwana wakho afunde ukuthetha nokujongana neemvakalelo zokuhlazeka kunye neentloni.

Ukuba une-speech treatment eqhubekayo eqhubeka de ube ngumntu omdala, i-speech therapy inokukunceda. I-speech therapy ikufundisa indlela yokujongana nemiphumo yeso simo.

Ukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo

Kubalulekile ukuhlala ukhathalela impilo yakho yengqondo okanye yomntwana wakho. Kubaluleke ngakumbi xa unemeko efana nokungakwazi ukuthetha. Ukuthetha nogqirha wengqondo, ingcali yezonyango, okanye omnye umntu osebenza ngempilo yengqondo kunokukunceda kwiimeko ezifana nokuxhalaba okanye ukudakumba.

Ukhathalelo lwempilo yengqondo ebantwaneni lubaluleke kakhulu, kuba lunokunceda ekunciphiseni ubukhali bemiphumo yempilo yengqondo yokuthintitha. Abantwana abathintithayo banamathuba amaninzi okugculelwa nokuxhaphazwa ngabanye, nto leyo enokuba mandundu ngakumbi ixhala okanye ukudakumba kwabo.

Khumbula, ukuthintitha akusilo ityala lakho okanye lomntwana wakho. Yingxaki yempilo. Akuyonto yokuba neentloni.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-stunt, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha wakho njengoko kucetyiswa. Abantwana abaninzi bayayeka uku-stunt, ngoko ke usenokungadingi ukubona ugqirha ngenxa yesi simo kwangethuba.

Ndingaya nini kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (i-ETU) ?

Uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lokuthintitha olufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo kukuthintitha okufunyanwayo, okwenzeka ngequbuliso, ingakumbi kunye nezinye iimpawu zestroke. Ukuba ukuthintitha okufunyanwayo kukhula kancinci kancinci, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha kwangoko wakuba uqaphela iimpawu. Iimpawu ezikhula kwaye zisiba mandundu kancinci zinokuba luphawu lwenye imeko enxulumene nobuchopho.

Ngaba ukuthintitha luhlobo oluthile lokuxhalaba?

Hayi, ukuthintitha yinto eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwixhala. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubudlelwane obuqinileyo, obufanayo phakathi kwezi zimbini. Oko kukuthi, ukuthintitha kunokubangela ixhala okanye konyuse ixhala elikhoyo. Kwakhona, ukuthintitha kudla ngokuba mandundu xa uziva uxhalabile.

Ngaba ukuthintitha kunganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Akukho "nyango" lokuthintitha. Oko kukuthi, ayinakupheliswa ngokupheleleyo ngamayeza elinye okanye into enye. Nangona kunjalo, ungaphila kuyo. Unyango lokuthetha kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango zinokunceda ekukhawuleziseni nasekuncedeni olu nyango. Abantwana abaninzi bayaphila phantse ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba umntwana wam uyathintitha, ndingamnceda njani?

Ukuba umntwana wakho uyathintitha, kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukuze umncede:

• Yiba ngumzekelo omhle nawe: Thetha kancinci kwaye uzolile, kwaye misela umntwana wakho umzekelo wokuthetha ngendlela efanayo.
• Musa ukukhalimela ukuthintitha: Oku kunefuthe elichaseneyo. Kunokwenza umntwana abe mandundu ngakumbi xa exhalabile kwaye enze nezinye iziphumo zengqondo ezinxulumene nokuthintitha.
• Mamela oko kuthethwa ngumntwana wakho: Umntwana wakho kufuneka azi ukuba unika ingqalelo koko akutshoyo. Musa ukungxama ukuthetha kwangoko emva kokuba egqibile ukuthetha. Kungakunceda nokufikelela kwinqanaba lamehlo omntwana wakho uze umjonge emehlweni xa uthetha.
• Musa ukumphazamisa xa uthetha, musa ukugxila kwiimpazamo: Gxila kwinto ayithethayo umntwana, kungekhona kwindlela ayithethayo ngayo. Musa ukuzama ukugqiba izivakalisi zakhe, kwaye musa ukumphazamisa xa ethetha.
• Yakha ukuzithemba komntwana wakho: Mncome umntwana wakho ngezinto azenzayo kakuhle, ngaphaya koko akutshoyo. Xa ebonisa izakhono zakhe kwimisebenzi engengomlomo, chaza ngokucacileyo iimvakalelo zakho ngaye.
• Chitha ixesha nomntwana wakho: Ukuchitha ixesha nomntwana wakho, ngaphandle kweziphazamiso ezifana neTV okanye ifowuni, kunceda ekwakheni ukuzithemba komntwana wakho kunye nempilo yakhe yengqondo .
• Musa ukumenza umntwana wakho azive ngathi yinto ayifihlayo: Ukuba umntwana wakho uyathintitha, mxelele ukuba kulungile ukuthetha ngayo. Ukuthetha ngeemvakalelo ezinje ngokukhungatheka kunye nehlazo kunokunceda ekunciphiseni iimvakalelo ezimbi malunga nale meko.
• Qinisekisa umntwana wakho ukuba uyamxhasa: Mxelele umntwana wakho ukuba uyamxhasa nokuba kwenzeka ntoni na. Bafuna ukuva ukuba ukuthintitha akuchaphazeli ixabiso lakhe.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kokuthintitha nokuthintitha?

Ngokwembali, amagama athi ``Stittering`` kunye ``Stimmering`` achaze izithintelo ezimbini ezinxulumeneyo, kodwa ezingafaniyo ncam, zokuthetha.

• Ukuthintitha: Ukuphinda isandi esifanayo ngelixa uzama ukuthetha. (Umzekelo: mama-mama-ma)
• Ukuthintitha: Ukuphinda-phinda izithuba okanye ukunqumama xa uzama ukuthetha. (Umzekelo: Ndiye esikolweni … namhlanje …)

Abantu abaninzi abathintithayo benza zombini ezi zinto. Ngenxa yokuba ezi zinto zimbini zihlala zisenzeka kunye, kuqhelekile ukusebenzisa la magama mabini ngokutshintshana. Ngoko ke nokuba uthi `(Ukuthintitha)` okanye `(Ukuthintitha)`, adla ngokuthetha into enye.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuthintitha kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo nebangela iintloni, nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi. Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala okanye uzive uneentloni ngale meko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthintitha sisifo sempilo, kwaye asiyonto yokuba neentloni ngayo.

Abantu abaninzi bayasinda kule meko baze baphile ubomi obuphumeleleyo kakhulu. Kukho abantu abaninzi abathintithayo, njengeenkokheli zehlabathi, iinkwenkwezi zeemuvi, kunye nabadlali abangochwephesha, kodwa abaye baphumelela kakhulu. Ngonyango lokuthetha kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, nawe ungafumana isingqisho samagama akho kwaye uzive ngokuzithemba. Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unento efana nale, ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.