Ngaba imikhwa yethu ingazitshintsha iijini zethu? Masifunde nge-epigenetics ngendlela elula!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ukuba ii-genes zethu ziyayichaphazela indlela esigula ngayo nendlela esibonakala ngayo. Yiyo loo nto. Kodwa ubusazi na ukuba singayitshintsha nendlela ezi genes ezisebenza ngayo kwizinto ezifana nendlela esiphila ngayo, into esiyityayo, kunye nendawo esihlala kuyo? Ezo zizinto esithetha ngazo phantsi kwesi sihloko sibizwa ngokuba yi -Epigenetics . Nangona esi sihloko sitsha, sibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethu, ngoko masithethe ngaso.

Yintoni kanye kanye le (i-Epigenetics)?

Ngamafutshane, i-epigenetics luphando lokuba ii-genes zethu zichaphazeleka njani yindawo esikuyo kunye nezinto esizenzayo . Sihlala sicinga ngee-genes njengento esingenakuyilawula, into esiyizuza njengelifa kubazali bethu. Enyanisweni, izinto ezininzi, njengombala wamehlo ethu kunye nethuba lokukhula kwezifo ezithile, zimiselwa zezi genes ukususela ngexesha lokuzalwa kwethu. Ngoko ke unokucinga ukuba ii-genes zizinto ezingenakutshintshwa, ezibekwe kwilitye. Kodwa khawucinge ukuba singayitshintsha indlela ezisebenza ngayo ezi genes kwaye siphucule impilo yethu? Izazinzulu ziphanda nge-epigenetics zinethemba elo. Yiyo loo nto esi sihloko, i-epigenetics, siye saba yinto abantu abaninzi abafana nawe abanomdla wokuyifunda. I-Epigenetics yindawo entsha yokufunda. Ijonga indlela iikhemikhali ezithile ngaphakathi kweeseli zomzimba wethu ezilawula ngayo indlela ezisebenza ngayo ii-genes zethu. Izazinzulu zibiza ezi khemikhali ngokuthi 'iimpawu ze-epigenetic' okanye 'iimpawu zekhemikhali' . Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zekhemikhali zinceda imizimba yethu ukuba yomelele kwaye imelane nezifo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokulimaza impilo yethu. Ukuba ucacisa igama elithi 'epigenetics', kukho iindawo ezimbini: 'epi' kunye 'genetics'. Igama elithi 'Epi' lithetha 'phezulu, ngaphandle, ngeenxa zonke'. Igama elithi 'genetics' lithetha nge-genes, oko kukuthi, amawakawaka eenxalenye ze -DNA (i-Deoxyribonucleic Acid) ezikwenza ube ngowahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, xa sithetha 'nge-epigenetics', sithetha ngayo yonke into ejikeleze i-genes yakho. Izazinzulu zijonga iikhemikhali ezihlala kwi-genes yakho kwaye zisebenze kuzo. Zikwaqwalasela nezinto esinokuzibona kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, njengokutya esikutyayo, ubungakanani bomthambo esiwenzayo, kunye nokhathalelo esalufumana sisengabantwana.

Indawo esihlala kuyo kunye nokukhetha esikwenzayo kuyichaphazela njani le nto?

Izazinzulu bezisazi kudala ukuba imeko-bume yethu kunye neendlela esiziphatha ngazo zibumba impilo yethu. Umzekelo, cinga ngoku:

• Ukuchanabeka kwiityhefu ezithile kwandisa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza .
• Ungcoliseko lomoya lunokubangela izifo ezifana ne -asthma .
• Ukuzilolonga kuyayomeleza intliziyo yakho.
• Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kulungele kakhulu ingqondo yakho nomzimba wakho .

Ngoko ke, impilo yakho kunye nobomi bakho obude abubangelwa nje zimfuza okanye yindalo yakho. Zininzi nezinye izinto ezichaphazela oku, uyaqonda?

