Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe okanye udiniwe? Okanye ngaba wakha wacelwa ngugqirha ukuba abeke i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho aze athi, "Mmm... Ndiva isandi esingaqhelekanga (ukumbombozela) sivela entliziyweni yakho"? Isizathu soku singaba lutshintsho oluncinci entliziyweni yakho owazalwa unalo. Ungakhathazeki, namhlanje sithetha ngemeko eqhelekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiBicuspid Aortic Valve.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le Bicuspid Aortic Valve?
Kulungile, masiqonde oku ngale ndlela. Kukho iivalvu ezine eziphambili entliziyweni yethu. Ezi zifana namasango avuleka kwicala elinye kuphela. Kula, leyo ithumela igazi kwi-aorta, umthambo wegazi oyintloko othwala igazi elineoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke, ibizwa ngokuba yi-aortic valve. Ngokwesiqhelo, kumntu ophilileyo, le valve ye-aortic ineeflaphu ezintathu ezincinci (ii-cusps okanye amaphecana). Ezi flaphu zintathu zivuleka kwaye zivalwe ngendlela ehlelekileyo ukulawula ukuhamba kwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, kumntu onesifo esibizwa ngokuba
yi-bicuspid aortic valve, le valve
ineeflaphu ezimbini endaweni yezintathu . Le yimeko yokuzalwa. Ngoko ke, ekubeni kukho iiflaphu ezimbini kuphela, le valve inokuba nobunzima bokuvula nokuvala ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezimbini eziphambili: 1.
I-Aortic Stenosis (ukuncitshiswa kwevalvu): Ngenxa yokuba ivalvu ayivuli ngokufanelekileyo, kukho indawo encinci kuphela yokuba intliziyo ipompe igazi emzimbeni. Oku kwenza intliziyo isebenze nzima. 2.
Ukubuyela kwe-Aortic (ukuphuma kwegazi kwakhona): Ngenxa yokuba ivalvu ayivali kakuhle, inxalenye yegazi elimpontshelwa emzimbeni iphinda ibuyele entliziyweni. Usenokungabi nazimpawu kangangeminyaka. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, olu xinzelelo longezelelweyo lunokubangela iingxaki entliziyweni yakho.
Ibaluleke kangakanani le meko?
Ayingomntu wonke oneBicuspid Aortic Valve oza kuba neengxaki ezinkulu. Kodwa malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu uza kuba neengxaki ngokuhamba kwexesha. Yiyo loo nto
kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo kwaye uvavanywe ngugqirha ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba unale meko. Ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga njengoko unokucinga. Ichaphazela i-1% ukuya kwi-2% yabemi behlabathi. Ikwaxhaphake kabini kumadoda kunakwabasetyhini. Abantu abaneemeko ezithile zemfuza, ezifana neTurner syndrome, nabo basengozini enkulu. Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ngobuchwepheshe bezonyango obuphambili banamhlanje, unokuyibona le meko kunye notshintsho lwayo oluncinci ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele iimpawu. Kwaye ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obupheleleyo, obusempilweni, nobude.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu kangangeminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umsebenzi wevalvu usiya usiba mandundu, iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala. Kubantwana abancinci nakwiintsana, ukuba imeko imbi kakhulu, iimpawu ezifana nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/ongwevu wolusu (`
cyanosis` ) kunye nobunzima bokutya okanye ukutyeba zinokubonakala emva nje kokuzalwa. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonwa kubantu abadala zezi:
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|
| Ukudinwa | Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo: ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu nangona sele wenze umsebenzi omncinci. |
| Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki | Ukuziva uxinezelekile ngenxa yokuba intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima. |
| Ukuba nesiyezi okanye ukuquleka . | Inokwenzeka xa ingqondo ingafumani igazi elaneleyo. |
| Ukubetha kwentliziyo (ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza) | Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga okanye okukhawulezayo. |
| Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo | Ukuphefumla kancinci, ingakumbi xa usenza umthambo okanye uhamba. |
Ungazama into encinci. Thelekisa ubungakanani bomsebenzi onokuwenza ngosuku lwanamhlanje nobungakanani bomsebenzi owawenza kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo. Ngaba uziva udiniwe ngokukhawuleza ngoku? Ngaba udinga ixesha elingakumbi lokuphumla? Ukuba kunjalo, oko kungaba luphawu lokuba intliziyo yakho isebenza nzima. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga naluphi na utshintsho olufana nolu.
Yintoni ebangela oku? Ingaba kukufuzwa ngelifa?
Isizathu esichanekileyo sale 'valvu ye-Aortic' asikafunyanwa. Oku kwenzeka xa intliziyo yesisu ikhula kwisigaba sokuqala sokukhulelwa. Le meko
inokungena kwiintsapho ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile (eliyimfuza) . Oko kukuthi, ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho olusondeleyo (umama, utata, umntakwenu, umntwana) unale meko, nawe unokuba nomngcipheko othile. Ke ngoko, ukuba nabani na kusapho lwakho unesifo sevalvu yentliziyo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngaso. Emva koko, ukuba uyafuna, unokuvavanywa.
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?
Ukuba ayinyangwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, iingxaki ezinkulu zinokubakho.
- Ukusilela kwentliziyo: Ukuncitshiswa kwevalvu (stenosis) kubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima. Oku kunokubangela ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo ziqine kwaye zikhule, ekugqibeleni zenze ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Izinto ezifana nokutshaya kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu zinokukhawulezisa le nkqubo.
