Ngaba nawe unomahluko omncinci kwivalvu yentliziyo yakho? Masithethe ngeValve yeBicuspid Aortic!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngamasango amancinci angaphakathi entliziyweni yakho? Sisenokungacingi nokuba abaluleke kangakanani kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Kodwa, ngamanye amaxesha siza kweli hlabathi sineenguqu ezincinci kula masango amancinci, oko kukuthi, iivalvu zentliziyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesinye isifo sentliziyo esikhethekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiBicuspid Aortic Valve Disease . Musa ukoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi oku.

Yintoni le valve ye-aortic ye-bicuspid? Ngamafutshane...

Cinga ngentliziyo yakho njengempompo yamanzi. Le mpompo ipompa igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini emzimbeni wakho wonke. Kukho isango elibaluleke kakhulu apho igazi liphuma entliziyweni liye kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu emzimbeni, i-aorta. Eli sango silibiza ngokuba yi-aortic valve .

Ngokwesiqhelo, kumntu ophilileyo, ivalvu ye-aortic ineenxalenye ezintathu, okanye iiflaps, ezifana namagqabi amathathu emnyango. Ezi flaps zintathu zivuleka kwaye zivaleke kakuhle ukuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe kwicala elinye kuphela - ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya kwi-aorta. Ezi flaps zithintela igazi ukuba libuyele entliziyweni.

Nangona kunjalo, umntu one-'Bicuspid Aortic Valve' une -cusps ezimbini kwi-'Aortic Valve'. 'Bi'' ithetha `ezimbini'' kwaye `cuspid'' ithetha `incwadana''. Ngoko ke, eli gama livela kwinto yokuba kukho ii-cusps ezimbini. Le yimeko 'yokuzalwa'' , oko kuthetha ukuba ikhona ngexesha lokuzalwa.

Khawucinge nje, bekuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ucango belunamagqabi amabini endaweni yamathathu? Mhlawumbi ucango belungavuleki kakuhle, okanye mhlawumbi belungavaleki kakuhle. Yiloo nto eyenzekayo kule valve.

• Ukuba ivalvu ayivuleki kakuhle: Kuba nzima ukuba igazi lihambe phambili, oko kukuthi, liye kwi-aorta. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -'Aortic Stenosis' , nto leyo ethetha nje ukucutheka kwevalvu.
• Ukuba ivalvu ayivali kakuhle: Igazi liphinda lingene entliziyweni lisuka kwi-aorta. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-aortic regurgitation , oko kuthetha ukuba igazi liphinda liphume ngevalvu.

Usenokuba sele unale `Aortic Stenosis` okanye `Aortic Regurgitation` iminyaka emininzi, kwaye usenokungazi ngayo. Usenokungabonakalisi zimpawu. Kuba i-`Aortic Valve` yakho yenza umsebenzi wayo kakuhle kangangoko inako. Nangona kunjalo, ayisebenzi kakuhle njengevalvu enamaphecana amathathu.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le valve i-bicuspid ibangela ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenze nzima . Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu.Inokwenzeka. Nangona kunokuba nzima ukuyamkela le nyaniso, ukufunda ngale meko kuya kukunceda uyiqonde ngcono.

Kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba ne-bicuspid aortic valve?

Ayinguye wonke umntu one-bicuspid aortic valve oya kuba neengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu uya kuba neengxaki. Ezi ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye zibeke ubomi esichengeni . Yiyo loo nto abantu abafunyaniswe benesifo se-bicuspid aortic valve kufuneka baqhubeke besenza uvavanyo lwezonyango kunye nokulandelela.

Le meko ichaphazela phakathi kwe-1% kunye ne-2% yoluntu ngokubanzi. Ixhaphake kabini kumadoda kunakwabasetyhini. Abantu abane-Turner syndrome nabo basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa lolu hlobo lwesifo sentliziyo , ingakumbi i-bicuspid regurgitation.