Okokuqala, masifunde kancinci nge-genes kunye ne-DNA, akunjalo?

Iijini ziiyunithi ezisisiseko ze-DNA. Lonke ulandelelwano lwe-DNA yakho ludla ngokuthelekiswa nencwadi yokulima okanye incwadi yemiyalelo. Kungenxa yokuba i-DNA inika imiyalelo ekufuneka iseli nganye emzimbeni wakho isebenze ngokuqhelekileyo. Iiseli zakho ziyayifunda le DNA ukuze zazi ukuba zenze ntoni kwaye ziyenze njani.

Ngoko ke yintoni i-gene?

Kukho iitriliyoni zeeseli emzimbeni wakho nangaliphi na ixesha. Ezi seli zihlala zihlukana ukuze zenze iiseli ezintsha (zenze iikopi zazo) ukuze zithathe indawo yezo zifayo. Kungenxa yokuba iiseli ezifanayo akufuneki zihlale ubomi bakho bonke - ziyafa, kwaye kwenziwa ezintsha. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo emzimbeni wakho. Ezi triliyoni zeeseli zixhomekeke kwi-DNA yakho ukuze zazi indlela yokukhula, ukuba zenze nini iikopi, kwaye ukuba ziyeke nini ukwahlukana.

Iiseli zisebenzisa njani le DNA?

Yonke iseli emzimbeni yenza umsebenzi wayo. Ukuze yenze loo nto, ifunda iindawo ezithile ze-DNA yakho. Ezo ndawo zibizwa ngokuba zii-genes zakho. Ungacinga ngezi genes njengezahluko kwincwadi yemiyalelo, okanye njengeeresiphi kwincwadi yokupheka. Ii-genes ziziqwenga ezincinci zolwazi ezidibanayo ukuze zenze iseti yakho yonke yee-genes, okanye i-genome . Kodwa ayizizo zonke iiseli ezifunda iseti yonke yemiyalelo (ulandelelwano lwakho lonke lwe-DNA, okanye i-genome). Kungenxa yokuba ayizizo zonke iiseli ezifuna iseti yonke yemiyalelo - zifuna nje iindawo ezithile. Iiseli zinemisebenzi ethile emzimbeni, kwaye zifuna nje ukwenza imisebenzi yazo ethile. Cinga ngale ndlela: xa usenza ikhekhe, awudingi iresiphi yesosi yetumato. Ufuna nje iresiphi yento oyenzayo.

Ngoko ke yintoni le epigenome?

I-epigenome yakho yiyo yonke i-genes yakho nayo yonke into elawula indlela oyisebenzisa ngayo . Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-epigenome yakho iyatshintsha . Iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kunokuba kuhle okanye kubi. Kulungile kuba izinto ezifana nokutya okunesondlo, umthambo, kunye namanqanaba aphakathi oxinzelelo zinokukhokelela kutshintsho lwe-epigenetic oluluncedo kwimpilo. Kodwa izinto ezifana nokutya okucutshungulweyo, ukutshaya, kunye noxinzelelo olugqithisileyo zinokukhokelela kutshintsho lwe-epigenetic oluyingozi kwimpilo. Ngoko ke, yintoni echaphazela i-epigenome yakho? Yintoni onokuyenza ngayo? Enyanisweni kukho okuninzi esingakakwazi okwangoku. Kodwa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba izinto esizifaka emizimbeni yethu kunye nendlela esisebenzisana ngayo nehlabathi elisingqongileyo zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwi-epigenome yethu.Nangona singenakukwazi ukulawula ezi zinto rhoqo, ngamanye amaxesha sinokuzilawula - oko kungcono kakhulu kunoko sinokukuthetha ngeejini esizizuz’ ilifa, akunjalo?

Ziziphi izifo ezinxulumene ne-epigenetics?

