Kunzima ukuchaza imibuzo, uloyiko, kunye namaxhala afika engqondweni xa umntu efunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ukhe waba namava afanayo, mhlawumbi ukhe weva igama elithi "Stage" xa uthetha nogqirha wakho. Xa usiva izinto ezinje "Le yiStage II," "Inzima kancinci kuba yiStage IV," kunokuba nzima ukuqonda ukuba la manani noonobumba bathetha ukuthini. Kodwa ungoyiki. Oku kwenzelwe ukuchaza oku ngendlela onokuyiqonda, ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Yintoni kanye kanye inqanaba lomhlaza?
Ngamafutshane, inqanaba lomhlaza yindlela yokulinganisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wakho kwaye unzima kangakanani. Njengokuba sisebenzisa imaphu ukufumana indlela yethu xa siseluhambeni, le mephu ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Stage' inceda oogqirha ukuba bacebe unyango olungcono lomhlaza wakho.
Iingcali zomhlaza zisebenzisa le ndlela ukuxilonga izifo, ukucwangcisa unyango, kunye nokulinganisa ukusebenza kwezo ndlela zonyango.
Musa ukuvumela la manani noonobumba bakoyikise. Le yindlela yesayensi yokunceda oogqirha bakunike unyango olungcono. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela oku ngokweenkcukacha.
Kutheni le nto eli nqanaba libaluleke kangaka koogqirha?
Ukunyanga umhlaza kufana nomdlalo weqela. Asingogqirha omnye kuphela, kodwa abantu abaninzi bathanda oogqirha botyando, oogqirha bomhlaza, kunye neengcali zemitha ezisebenzisanayo. Ngoko ke wonke umntu udinga ulwimi olufanayo ukuze aqonde imeko yomhlaza ngendlela efanayo. Elo lwimi luqhelekileyo yiStaging System .
Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zokuba oku kubalulekile:
- Khetha unyango olungcono: Inqanaba lomhlaza limisela ukuba kuya kusetyenziswa utyando, i-chemotherapy, i-radiation, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zinto. Unyango olunikwa umhlaza weSigaba soku-1 alufani nonyango olunikwa umhlaza weSigaba sesi-4.
- Fumana umbono wekamva: Ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza, kunye nohlobo lomhlaza, oogqirha banokufumana umbono ocacileyo ngamathuba esigulana okuchacha kunye nokuba unyango luya kufuneka ixesha elingakanani.
- Ukulungeleka kweqela lezonyango: Xa omnye ugqirha exelela omnye ugqirha ngesigulana aze athi "Umhlaza webele weSigaba IIIB," ugqirha omameleyo unokufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo wemeko yesigulana.
- Uncedo lophando olutsha:Le ndlela iluncedo kakhulu koososayensi abaphanda umhlaza kwihlabathi liphela, bethelekisa iziphumo zonyango lwezigulane ezinohlobo olufanayo kwaye ngaxeshanye, kwaye befumana amayeza amatsha asebenzayo ngakumbi.
Inqanaba lalo mhlaza lichongwa njani?
Xa oogqirha befumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza, bagxila kwizinto ezintathu eziphambili:
1. Ubungakanani bethumba kunye nokukhula kwalo: Lingakanani ithumba? Lisasazeke kangakanani kwizicwili ezingqongileyo?
2. Indawo yethumba: Ingaba umhlaza ulapho waqala khona?
3. Ukusasazeka: Ngaba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwendawo oqale kuyo, ukuya kwi-lymph nodes ezikufutshane okanye kwezinye izitho ezikude emzimbeni?
Siza kuthetha ngeemvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ezi zinto kamva. Ngoku makhe sijonge iindlela eziphambili ezihlelwa ngazo ezi meko.
Amanqanaba omhlaza ngamanani (Amanqanaba 0-IV)
Uninzi lwee-tumor eziqinileyo zihlelwa kusetyenziswa amanani ukusuka kwi-zero ukuya kwi-4. Makhe sijonge nganye nganye ngokulula.
| Iqonga | Intsingiselo nje |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba 0 | Oku kunokuthiwa yimeko 'yangaphambi komhlaza'. Apha, kukho iiseli ezingaqhelekanga. Kodwa ezo seli azikasasazeki ngaphaya kwendawo eziqale kuyo. Kufana nembewu engekahlumi, kodwa enokuhluma. Ukuba ifunyenwe kweli nqanaba , inokuhlala inyangeka ngokupheleleyo. |
| Inqanaba loku-1 (Inqanaba loku-1) | Umhlaza usasazekile, kodwa ithumba lincinci . Kwaye lilinganiselwe apho liqale khona. Alisasazeki kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane okanye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. |
| Inqanaba lesiBini (Inqanaba lesi-2) | Ithumba likhulu kancinci kunangaphambili.Mhlawumbi iintwala ezikufutshane zisasazeke kwenye okanye ezimbini, okanye zisenokunyamalala. Kodwa azisasazeki kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 (Inqanaba lesi-3) | Ithumba liye lakhula laza langena kwizicwili ezijikelezileyo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba liye lasasazeka nakwii-lymph nodes ezininzi ezikufutshane . Kodwa alikasasazeka nakwizitho ezikude (ezifana nesibindi okanye imiphunga). |
| Inqanaba lesi-4 (Inqanaba lesi-4) | Eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu . Umhlaza usasazeke (usasazeke) uye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kude nalapho waqala khona. Umzekelo, umhlaza webele ungasasazeka uye esibindini, emiphungeni, okanye ebuchotsheni. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza osasazekileyo . |
Zithetha ukuthini ezi nobumba u-A, u-B, kunye no-C?
