Ubuya kuziva njani ukuba ugqirha ebenokuthi kuwe, "Unethumba emaphashini akho?" Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye wothukile xa usiva elo gama. Xa sisiva igama elithi "ithumba," iingqondo zethu zikhawuleza zitsibe ziye kwimeko eyoyikekayo yomhlaza. Kodwa kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ikuxelele yona. Ayizizo zonke iithumba ezingomhlaza. Ezinye iithumba zinokuba yingozi kwaye zingabi ngumhlaza (zingabi yingozi). Ngoko ke namhlanje sithetha ngeethumba ezingezizo umhlaza emaphashini ongadingi kuxhalaba ngazo.
Yintoni kanye kanye 'ithumba'?
Ngamafutshane, ithumba yingqokelela yezicubu ezingaqhelekanga ezenzeka xa iiseli emzimbeni wethu zidibana. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli emzimbeni wethu ziyahlukana, zikhule, kwaye ekugqibeleni ziyafa. Le yinkqubo elawulwa kakhulu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo iyaphazama. Iiseli ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza, okanye iiseli ezimele zife ziyadibana endaweni yokufa. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yithumba. Ezi thumba zinokwakheka emiphungeni okanye kwiindlela zomoya ezithwala umoya ukuya emiphungeni.
Ezi nati zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Iintsholongwane Ezinobungozi: Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yiCancer . Zikhula ngokukhawuleza, zingene kwizicubu ezingqongileyo, kwaye zinokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
2. IiTumors ezingengomhlaza : Ezi azinazo iintsholongwane. Azisasabalali kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Ngoku, ukuba ugqirha wakho uthi, "Ithumba elisemphungeni wakho libonakala lingenabungozi ," kuthetha ukuthini oko ngokwenene? Makhe sijonge phambili.
| Iimpawu zeethumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi) | Iimpawu zeethumba ezinobungozi |
|---|---|
| Ezi azinazo izifo zomhlaza, ngoko ke azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. | Ezi ziinhlungu zomhlaza ezinokusasazeka (i-metastasize) ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. |
| UkukhulaKancinci kakhulu. Mhlawumbi ukukhula kuyayeka okanye kunciphe. | Ihlala ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu . |
| Ngokwesiqhelo ayisongeli ubomi . | Ukuba ayinyangwa kakuhle, inokuba yingozi ebomini . |
| Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukususwa ngotyando akufuneki . | Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka isuswe okanye kufunwe olunye unyango . |
| Nangona ibangela uxinzelelo kwizicwili ezingqongileyo, ayizingenisi okanye izitshabalalise . | Ihlasela ize itshabalalise izicwili eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. |
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izimila ezingezizo ezomhlaza ezikhula emiphungeni?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Zikwahlulwa ngobukhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, iithumba ezinkulu kuneesentimitha ezi-3 (malunga ne-1.2 intshi) zibizwa ngokuba yi-"mass", kwaye iithumba ezincinci kuneesentimitha ezi-3 zibizwa ngokuba yi-" nodules ". Ezi thumba zincinci zenzeka emiphungeni zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"pulmonary nodules".
Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeethumba ezingezizo ezomhlaza.
IiHamartomas
Ezi zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zokukhula okungenamhlaza ezifumaneka emiphungeni. Zenziwe zizicubu eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-cartilage , amafutha , kunye nemisipha . Kodwa izicubu zidibene ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Kwi- X-ray, zinokubonakala njengengqekembe engqukuva. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonakala njenge-popcorn. Ngokwesiqhelo azilimazi izicubu ezingqongileyo.
I-Bronchial adenomas
Ezi lolunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwethumba elingengomhlaza. Zikhula ikakhulu kwimigudu yethu yomoya (ibronchi) kunye namadlala e-mucous.
Iipapillomas
Ezi aziqhelekanga kangako. Zikhula ngaphakathi kwimigudu yomoya zize ziphume ngaphandle. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zee-papillomas:
- Iipapillomas ze-squamous:Ezi zinokubangelwa kukwasulelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Human Papillomavirus - HPV". Le ntsholongwane ye-HPV yintsholongwane efanayo ebangela iintsumpa kunye nezinye izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo. Ezi ntlobo zokukhula ngamanye amaxesha zinethuba elincinci lokuba ngumhlaza.
- Ii-papillomas ze-Glandular: Ezi zinqabile kunee-squamous papillomas. Isizathu esichanekileyo sokuvela kwazo asikafumaneki okwangoku.
- Iipapillomas ezixutyiweyo zesquamous kunye ne-glandular: Ezi ziqulathe izicwili ezivela kuzo zombini iintlobo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Ezi azinakuba ngumhlaza rhoqo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, nangona isithi "ingaba ngumhlaza," ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Ngoko ke kungcono uhlolwe njengoko ugqirha esitsho.
Zixhaphake kangakanani ezi ziqhamo?
Ezi ziqhuma zincinci emiphungeni (ii-pulmonary nodules) zixhaphake kakhulu kunokuba unokucinga. Zifumaneka kwi-X-ray enye kwi-500 zesifuba. Kwakhona, i-80%-90% yee-CT scans (ii-Computed Tomography scans) zibonisa ezi ziqhuma zincinci.
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ngaphezulu kwama-60% ezi thumba zibonwa kwi-X-ray kwaye ama-99% azo abonwa kwi-CT scans azinawo umhlaza (azinabungozi). Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50 kwaye uyatshaya, unamathuba amancinci okuzibona kwi-CT scan.
Zithini iimpawu zeethumba zemiphunga ezingezizo ezomhlaza?
Into emangalisayo apha kukuba abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu . Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yezi zifo zifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha le-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ukuze kufunyanwe enye imeko.
Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu, kuquka:
- Ukukhohlela okuncinci okuhlala ixesha elide.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
- Nakuphi na ukungakhululeki okanye iintlungu esifubeni.
- Ukuphefumla sisandi sokukhala xa uphefumla.
- Isandi esirhabaxa esifana ne-mucus esivela emiphungeni.
- Ukukhohlela igazi (i-hemoptysis).
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho.
Yintoni ebangela iithumba ezinje?
Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zokubakho kwezimila zemiphunga ezingezizo ezomhlaza.
- Iigranulomas: Ezi ziingqumba ezincinci zeeseli ezivuvukalayo ezibangelwa lusulelo. Zinokubangelwa lusulelo lweebhaktheriya, ezifana nesifo sephepha (TB), okanye usulelo lwefungus.
- Ithumba lemiphunga: Usulelo oluzaliswe bubomvu ngaphakathi emiphungeni.
- Ukudumba:Ezi thumba zingakhula ngenxa yeemeko zokudumba ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis okanye i-sarcoidosis.
- Usulelo: Iithumba zemiphunga zinokubangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zosulelo.
- Iimeko zokuzalwa: Iimeko ezithile ezikhoyo ekuzalweni, umzekelo, ingxowa egcwele ulwelo emiphungeni (i-lung cyst).
Kwezinye iimeko, unobangela othile usenokungafumaneki.
Ndingaqiniseka njani ukuba eli qhuma alinamhlaza?
Oogqirha basebenzisa izinto ezininzi ukuze bafumanise ukuba iqhuma linesifo somhlaza okanye akunjalo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, i-CT scan inokufumanisa ukuba ithumba alinamhlaza ngokusekelwe kwimbonakalo yalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho amathandabuzo, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-bronchoscopy. Oku kuquka ukudlulisa ityhubhu encinci, enekhamera ezantsi emqaleni iye emiphungeni ukuze kuhlolwe ithumba. Isampuli yezicubu ingathathwa ukuze ivavanywe (i-biopsy). Uya kunikwa i-anesthesia ngaphambi kolu vavanyo, ukuze ungaziva ungonwabanga.
| Into evavanywayo | Umahluko phakathi kweethumba ezinobungozi nezinobungozi |
|---|---|
| Ubungakanani bethumba | Okukhona ithumba lincinci, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba lingabi ngumhlaza. Iithumba ezingezizo umhlaza zikhula kancinci kakhulu okanye zingakhuli kwaphela. Iithumba ezinomhlaza zinokuphinda kabini ngobukhulu kwiinyanga ezi-4 nje kuphela. |
| Umxholo kunye nokuma kweNut | Iithumba ezingezizo umhlaza zinokuba necalcium (ebonakala imhlophe kwi-CT scan). Iithumba ezinesifo somhlaza zihlala zingenacalcium. Kwakhona, iithumba ezingezizo umhlaza zihlala zigudile kwaye zingqukuva, ngelixa iithumba ezinesifo somhlaza zihlala zinemiphetho engangqalanga nerhabaxa. |
Inyangwa njani? Ngaba ithumba kufuneka lisuswe?
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwee-tumor zemiphunga ezingezizo ezomhlaza azidingi naluphi na unyango.Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa indlela "yokulinda nokulinda". Oku kuthetha ukufumana ii-X-ray okanye ii-CT scans rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa okanye iminyaka embalwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba ithumba liyatshintsha na ngobukhulu okanye kwimilo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezilandelayo, ugqirha unokucebisa utyando lokususa ithumba okanye i-biopsy:
- Ukuba utshaya okanye usengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza.
- Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla.
- Ukuba uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kokuba usenokuba ngumhlaza.
- Ukuba ithumba liyaqhubeka nokukhula.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Xa ujonga ithumba, okanye ngokubanzi, ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu zilandelayo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukuba ukhwehlela ngokutsha, ukuba ukukhwehlela kwakho okukhoyo kuya kuba mandundu, okanye ukuba ukhwehlela igazi.
- Ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezintsha ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci, umkhuhlane, ukubanda, okanye iintlungu zesifuba.
- Ukuba ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kweekhilogram ezi-5 (iikhilogram ezili-10) zobunzima bomzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho
Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo emininzi xa ufumanisa ngemeko efana nale. Musa ukoyika okanye ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo.
- Wazi njani ukuba ndinethumba emphungeni wam?
- Ungaqiniseka njani ukuba eli thumba alinamhlaza?
- Loluphi uhlobo lwethumba elingelona umhlaza endinalo?
- Ngaba kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo?
- Ngaba ndifuna unyango?
- Kufuneka ndize kangaphi ukuze ndilandelelwe?
- Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nogqirha wezifo zamaphaphu?
Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika xa usiva ukuba "unendawo emphungeni wakho." Kuqhelekile nokuba ukhathazeke ngayo. Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwamaqhuqhuva amancinci awanalo umhlaza. Nokuba ngawona mabi kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba ngumhlaza, adla ngokuba ngamanqanaba okuqala. Ngoko ke amathuba okufumana unyango olupheleleyo aphezulu ngonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Musa ukoyika xa usiva igama elithi "ithumba." Uninzi lweethumba ezikwimiphunga azinabungozi kwaye azinabungozi.
- Uninzi lwezi thumba zingengomhlaza azibangeli zimpawu. Zidla ngokufunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo oluqhelekileyo.
- Ugqirha wakho uhlala ejonga ithumba ngokuyalela ii-CT scans okanye ii-X-ray rhoqo.
- Ungaphoswa ziintlanganiso zokulandelelana nogqirha wakho. Zibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yakho.
- Ukuba uyatshaya, ukuyeka ukutshaya yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kwimiphunga yakho.
- Ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu ezifana nokukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumla, iintlungu esifubeni, okanye ukukhwehlela igazi, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
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