Xa ugqirha ekuxelela wena okanye umntwana wakho ukuba une-ADHD ( Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ), sihlala sigxila kuloo nto yodwa, akunjalo? Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba i-ADHD ayizenzekeli nje yodwa? Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abane-ADHD banokuba nezinye iingxaki zempilo ezihamba kunye nayo. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi meko zinokuba nzima ukuzibona kuba iimpawu zazo zifana kakhulu neempawu ze-ADHD. Ke ngoko, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho une-ADHD, kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nazo naziphi na iimvakalelo okanye iindlela zokuziphatha ezikukhathazayo. Kulapho kuphela apho ugqirha wakho anokugqiba khona ukuba le yimeko efuna unyango olwahlukileyo.
Ulwalamano phakathi kwe-ADHD kunye noxinzelelo
Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kwaye udanile ngamanye amaxesha kuba une-ADHD. Kodwa esithetha ngako apha kukudandatheka, okuyenye imeko eyahlukileyo, enzulu ngakumbi. Kunokuba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba kuchaphazele imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, efana nomsebenzi, umsebenzi wesikolo, usapho, kunye nobudlelwane nabantu.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba malunga nama-70% abantu abane-ADHD baya kufuna unyango lokudakumba ngaxa lithile ebomini babo.
Indlela yokubona ukudakumba kubantu abadala nakubantwana?
Le meko inokuchaphazela abantu abadala kunye nabantwana. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba nzima ukuqaphela ukudakumba ebantwaneni kuba iimpawu zayo zingabandakanya ukugqabhuka rhoqo komsindo kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo . Ezi zikwazimpawu ze-ADHD, ngoko ke kulula ukuzibhidanisa zombini ezi zinto.
Nika ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezikwitheyibhile engezantsi. Ukuba ezi ziqhubeka ixesha elingaphezu kweeveki ezimbini, musa ukucinga nje ukuba yi-ADHD. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho uze uthethe ngayo.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zoxinzelelo | |
|---|---|
| Iimvakalelo | Ukuziva ulusizi, ungenathemba, okanye ungenanto imini yonke. |
| Ukuzimisela/Ulonwabo | Inyaniso yokuba andifuni kwenza nto bendiyithanda ngoku. |
| Ubunzima bomzimba | Ukwehla okanye ukwanda kobunzima ngequbuliso ngaphandle kokulawula ukutya. |
| Ukulala | Ukuva ubuthongo ngalo lonke ixesha emini kwaye ungakwazi ukulala ebusuku. |
| Ukuziphatha | Imisebenzi engapheliyo engenamsebenzi efana nokuhambahamba ngokuzola nokusonga izandla. |
Ukuba umntwana unesifo sokudakumba, esi sifo sinokulawulwa kakuhle ngonyango lokuziphatha kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ngamayeza.
I-ADHD kunye neengxaki zokulala
Iingxaki zokulala zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abane-ADHD, kunye nabantwana. Enyanisweni, abantwana abane-ADHD banamathuba amabini okanye amathathu okuba neengxaki zokulala kunabantwana abangenayo i-ADHD. Kutheni kunzima kangaka ukulala kakuhle ebusuku nge-ADHD? Izazinzulu azikafumani mpendulo ichanekileyo, kodwa zifumanise ukuba zininzi izinto ezinokudlala indima.
| Izizathu ezichaphazela ubuthongo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Izinto ezikhuthazayo | Ikofu iyakhuthaza, njengoko kunjalo nangamanye amayeza e-ADHD. La mayeza angakugcina uphaphile ebusuku. |
| Uxinzelelo kunye nokuxhalaba | Zombini ezi meko zempilo yengqondo ziqhelekile kwi-ADHD kwaye zinokubangela ukungalali. |
| Isifo seMilenze eNgaphumliyo | Le yimeko yemithambo-luvo. Uziva ungakhululekanga emilenzeni xa uphumle, kwaye uziva ufuna ukushukumisa imilenze yakho ukuze unciphise loo ntlungu. |
| Ukuphefumla Okungalawulekiyo Ebuthongweni | Oku kuquka iimeko ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekurhoneni ukuya ekuphefumleni xa umntu elele, okuchaphazela malunga nama-30% abantwana abane-ADHD. |
| Iingxaki zokulala zeCircadian-Rhythm | Ngamafutshane, iwotshi yethu yomzimba ayisekho sempilweni. Oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba uqhela umjikelo wokulala emva kwexesha uze uvuke emva kwexesha kunesiqhelo. |
Iingcali zithi ukuzama ukuphucula ubuthongo kufanele kube yinxalenye yesicwangciso sonyango lwe-ADHD.
Ezi zinto ziya kukunceda ulale ngcono:
- Hlakulela imikhwa emihle yokulala : Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezifana neefowuni kunye neetablethi ngaphambi kokuba ulale. Ziqhelise ukulala nokuvuka ngaxeshanye. Nciphisa izinto ezifana nekofu kunye neti.
