Ngaba ukuziphatha kakubi komntwana wakho kuyinto eqhelekileyo? Okanye yi-ADHD? (Ingxaki yokungakwazi ukunikel’ ingqalelo)

Abantwana abancinci nabo abafani. Bayasokola xa becelwa ukuba bahlale esitulweni, babaleke xa becelwa ukuba bahambe, baze baqale ukudlala ngamathoyizi xa uzama ukuwabeka kude. Ezi zizinto eziqhelekileyo kakhulu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi ndlela zokuziphatha zingaphezulu nje kokuba zizinto ezingaqhelekanga, zinokuba luphawu lwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, okanye njengoko sonke sisazi, i-ADHD ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) . Ngoko ke siwazi njani umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini? Ngokujonga inqanaba lomntwana wakho lokuziphatha kakubi kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukugcina ingqalelo, sinokuqonda ukuba le yindlela eqhelekileyo yokuziphatha kumntwana okanye yimeko efuna inkxaso ekhethekileyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-ADHD.

Ngamafutshane, singabahlulahlula abantwana abane-ADHD kwiindidi ezintathu eziphambili.

• Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo /ngokungxama: Iimpawu eziphambili kukungqunga kakhulu kunye nokungakwazi ukulawula iminqweno.
• Ukungakhathali : Uphawu oluphambili kukungakwazi ukugxila.
• Ukudibana: Iimpawu zazo zombini ezi ntlobo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla zibonwa kunye.

Ngoku masithethe ngeentlobo nganye kwezi ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo

Kunzima ebantwaneni abancinci ukuhlala kwindawo enye. Banomdla kakhulu kwihlabathi. Kodwa ukuba umntwana wakho uhlala edlala, ebaleka, kwaye etsiba-tsiba ngendlela engahambelani nendawo akuyo okanye into ayenzayo, oko kungaba luphawu lokungakhathali.

Iimpawu zomntwana odlamkileyo kakhulu:

• Kwanangaphakathi endlwini, bayakhwaza, babaleka bejikeleza, baze badlale.
• Ukuhlala kwindawo enye, umzekelo xa usitya okanye ufunda, kunzima kakhulu.
• Bahlala bedlala ngezandla zabo nangeenyawo, besenza ingxolo ngeminwe yabo, kwaye bejikajika besiya phambili nangasemva.
• Ngenxa yokuba ihamba ngokukhawuleza, idla ngokungqubana nezinto kunye nabantu.
• Xa udlala, udla ngokudlala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nangokurhabaxa.
• Ukusoloko uthetha. Ukuphendula imibuzo ngaphambi kokuba igqitywe, ukuphazamisa abanye xa bethetha.
• Ndiba nomsindo ngokukhawuleza ngezinto ezincinci.

Nangona abantwana abancinci (abakwishumi elivisayo) benokuhlala kwindawo enye okwethutyana, ukuba bane-ADHD, baya kuba nzima ukuhlala esitulweni, okanye ukuzama ukwenza into ngezandla zabo.

Ukunqongophala kwengqwalasela (Zithini iimpawu zokungakhathali ?

Abantwana abancinci banomdla wokufumana ingqalelo omfutshane kunabantu abadala. Oku kuqhelekile. Njengoko bekhula, olu buchule luyanda kancinci kancinci. Kodwa ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokunika ingqalelo, unokubona iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Nento encinci ingakuphazamisa.
• Wakuba uqalile into ethile, uyakhawuleza ukukruquka yiyo.
• Kunzima kakhulu ukugcina izinto zakho kunye neencwadi zakho zihlelekile.
• Ngenxa yokungxama, ndihlala ndenza iimpazamo ezincinci.
• Badla ngokulahlekelwa zizinto zabo baze balibale apho bazibeke khona.
• Nangona bebonakala ngathi bayamamela xa bethetha, abamameli ngokwenene.
• Ukungagqibi umsebenzi wesikolo okanye imisebenzi emincinci.

Ukuziphatha okungxamisekileyo kunye nolawulo olubi lwempembelelo

Ukuzibamba kwabantwana kukhula ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neyi-6. Ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokulawula iminqweno yakhe, kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba:

• Ukwenza izinto ezingaqhelekanga ukuze ufumane ingqalelo yabanye abantu.
• Kunzima ukulandela imithetho.
• Inokuba nomsindo kancinci.
• Baziva bebuhlungu kakhulu kwaye becaphukile xa benza impazamo okanye xa umntu ebagxeka.
• Abaqondi ukuba amazwi okanye izenzo zabo zibachaphazela njani abanye.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho ngamanye amaxesha unokuhlala kwindawo enye, anikele ingqalelo, aze alawule iminqweno yakhe, oko kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo kuloo minyaka. Kodwa ukuba ezi zinto ziyingxaki ngalo lonke ixesha—ekhaya, esikolweni, nabahlobo, naphi na— kusenokuba yi-ADHD. I-ADHD yimeko eqhelekileyo. Kodwa kukho ezinye iingxaki zempilo ezinokubangela iimpawu ezifanayo.