Rhoqo, usenokungaziboni iimpawu de isifo sibe sihambele phambili kakhulu okanye kubekho imeko engxamisekileyo yezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lomfanekiso lunokubona utshintsho oluncinci ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele iimpawu. Kwaye ukuhambela phambili kunyango kunokukunceda uphile ubomi obude nobunempilo .

Zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, usenokungabi nazo iimpawu konke konke. Ungaphila iminyaka ungazi nokuba unolu tshintsho luncinci entliziyweni yakho. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, iimpawu ziya kuqala ukubonakala ngenxa ye-'Aortic Regurgitation' okanye i-'Aortic Stenosis'.

Abantwana abancinci neentsana:

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-aortic valve ebhicuspid, kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, iimpawu zinokuvela emva nje kokuzalwa. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, ezi mpawu azibonakali de kube kamva.

• Ulusu olukhanyayo okanye oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (iCyanosis)
• Ukungafuni ukutya, iingxaki zokufumana ubunzima

Iimpawu kubantu abadala:

• Ukuziva udiniwe (le yeyona mpawu ixhaphakileyo)
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla , ingakumbi ngexesha lomsebenzi

Abantu abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba bane-bicuspid aortic valve emva kovavanyo lwezonyango. Oku kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zinokungabonwa lula. Usapho lwakho okanye abahlobo bakho banokubona umahluko kuwe ngaphambi kokuba wenze njalo.

Cinga ngobungakanani bomsebenzi onokuwenza ngosuku oluqhelekileyo. Thelekisa loo msebenzi nobungakanani obuwenze kunyaka ophelileyo, okanye kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezidlulileyo. Ngaba udinwa lula ngoku? Ngaba udinga ixesha elingakumbi lokuphumla? Ukuba kunjalo, oko kungathetha ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenza nzima ukuze umsebenzi ugqitywe.

Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina amadinga akho kagqirha . Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga naluphi na utshintsho olubonayo kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Yintoni ebangela ivalvu ye-aortic ye-bicuspid?

Abaphandi abakafumani unobangela ochanekileyo we-bicuspid aortic valve. Nangona kunjalo, le yeyona ngxaki yentliziyo ezalwa nayo . Ivela kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa .

Ingaba le yinto evela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?

Kubonakala ngathi kunokwenzeka, kodwa abaphandi abakaqondi ngokupheleleyo iinkcukacha.

I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve inokusebenza kwiintsapho. Ukuba isalamane sakho segazi esisondeleyo (umzali, umntwana, umnakwenu/udadewenu) sinale ngxaki yentliziyo, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokucebisa uvavanyo oluthile ukujonga ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo yakho .

Ukuba une-aortic valve ene-bicuspid kwaye uceba ukukhulelwa, thetha nogqirha wakho. Nangona le meko ingenakuthintelwa, ungajonga ukukhulelwa kwakho kwaye uzame ukubona naziphi na iingxaki kwangethuba .

Zithini iingxaki zale meko?

Ukuba ayinyangwa, iBicuspid Aortic Valve Disease ingakhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Ukusilela kwentliziyo: Kwimeko ye-aortic stenosis, apho ivalvu iba mxinwa, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima kakhulu ukupompa igazi. Igumbi eliphambili lokupompa lentliziyo, i-ventricle yasekhohlo, liyaqina kwaye libe likhulu. Alikwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kunokukhokelela ekusileleni kwentliziyo. Le nkqubo inokukhawuleziswa ukuba kukho ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, ezifana nokutshaya kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukwaphuka kwe-Aortic Aneurysm kunye nokuqhekeka kwe-Aortic:Malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu one-aortic valve ene-bicuspid unokuba ne-aorta evulekileyo, okanye ekhulisiweyo, ngaphezulu kwe-valve. Njengoko i-aorta ikhula, iindonga zayo zilahlekelwa ngamandla kwaye zitshintshe imo. Ekugqibeleni, oku kunokukhokelela kwi-aortic aneurysm, i-bulge efana nebhaluni eludongeni lwe-aorta. Ukuba le aneurysm iba nkulu kakhulu, inokuqhekeka okanye ikrazule udonga (i-aortic dissection) . Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo ezisongela ubomi .