Izazinzulu zisafunda indlela utshintsho lwe-epigenetic oluchaphazela ngayo imizimba yethu kunye nophuhliso lwezifo. Zikwakholelwa ukuba utshintsho oluthile lomzimba kunye neemeko zesifo nazo zinokubangela utshintsho kwi-epigenome yakho. Uphando lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba utshintsho lwe-epigenetic lunxulumene noku:

• Indlela esebenza ngayo imetabolism yomzimba wakho.
• Inkqubo yokwaluphala kunye nezifo ezinxulumene nokwaluphala .
• Izifo ezichaphazela ingqondo yakho, ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson , isifo sika-Alzheimer , kunye nezinye izifo ezibangela ukukhubazeka kwengqondo .
• Ukuphuhlisa umhlaza .
• Iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi .
• Ukudumba kunye neemeko ezinxulumene noko ezifana ne-asthma kunye nezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba .

Njengoko uphando luqhubeka, izazinzulu zinethemba loku:

• Fumana ukuqonda okutsha malunga nendlela utshintsho lwe-epigenetic olubangela okanye olunxulunyaniswa ngayo neemeko ezahlukeneyo zezifo.
• Funda ngezinto esinokuyenza kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ukunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo ezithile.
• Phuhlisa unyango olutsha lwezifo olujolise kwi-epigenome.

Yintoni enokuyitshintsha ngokwenene i-epigenome yethu?

I-epigenome yakho ibunjwe ngamandla angenakubalwa. Amanye awo aqala ukukuphembelela ungekazalwa. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Ukutya okutyiwe ngumama wakho ngelixa wayekuthwele esibelekweni sakhe (ukutya kokukhulelwa) .
• Impilo kamama wakho iyonke kunye nempilo-ntle yakhe yengqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa .
• Isondlo owasifumana usengumntwana nomntwana omncinci .
• Amava amabi obuntwana .
• Amava owawafunda usengumntwana kunye nendlela owasebenzisana ngayo nabantu abadala .
• Ukuchanabeka kwiityhefu ezifana nongcoliseko lomoya, umsi wedizili, kunye nomsi wecuba .
• Ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali ezifana neeplastiki, i-BPA, kunye neentsimbi ezinzima ezifana ne-lead okanye i-cadmium.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile abhalwe ngugqirha .
• Ukusetyenziswa kotywala, icuba kunye nezinye iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa .
• Ukutya okutyayo xa umdala .
• Inqanaba lakho lomsebenzi womzimba .
• Inqanaba loxinzelelo ebomini bakho bemihla ngemihla .
• Ubudlelwane bakho kunye nokusebenzisana kwakho nabantu .
• Uluntu ohlala kulo kunye nenkxaso oyifumanayo (okanye ongayifumaniyo) kulo .
• Ukufikelela kwiinkonzo zempilo kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa iimfuno zakho zempilo .

Zenzeka njani ezi nguqu?

Izazinzulu zisacinga ngendlela ezi zinto zibangela ngayo utshintsho kwiiseli zakho. Ngokubanzi, ezi zinto zenza iimpawu ze-epigenetic kwi-DNA yakho, ezichaphazela indlela iiseli zakho ezisebenza ngayo. Umzekelo, iimpawu ze-epigenetic zinokuthintela iiseli ekufundeni iindawo ezithile ze-genome yakho. Oko kukuthi, i-gene ekufanele ukuba iyasebenza iyavalwa, okanye icinywe. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli zakho azikwazi ukufunda ezo gene (iiresiphi), kwaye azikwazi ukwenza ezinye zezinto ezifunekayo ukuze zikugcine usempilweni, njengokuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ekukhuleni. Ezinye iinguqu eziyingozi ze-epigenetic zithatha ixesha elifutshane kwaye zinokubuyiselwa umva. Kodwa ezinye zihlala ixesha elide, ngamanye amaxesha ubomi bonke.