• Ukuphazamiseka kokuva
• Ukukhubazeka kokufunda
• Ixhala okanye ukudakumba
• Iingxaki zokulala (umz., i-sleep apnea okanye ukungalali ngokwaneleyo)

Ungayixilonga njani i-ADHD? (Uvavanyo)

Akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni enye enokukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba une-ADHD. Ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo olupheleleyo. 1. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Umntwana uza kuvavanywa izinto ezifana nombono nokuva, aze akhangele ezinye izizathu zomzimba zezi mpawu. 2.Ukuqokelela ulwazi: Ugqirha uza kuthetha nawe kunye nootitshala bomntwana wakho. Uza kuhlaziya iirekhodi zesikolo zomntwana wakho kunye neerekhodi zempilo. 3. Izikali zovavanyo: Umfanekiso ocacileyo weendlela zokuziphatha komntwana wakho wenziwa ngemibuzo (izikali zovavanyo) abazali nootitshala abayizalisa. Kuphela emva kokuba konke oku kuhlanganisiwe apho ugqirha afikelela kwisigqibo sokuba umntwana unayo na i-ADHD.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Unyango ludla ngokubandakanya indibaniselwano yonyango lokuziphatha kunye namayeza .

Ulawulo lokuziphatha

Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-6 ubudala, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abazali bafumane uqeqesho lwabazali ekulawuleni ukuziphatha kwabo ngaphambi kokuba banike amayeza. Ingcali yezonyango ifundisa abazali indlela yokunceda umntwana wabo atshintshe ukuziphatha kwakhe, indlela yokugcina ingqeqesho, kunye nendlela yokukhuthaza.

Amayeza

Kubantwana abadala, unyango lokuziphatha ludla ngokudityaniswa namayeza. Ezi zezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili.

• Izinto ezivuselela ingqondo: Ezi zezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu. Zonyusa ingqalelo yengqondo kunye ne-dopamine yekhemikhali ekhuthazayo, elawula ngokukhawuleza iimpawu. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-methylphenidate kunye ne -amphetamine . Nangona kunjalo, zinokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nokulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya kunye nokungalali. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa la mayeza kuphela njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho kwaye kwidosi echanekileyo.

• Ezingezizo Izivuseleli: Ezi zisetyenziswa ukuba izivuseleli azisebenzi. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Atomoxetine kunye ne-Guanfacine. Ezi zithatha ixesha elide ukusebenza, kodwa iziphumo zazo zinokuhlala malunga neeyure ezingama-24.

Yintoni enye esinokuyenza njengabazali?

• Gxila kwizinto ezisempilweni: Abantwana abane-ADHD bathanda ukuthatha umngcipheko. Endaweni yokubatyhafisa, bafundise umahluko phakathi kweengozi ezilungileyo nezimbi. Umzekelo, kulungile ukuqeqesha ngokwemigaqo yeklasi yobugcisa bokulwa, kodwa kubi ukulwa nabanye esikolweni.
• Bancede babe nobuhlobo nabantu: Aba bantwana banokuba nobunzima bokwenza abahlobo kuba basenokungaziqondi iimpawu zentlalo. Ngoko ke badale amathuba okuba banxibelelane noontanga babo. Xa besenza njalo, khetha imisebenzi yexesha elifutshane enemithetho ecacileyo.
• Nciphisa ixesha lokuphumla: Okukhona umntwana exakeke kakhulu, kokukhona amathuba okuba angaziphathi kakubi. Ukuchitha ixesha elininzi ebukele iTV kwaye edlala imidlalo yekhompyutha kunokunyusa iimpawu ze-ADHD .
• Xabisa kwaye ukhuthaze uloyiso oluncinci:Nika umntwana wakho iinjongo ezincinci nezinokufezekiswa. Umzekelo, endaweni yokuthi, "Ndifuna ukufumana u-A okanye u-B kwikhadi lengxelo," mnike injongo encinci efana nokuthi, "Masigqibe umsebenzi wethu wesikolo namhlanje." Mncome xa ewenza.
• Yenza isicwangciso esilungileyo: Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze wenze isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kumntwana wakho. Eso sicwangciso kufuneka siquke amayeza, unyango, kunye nothando lwakho kunye nenkuthazo.