- Lungisa igumbi lokulala: Gcina igumbi lipholile kwaye limnyama.
- Ukuzilolonga: Zilolonge kakuhle emini. Kodwa musa ukuzilolonga zingadlulanga iiyure ezi-3 emva kokulala.
- Ukutya : Musa ukutya ude ufikelele kwixesha lokulala.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Ungaze uthathe iipilisi zokulala okanye izongezo ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho.
Iingxaki Ezinzima Zokuziphatha
Abanye abantu abane-ADHD, ingakumbi abantwana, banokuba nezinye iingxaki ezinkulu zokuziphatha. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi.
1. Ingxaki Yokungazinzi Kwengqondo (ODD): Malunga nesiqingatha sabantwana abane -ADHD nabo banokuba ne-ODD. Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6, oko kuyimbangela yokukhathazeka.
2. Ingxaki Yokuziphatha (CD): Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ayinyangwa, i-ODD inokukhula ibe yimeko ye-CD embi kakhulu. Oku kunokuchaphazela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25% yabantwana abane-ADHD kunye ne-45% yabantwana abancinci.
Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze ufumane iimpawu zazo zombini ezi meko. Ukuba ubona into efana nale kumntwana wakho,Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha ngale nto ngokukhawuleza. Ezi meko zinokulawulwa zizinto ezifana nokuqeqesha abazali kunye nokufumana inkxaso esikolweni.
| Iimpawu ze-Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) | Iimpawu zeSiphazamiso sokuziphatha (CD) |
|---|---|
| Ngequbuliso ndicaphuka ngaphandle kwesizathu. | Ukuziphatha ngqwabalala kwabanye abantu okanye izilwanyana. |
| Ukuhlala ephikisana nabantu abadala. | Ukutshatyalaliswa kwepropathi. |
| Ukungafuni ukulandela izicelo okanye imithetho yabantu abadala. | Ubusela. |
| Ukucaphukisa abanye ngabom. | Ukutsiba isikolo. |
| Ukutyhola abanye ngeempazamo zabo. | (inzima kakhulu kune-ODD, ukuziphatha okuchasene nabantu) |
| Ukuhlala uziva unomsindo, unomsindo, okanye ucinga ngokuziphindezela. |
Ezinye iingxaki zempilo
Ukongeza kwezi ngxaki ziphambili, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela abantu abane-ADHD.
- Ukuphazamiseka Kweemvakalelo: Imvakalelo yakho ingatshintsha ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo kwaye itshintshe rhoqo phakathi kwezinto ezigqithisileyo (umz., ulonwabo olukhulu kunye nokudakumba okukhulu).
- Ixhala: Ukuxhalaba kakhulu ngeengxaki zobomi. Oku kunokubangela ukucaphuka, uxinezeleko, kunye nokudinwa.
- Iingxaki zoBuntu:Xa kwenzeka into engalindelekanga, kunokuba nzima ukuyiqhela. Ungasabela ngeendlela abanye abazibona zingaqhelekanga okanye zibuhlungu, kwaye kunokuba nzima ukwakha ubudlelwane obuhle.
- Ukoyika abantu: Uloyiko kunye nexhala lokuya kwiindawo apho uza kuba phakathi kwabanye abantu, njengasesikolweni okanye emsebenzini.
- Ukuxhalaba Ngokuhlukana: Ukuziva uxhalabile xa ungekho kusapho okanye xa ucinga ukuba uza kuba kude nalo.
- Iingxaki Zokufunda: Malunga nesiqingatha sabantwana abane-ADHD banokuba nokukhubazeka kokufunda. Oku kuthetha ukuba bafunda kwaye basebenzise ulwazi olutsha ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Iingxaki zokufunda (i-dyslexia) kunye neengxaki zezibalo (i-dyscalculia) zixhaphakile.
- Ukungavumi Ukuphazamiseka Kwengqondo (RSD): Nangona kungaqatshelwa ngokusesikweni njengesigulo sengqondo, esi sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo esibangela iimpawu. Ukusabela ngokweemvakalelo kakhulu xa umntu engafezekisi oko akulindeleyo okanye okwabanye abantu, okanye xa egxekwa.
Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo yonke le nto uze ufunde ngeempawu ezilumkisayo zezi meko. Oku kuya kukunceda uchonge naziphi na ezinye iingxaki ezinokuchaphazela wena okanye umntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD ayisiyongxaki edla ngokuvela yodwa. Inokubangela nezinye iingxaki, ezinje ngokudakumba, iingxaki zokulala, kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha.
- Hlala uqaphela utshintsho kwimo yakho okanye yomntwana wakho, iindlela zokulala, okanye indlela aziphethe ngayo.
- Musa ukuyithatha njengento engenamsebenzi kuba "konke oku yi-ADHD." Isenokuba yimeko efuna unyango olwahlukileyo.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nangokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho malunga nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezikukhathazayo, nokuba zincinci kangakanani na. Oku kubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe isifo kwaye kunyangwe ngokufanelekileyo.
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