Ngaba ezi nguqu zingaba ngcono?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Iimpawu ze-Epigenetic zinokuba luncedo, okanye zikhusele. Umzekelo, ukunika umntwana amathuba amaninzi okufunda kunokukhokelela kutshintsho oluhle lwe-epigenetic oluxhasa impilo yakhe yengqondo neyomzimba iminyaka ezayo . Awunakukhetha ii-genes ozizuze kubazali bakho. Kwaye awunakulawula uninzi lwehlabathi elikujikelezileyo. Kodwa ukuzazi zonke ezi zinto 'zizondla' wena - kunye nabantwana bakho - kunokukunceda wenze konke okusemandleni akho ukudala i-epigenome enempilo.

Ngaba singayichaphazela kakuhle i-epigenome yethu? Ewe! Njani?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka. Nangona kungekho ndlela icacileyo yokwenza oku, izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ezinye zezigqibo esizenzayo zinokuxhasa utshintsho oluhle lwe-epigenetic kwaye zinciphise umngcipheko wotshintsho olubi. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokunceda:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Ungacela uncedo kwingcali yesondlo ukuze wenze isicwangciso sokutya esifanela iimfuno zakho zempilo kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.
• Yongeza umsebenzi womzimba kusuku lwakho.Ngaphambi kokuba uqale isicwangciso esitsha sokuzilolonga, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Baza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi izithambo ezikhuselekileyo kuwe.
• Nciphisa utywala kwaye uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba.
• Zama ukuphumla kangangoko unako ukuze ulawule uxinzelelo.

Ezi zizinto zonke onokuzenzela zona. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba i-epigenome yethu ichaphazeleka kakhulu kutshintsho kwiminyaka embalwa yokuqala yobomi . Ngoko ke, ukuba ungumzali okanye umnakekeli, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikel’ ingqalelo kwezi zinto:

• Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo. Ungacela iingcebiso kugqirha wezilwanyana malunga nendlela yokwenza oku.
• Nika umntwana wakho amathuba okufunda kwasebuntwaneni. Oku kungabandakanya ukumnika amathoyizi amncedayo ukuba afunde aze akhumbule, ukuthetha naye, ukufunda iincwadi, nokumfundisa amagama amatsha.
• Yenza indawo ejikeleze umntwana wakho apho aziva ekhululekile, ekhuselekile, kwaye ejikelezwe ngabantu abanothando nabaxhasayo.
• Ukuba ujongene nemingeni efana nokungondleki kokutya, ukungondleki kwindlu, okanye ukuxhatshazwa ekhaya, funa uncedo kugqirha. Banokukunceda ufumane izixhobo ozidingayo ukuze uzikhusele wena nabantwana bakho kwaye ufumane inkxaso.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuba ingcamango ye-epigenetics ivakala ingaqhelekanga kwaye iyoyikisa kancinci kuwe, awuwedwa. Ukucinga ngento eyenzekayo ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu kunokuba mnandi kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kube nzima. Kusenokuvakala ngathi asinakuzinceda kwaye asinamandla. Kuvakala ngathi izinto ezininzi azikho phantsi kolawulo lwethu. Kodwa i-epigenetics isinika ithemba lokuba sinokuba nefuthe kwiinkqubo zangaphakathi emizimbeni yethu .

I-Epigenetics isentsha xa ithelekiswa nezinye izifundo. Kusekho okuninzi esingakwaziyo. Kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba kusekho okuninzi ekufuneka kufunyenwe! Ugqirha wakho angakuxelela okungakumbi malunga nendlela ii-genes zakho kunye ne-epigenome ezichaphazela ngayo impilo yakho. Angakuxelela nalapho ungafumana khona ulwazi oluthe kratya.

Ngoko ke, ngokufutshane nje, ii-genes zethu ziyinxalenye nje yebali lethu. Indlela esiphila ngayo, izigqibo esizenzayo, uthando kunye nenkathalo esiyifumanayo, zonke zinefuthe elikhulu kwindlela ebhalwa ngayo elo bali. Eso sesona sifundo sibalulekileyo esisifundiswa yi-epigenetics.