Ngamanye amaxesha unokuva ugqirha wakho esithi "Isigaba IIA (2A)" okanye "Isigaba IIIB (3B)." Kulapho unobumba wongezwa khona kwinombolo ukuze kunikwe iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe malunga nesigaba somhlaza.
Ngokubanzi, phantsi kwenani elifanayo, unobumba u-A ubonisa uhlaselo olubanzi kancinci nolunganzima kangako. Njengoko oonobumba besiya phambili (B, C), ubunzima kunye nesantya ziyanda.
Umzekelo:
- Isigaba se-IIB sinzima ngakumbi kuneSigaba se-IIA.
- Kodwa iSigaba IIIA sinzima ngakumbi kuneSigaba IIB (kuba inani liyi-III).
Yintoni inkqubo ye-TNM?
Le yenye indlela yesayensi esetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela ukwahlulahlula amatyala omhlaza. Ilinganisa izinto ezintathu eziphambili esithethe ngazo ngaphambili.
| Ileta | Igama eliphelele | Oku kulinganisa ntoni? |
|---|---|---|
| T | Ithumba | Ubungakanani bethumba lomhlaza lokuqalaKwaye ilinganisa ukuba isasazeke kangakanani kwizicwili ezingqongileyo (umz. T1, T2, T3, T4 - okukhona inani liphezulu, kokukhona ithumba liba likhulu/linzulu). |
| N | I-Node | Ilinganisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ukuya kutsho kumlinganiselo ongakanani (umz., i-N0 - ayisasazekanga, i-N1, i-N2 - ukusasazeka okukhulu). |
| M | I-Metastasis (ukusasazeka kude) | Ilinganisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwizitho ezikude emzimbeni (umz. i-M0 - akukho kusasazeka kude, i-M1 - ukusasazeka kude). |
Ugqirha wakho uza kudibanisa amaxabiso e-T, N, kunye ne-M ukuze amisele inqanaba lakho lilonke (umz., iSigaba se-IIB). Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ye-TNM isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiithumba eziqinileyo, ezifana nomhlaza wamabele, wamaphaphu, kunye nowe-colon. Ezinye iinkqubo zokwahlulahlula zisetyenziselwa umhlaza wegazi, njenge-leukemia.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kuchongwe umngcipheko womhlaza?
Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuze bafumanise inqanaba lomhlaza wakho. Ezinye zezi ziquka:
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Oku kuthatha imifanekiso ye-three-dimensional (3D) yangaphakathi komzimba kwaye kunokubona ngokucacileyo ukuba umhlaza uphi, ukuba mkhulu kangakanani, nokuba usasazeke na kwizitho ezingqongileyo.
- I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography scan): Oku kujonga ikakhulu iiseli zomhlaza ezisasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba. Ekubeni iiseli zomhlaza zisebenza kakhulu, zinokubonwa lula kolu vavanyo.
- I-Endoscopy: Inkqubo apho kufakwa ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo emzimbeni (umz., esiswini, emathunjini) ukuze kuhlolwe umhlaza ngaphakathi.
- I-Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu leqhubu okanye izicubu ezikrokrelekayo liyasuswa ngotyando lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu. Olu vavanyo lugqiba ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ingaba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, loluphi uhlobo lomhlaza.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza zinokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu eeproteni ezikhethekileyo (iimpawu zethumba) egazini. Ukulinganisa ezi kunokunika umbono wobukhulu bethumba okanye umsebenzi womhlaza.
Ngaba inqanaba lam lomhlaza lingatshintsha kamva?
Lo ngumbuzo obalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba inqanaba liyatshintsha njengoko umhlaza usasazeka. Kodwa inyani yile, inani lenqanaba olinikwayo xa uxilongwa okokuqala alitshintshi.
Masiqonde ngomzekelo.
Khawuthelekelele umntu eqala ukufunyanwa enomhlaza webele weSigaba sesiBini . Ufumana lonke unyango olufunekayo. Kodwa emva kweminyaka embalwa, umhlaza usasazeke esibindini sakhe.
Emva koko oogqirha babengayi kubiza oku ngokuthi "umhlaza weSigaba sesi-4."
Ibizwa ngokuba " yiSigaba sesiBini somhlaza webele osasazeke esibindini (i-metastatic) ." Isigaba sakho sokuqala sisoloko sixelwa njalo. Emva koko utshintsho luchazwa ngokwahlukeneyo.
Kwakhona, ukuba akukho zimpawu zomhlaza ezifumanekayo emva konyango, loo meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -Complete Remission okanye i-NED (akukho bungqina besifo) .
Ukuphila nomhlaza akulula. Ukuva la manani, oonobumba, namagama kunokuba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa khumbula, konke oku kwenzelwa ukukunika unyango olungcono kakhulu. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye uloyiko onalo. Oko kuya kukunika amandla okuqhubeka nolu hambo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukulinganisa umhlaza yimephu elinganisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wakho kwaye inceda oogqirha ukuba bacwangcise unyango.
- Oku kuxhomekeka kakhulu kubungakanani bomhlaza, indawo okuyo, nokuba sele usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
- Amanqanaba ukusuka ku-0 ukuya ku-IV (Inqanaba 0 ukuya ku-IV) abonisa ubukhali bomhlaza, kwaye inqanaba lesi-IV lithathwa njengelona linzima kakhulu.
- Inkqubo ye-TNM yindlela eyamkelekileyo kwihlabathi liphela elinganisa ubungakanani bethumba (T), ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node (N), kunye nokusasazeka kwe-distance (M).
- Inombolo yesigaba osinikwe ekuqaleni ayitshintshi nokuba umhlaza usasazeka kamva okanye uyanyangeka.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nayo nayiphi na imibuzo, uloyiko, okanye amathandabuzo onawo malunga nomngcipheko wakho womhlaza okanye unyango.
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