- Ukuqhekeka nokuqhekeka kwe-aortic aneurysm : Malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu one-bicuspid aortic valve usengozini ye-aorta, umthambo omkhulu ongaphezulu kwe-valve, okhula. Njengebhaluni evuthelwa kakhulu, iindonga zalo mthambo wegazi ziyabuthathaka kwaye ziqale ukudumba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-aortic aneurysm. Ukuba iba nkulu kakhulu, ingaqhuma ngequbuliso (iqhekeke) okanye ikrazuke (iqhekeke). Le yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi efuna unyango olukhawulezileyo .
Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo?
Rhoqo, ugqirha uqala ngokurhanela ukurhawuzelelwa kwentliziyo xa esiva isandi esingaqhelekanga ('ukurhawuzelelwa kwentliziyo') ngelixa emamele isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope. Emva koko, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zokujonga ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo yakho. Uvavanyo oluphambili zezi:
- I-Echocardiogram (i-echo): Olu luvavanyo lwe-ultrasound lwentliziyo. Lunokulibona ngokucacileyo inani lamaphecana kwivalvu, indlela asebenza ngayo, kunye nokuba kukho ukuvuza okanye ukuncitshiswa.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso yentliziyo kunye ne-aorta enamacala amathathu.
- I-MRI yeNtliziyo (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yentliziyo kunye neevalvu.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango?
Nangona amanye amayeza, anjenge-beta-blockers, enokunceda ukulawula iimpawu, awanakunyanga ngokupheleleyo ingxaki yevalvu. Malunga nabantu abane kwabahlanu abaneBicuspid Aortic Valve baya kufuna utyando ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Utyando
lunokulungisa ivalvu yakho okanye
luyitshintshe ngentsha. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuxoxa nawe ngonyango olungcono kuwe, ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho, ubudala, kunye nempilo iyonke.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza utyando ngexesha elifanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo ongunaphakade entliziyweni. Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa utyando ukuze kuthintelwe iingxaki ezizayo.
Iintlobo zotyando
Ukulungiswa kweValve yeAortic Ukutshintshwa kweValve yeAortic
| Uhlobo lotyando | Inkcazo |
|---|
| Indlela | Ngaphandle kokususa ivalvu yakho, ungayitshintsha uze uyilungise ukuze i-flap ivale kakuhle. Oku kudla ngokufaneleka kwiimeko apho igazi livuza khona (`regurgitation`). |
| Indlela | Ivalvu eyonakeleyo kangangokuba ayilungiseki iyasuswa ize ithatyathelwe indawo yivalvu entsha. |
| Iintlobo ezintsha zeevalvu | - Iivalvu zebhayoloji: Ezi ziivalvu ezenziwe ngezicubu zentliziyo yehagu okanye yenkomo. Zihlala iminyaka eli-10-15. Kusenokufuneka utyando kwakhona. Akukho mfuneko yokuqhubeka nokuthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi .
- Iivalvu zoomatshini: Ezi ziivalvu zesinyithi ezenziwe ngokwenziwa. Zihlala ubomi bonke. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa igazi ubomi bakho bonke ukuze uthintele ukuqhekeka kwegazi.
|
Kule mihla, endaweni yotyando lwentliziyo oluqhelekileyo, kukho iindlela zanamhlanje ezifana notyando olungena emzimbeni oluncinci kunye ne-TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement), ethatha indawo yevalvu ngemithambo yegazi. Ezi ndlela zinexesha elifutshane lokuchacha.
Injani imeko yokuchacha kunye nekamva?
Ama-98% abantu abenza utyando lwevalvu bayachacha ngempumelelo, kwaye ixesha labo lokuphila alichaphazeleki. Oku kuthetha ukuba
nokuba unesifo seBicuspid Aortic Valve, ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lwezonyango, ungaphila ubomi obude nobunempilo njengaye nabani na. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuya kwiindibano zakho zokulandelela rhoqo nogqirha wakho. Emva kotyando, kufuneka uye kuhlolwa ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
Kunini apho kufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza? (Kunini apho kufuneka uye kwi-ETU)
Iimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm ziyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu,
fowunela u-911 ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane i-ambulensi okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.- Intlungu ebuhlungu, ekhawulezileyo, ekrazulayo esifubeni okanye emqolo.
- Ulusu olunamathelayo nolubilayo.
- Isiyezi.
- Ukuquleka.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo.
- Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
- Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve sisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso esingaqhelekanga njengoko unokucinga. Kule meko, i-valve ephambili yentliziyo inamaphecana amabini endaweni yamathathu.
- Abantu abaninzi ababi nazimpawu kangangeminyaka. Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukudinwa, isicaphucaphu, kunye nentlungu yesifuba.
- Le meko inokubangela ukucutheka kwevalvu (stenosis) okanye ukuvuza kwegazi (regurgitation).
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango (ingakumbi i-echocardiogram) kubalulekile. Oku kunokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibangele umonakalo kwintliziyo.
- Kukho unyango oluphumelelayo lotyando. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obude nobusempilweni ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onale meko, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngayo.
I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve, Isifo seValve yeNtliziyo, i-Aortic Stenosis, i-Aortic Regurgitation, utyando lwentliziyo, iintlungu zesifuba, ukuphefumla okufutshane
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