Ifunyanwa njani iBicuspid Aortic Valve?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha unokuxilonga esi sifo ngexesha le-cardiac prenatal ultrasound ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-bicuspid aortic valve ifunyanwa ngexesha lovavanyo olwenziwe xa umntwana efumana iimpawu ngenxa yesinye isifo sentliziyo.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bachitha iminyaka bengazi ukuba banale meko. Uphawu lokuqala lusenokuba kukugquma kwentliziyo , isandi esingaqhelekanga entliziyweni esiviwa ngugqirha wakho nge-stethoscope. Emva koko, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lwemifanekiso ukujonga ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukufumanisa oku?

Ugqirha wakho angahlola intliziyo yakho aze enze olu vavanyo ukuze abone ukuba unayo na i-aortic valve ene-bicuspid:

• I-Echocardiogram (Echocardiogram - echo) : Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone imifanekiso ephilayo yentliziyo.
• Ii-CT scans (ii-Computed Tomography scans) : Oku kuthatha imifanekiso yentliziyo enqamlezileyo.
• `I-MRI yeNtliziyo` (Umfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance) : Oku kunokufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zentliziyo.

Banokukuthumela kuvavanyo lwemfuza .

Iphathwa njani iBicuspid Aortic Valve?

Amayeza anjenge-beta-blockers kunye ne-diuretics anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu. Kodwa awayinyangi ngokupheleleyo le meko . Malunga nabantu abane kwabahlanu abaneBicuspid Aortic Valve Disease baya kufuna utyando ukuze bayinyange. Ugqirha wakho uza kulungisa i-aortic valve yakho okanye afake i-valve entsha . Banokulungisa nezinye iingxaki, ezifana ne-aneurysm, ngexesha lotyando olufanayo.

Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya imeko yakho, enze uvavanyo oluthile, aze axoxe nawe ngeendlela zonyango lwakho. Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yevalvu yakho ye-aorta kunye ne-aorta. Baza kuqwalasela nempilo yentliziyo yakho iyonke, ubudala, kunye nezinye iimeko zonyango.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwenza utyando ngokukhawuleza, ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umonakalo ongapheliyo entliziyweni. Nokuba awunazo iimpawu, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukunyanga ingxaki ngoku ukuthintela iingxaki ezizayo. Ixesha elifanelekileyo lahlukile kuye wonke umntu. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuxoxa nawe ngeendlela onokukhetha kuzo.

Ubuchwepheshe obutsha buphucule iziphumo kwaye bunciphise iingxaki. Abantu abaninzi ngoku banokusebenzisa iindlela ezingafunekiyo kakhulu endaweni yotyando lwentliziyo oluvulekileyo .

Umahluko phakathi kotyando lwe-aortic valve yendabuko kunye notyando olungenasithintelo kangako

• Utyando lwe-aortic valve yesintu (evulekileyo entliziyweni): Oku kubandakanya ukwenza ukusika okungange-intshi ezi-6-8 phakathi kwesifuba, ecaleni kwe-sternum. Ugqirha wotyando wahlula i-sternum ibe zimbini ukuze afikelele entliziyweni ngokuthe ngqo.
• Utyando lwevalvu ye-aortic olungenamsebenzi kangako: Oku kuquka ukwenza utyando oluncinci, olufana no-"J" olumalunga ne-2-4 intshi ubude. Olu tyando lunokwenziwa phezulu kwethambo lesifuba okanye phakathi kweembambo. Ugqirha akadingi ukuvula isifuba sonke. Le ndlela inciphisa ukopha, ivumela ukuhlala esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inokunciphisa ixesha lokuchacha.

Ukulungiswa kweValve yeAortic okanye ukuTshintshwa kweValve yeAortic?

• Ukulungiswa kweValve ye-Aortic: Le yinkqubo elungisa ivalve yakho ngaphandle kokuyitshintsha. Le yindlela elungileyo kubantu abane-aortic regurgitation (igazi eliphuma kwivalve). Nangona kunjalo, ayinakunyanga i-aortic stenosis (ukuncitshiswa kwevalve). Oogqirha banokwenza le nkqubo ingena kakhulu ngokusebenzisa i-"J". Ugqirha uphinda abumbe amaphecana evalve yakho ye-aortic ukuze awancede avuleke aze avaleke kakuhle.

• Ukutshintshwa kweValve ye-Aortic: Oku kuquka ukususa ivalve yakho engenakulungiswa uze uyitshintshe ngentsha. Oogqirha botyando banokutshintsha ivalve yakho nokuba ngotyando oluvulekileyo lwendabuko okanye ngenkqubo encinci ebizwa ngokuba yiTranscatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) .

Ivalvu entsha oza kufakelwa yona isenokuba 'yivalvu yebhayoloji' okanye 'yivalvu yoomatshini' .

• `Ivalvu yebhayoloji`:Oogqirha basebenzisa olu hlobo lwevalvu amaxesha angama-80%. Le valve yenziwe ngezicubu zeehagu okanye iinkomo. Ikhuselekile kwaye ihlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka eli-10, kusenokufuneka wenze olunye utyando lokutshintsha ivalvu.
• Ivalvu yoomatshini: Le valve yokwenziwa ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ingahlala ubomi bakho bonke. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze isebenze kakuhle, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okunciphisa igazi ubomi bakho bonke .

Abantu abaninzi bakhetha ivalvu yebhayoloji kuba akufuneki bathathe amayeza okunciphisa igazi. Kodwa kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho, ezinye iimeko zempilo, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe ngezi ndlela aze akuncede ukhethe eyona ikulungeleyo.

Olunye ukhetho lokutshintsha ivalvu yinkqubo kaRoss (ekwaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokutshintsha) . Oku kubandakanya ukuthatha ivalvu yakho yepulmonary uze uyitshintshe ngevalvu yakho ye-aortic. Olu lukhetho olufanelekileyo ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala kwaye ufuna ukuphepha ukuthatha amayeza okunciphisa igazi ixesha elide.

Iingxaki zonyango

Ngokubanzi, umngcipheko weengxaki ezivela kutyando lwevalvu uphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, iingozi ezinokubakho zingabandakanya:

• Iintsholongwane
• Ukopha
• Amahlwili egazi
• Istroke
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
• Ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo `(Arrhythmia)` (okwethutyana)
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso (okwethutyana)

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha kolu nyango?

Utyando lokutshintsha i-Aortic Valve lunokuthatha malunga neenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ukuze luphile ngokupheleleyo. Utyando lokulungisa i-Aortic Valve lunokuthatha malunga nenyanga enye ukuya kwezimbini ukuze luphile ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaba ivalvu ye-aortic ye-bicuspid ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ivalvu ye-aortic ye-bicuspid. Yinto yokuzalwa , oko kuthetha ukuba uzalwa nayo. Nangona kunjalo, ungenza utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo olunokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana ezinye izifo zentliziyo, ezifana ne-atherosclerosis kunye nesifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Ukuba unevalvu ye-aortic ye-bicuspid, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokulawula izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Ezi ziquka:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)
• I-cholesterol ephezulu `(i-Hyperlipidemia)`
• Isifo seswekile
• Izinto ezichaphazela indlela yokuphila ezifana neemveliso zecuba kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala

Ukuba ndine-aortic valve ene-bicuspid, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Malunga nama-98% abantu abenza utyando lwevalvu baphila ngaphandle kwempembelelo kubomi babo. Ukuba unevalvu ye-aortic ene-bicuspid, ungaphila ixesha elide njengomntu ongenalo le meko.Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ulandelelwe rhoqo kwaye uvavanywe ngugqirha wakho. Ugqirha wakho uya kujonga ivalvu yakho aze aqinisekise ukuba ufumana unyango xa kufuneka. Unyango lubalulekile ukuthintela iingxaki.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ngevalvu ye-aortic ye-bicuspid, ungenza izinto ezininzi ozithandayo. Kuya kufuneka wenze utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo ukuze intliziyo yakho ihlale isempilweni kwaye unciphise uxinzelelo entliziyweni yakho. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukutya ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo.
• Kunciphisa kakhulu ubuninzi besodium (ityuwa) oyityayo.
• Ukuphepha ukwenza umthambo omninzi.

Kuya kufuneka udibane nogqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze ujonge ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenza njani. Ukuba ukhe watyandwa, uya kulandelwa emva kweeveki ezimbini, iinyanga ezintathu, kunye neenyanga ezintandathu. Emva koko, uya kuba nedibano rhoqo ngonyaka. Ezi dibano zibalulekile ukuze uhlale usempilweni kwaye zijonge iivalvu zakho ukuze kubonwe iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zibe nkulu.

Kunini apho kufuneka ndikhathazeke khona nge-bicuspid aortic valve?

Ufanele ukhathazeke nge-bicuspid aortic valve xa iqala ukuphazamisana nokusebenza kwentliziyo yakho. Isifo se-bicuspid aortic valve sinokubangela i-aortic stenosis kunye nokubuyela kwemisipha. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi ngxaki zinokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade entliziyweni.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha wam?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi kwintlanganiso. Ukuba ukhe watyandwa, kuza kubakho ulandelelwano oluninzi kunyaka wokuqala uze emva koko ube mnye qho ngonyaka emva koko.

Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oneengxaki zevalvu yentliziyo, kodwa awukafumani zimpawu, ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kwingcali yentliziyo . Ingcali yakho yentliziyo ingakuvavanya isifo sentliziyo aze akunike iingcebiso.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-aneurysm ephukileyo okanye ukuqhekeka kwemithambo , fowunela u-911 (okanye inombolo yakho yongxamiseko yasekuhlaleni) ngoko nangoko :

• Intlungu ebukhali, ebukhali, nehlabayo esifubeni okanye emqolo
• Ulusu luvakala luncamathela kwaye lubila
• Isiyezi
• Isiyezi
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nifunyaniswe ukuba nine-aortic valve ye-bicuspid, thethani nogqirha wenu malunga nesifo sentliziyo yenu kunye nokuba nifuna unyango na. Eminye imibuzo onokuyibuza ibandakanya:

• Ngaba utyando luyimfuneko?
• Ungacebisa utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu zokopha okanye ukuncitshiswa kwe-aorta?
• Iza kuba njani inkqubo yokuphiliswa?
• Zeziphi iimpawu okanye iingxaki ekufuneka ndiziqaphele ekhaya?
• Zeziphi izinto ezinokuba yingozi?
• Ndingawunciphisa njani umngcipheko womntwana wam wesifo sentliziyo kwixesha elizayo?
• Ngaba unazo izixhobo ezinokundinceda ndichazele umntwana wam ngolu xilongo?

Ukujongana ne-bicuspid aortic valve kunokuba nzima kwaye kunokuphakamisa imibuzo emininzi. Khumbula, oogqirha kunye noogqirha balapha ukukunceda wena okanye umntwana wakho nihlale niphilile kwaye ninamandla. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nisandula ukufunyanwa ninesi simo, zinike ixesha lokufunda ngakumbi ngale meko. Thetha nogqirha wakho kwaye ufumane ulwazi olufunayo ukuze uzive ungcono malunga nokulawula le meko. Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba baneteknoloji yokubamba nokunyanga iingxaki kwangethuba.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ivalvu ye-aortic ye-bicuspid yimeko yokuzalwa enokulawulwa. Musa ukoyika, kodwa qaphela.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo, uhlolwe ngexesha, kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni. Awuwedwa, kukho oogqirha abanokukunceda. Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukuncede ukuba uqonde ngcono le meko.

Ivalvu yentliziyo yeBicuspid , ivalvu ye-aortic, isifo sentliziyo, iziphene zentliziyo zokuzalwa, utyando lwentliziyo, i-aortic stenosis, ukubuyiselwa kwe-aortic