Uyazi ukuba ngubani ohambisa amehlo akho ngapha nangapha? Masithethe ngemisipha yamehlo!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba amehlo akho asebenza ngendlela emangalisayo, kwaye ungaqondi? Sijonga ngeenxa zonke kuthi umzuzwana ngamnye, sifunda incwadi, sijonga ifowuni yethu, okanye sijonga umhlobo xa sithetha naye. Konke oku, oko kukuthi, okusinceda sigxile ngqo kwinto esiyijongileyo, yinkqubo yemisipha encinci kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi misipha zamehlo ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Zithini izihlunu zamehlo? Ziphi?

Ngamafutshane, kukho izihlunu ezintandathu ezilawula intshukumo yeliso lakho. Ezi zihlunu zezona zikuvumela ukuba uhambise amehlo akho ecaleni, phezulu, ezantsi, nangasemva. Khawuthelekelele, ukuba uhamba esitalatweni uze ngequbuliso ufune ukujonga imoto evela ngasekunene, okanye ukuba ufuna ukujonga intaka ebhabha phezulu, ezi zihlunu ezisebenzayo ngelo xesha.

Zonke ezi zihlunu zinamathele ngaphandle kwebhola yeliso, yiyo loo nto oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha bezibiza ngokuba zimisipha 'yangaphandle' .

Nangona ezi zihlunu zangaphandle kweliso zilawula ikakhulu indlela amehlo akho ajonge ngayo, zikwanegalelo elikhulu kwindlela obona ngayo kakuhle. Amehlo akho kufuneka ahambelane , oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ahambe ngaxeshanye, ngendlela efanayo, nangesantya esifanayo. Ukuba azenzi njalo, awuyi kukwazi ukwenza izinto ezifana nokuqonda ubunzulu kunye nokubona nge-3D ngokufanelekileyo. Khawucinge ngento ebenokwenzeka ukuba ubuhamba ngezinyuko kwaye ungakwazi ukugweba ubunzulu bezinyuko ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kufuna ukuba izihlunu zamehlo akho zilungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zemisipha yamehlo.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zemisipha yamehlo. Ezi zezi:

1. Izihlunu ze-rectus

2. Izihlunu ze-Oblique

1. Izihlunu zeRectus

Kukho izihlunu ezine ze-rectus kwiliso ngalinye. Nazi amagama azo kunye neendawo ezikuyo:

• I-rectus ephezulu : Le ikwindawo engaphezulu kweliso. Igama elithi "Superior" lithetha "ngaphezulu." Ngoko ke oku kunceda ekujongeni iliso phezulu.
• I-Inferior rectus : Le ikwindawo engaphantsi kweliso. Igama elithi "Inferior" lithetha "ngezantsi." Yile nto ejika iliso liye ezantsi.
• I-Medial rectus : Le ikwicala lempumlo yakho. Igama elithi "Medial" lithetha "kufutshane nombindi." Ngoko ke esi sihlunu sinceda ukujika iliso liye empumlweni, oko kukuthi, ngaphakathi.
• I-Lateral rectus : Le ikwicala elikude nempumlo, oko kukuthi, ngasendlebeni. Igama elithi "Lateral" lithetha "ecaleni." Oku kuguqula iliso liye ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, ngasendlebeni.

2. Izihlunu eziMbovu

Kukwakho nezihlunu ezimbini ezigobileyo kwiliso ngalinye. Ezi zintsonkothile kancinci.

• I-oblique ephezulu: Le msipha isebenza njenge-pulley. Iqala emva kweliso lakho, phezulu. Emva koko iza phambili, idlule kwindawo encinci evulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"trochlea" ngaphakathi kwesokhethi yeliso, ize inamathele kwi-superior rectus muscle ngasemva nje, phezu kwebhola yeliso. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukujikeleza iliso liye ezantsi nangaphandle.
• I-Inferior oblique : Le inamathela kwicala elingaphantsi, elingaphakathi lesokisi yeliso. Iqala apho, ihamba ecaleni ukusuka empumlweni, ijikeleze ezantsi kweliso, ize inamathele kwibhola yeliso kwicala elikude emva kwemisipha ye-lateral rectus. Inceda kakhulu ekujikelezeni iliso phezulu nangaphandle.

Zisebenza njani izihlunu zamehlo?

Ezi zihlunu zintandathu zangaphandle kwamehlo emehlweni akho zisebenza ngababini . Xa esinye isihlunu sishukuma, esinye isihlunu kwiliso elinye sinceda ukulawula nokulinganisela loo ntshukumo . Kufana nokutsalana, apho xa utsala kwelinye icala, elinye icala lisebenza kwelinye icala. Yiyo loo nto amehlo akho enokujika kuphela ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

Kukho enye into ekhethekileyo. Yile ndlela amehlo akho asebenzisana ngayo. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokuthi "ukubotshelelwa." Kufana neenkomo ezimbini ezibotshelelwa kunye kwaye ziqhutywa kwicala elinye, ngoko amehlo akho omabini ajika ngaxeshanye, kwicala elinye. Yiyo loo nto amehlo akho elungelelene, ejonge kwicala elinye, ejonge into enye.

Zeziphi imithambo-luvo elawula ezi zihlunu?

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyazibuza ukuba ezi zihlunu zamehlo zilawulwa njani, akunjalo? Zincedwa ziintlobo ezintathu ezikhethekileyo zemithambo-luvo evela ebuchotsheni bethu. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yimithambo-luvo yentloko .

• I-Cranial nerve III (CN III) : Le ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-oculomotor nerve . Ilawula izihlunu ezintathu, i-superior rectus, i-inferior rectus, kunye ne-medial rectus, kunye ne-inferior oblique. Oko kuthetha ukuba zonke izihlunu ezine zilawulwa yile nerve!
• I-cranial nerve IV (CN IV) : Le yi -trochlear nerve . Ilawula kuphela izihlunu ezinqamlezileyo eziphezulu.
• I-cranial nerve VI (CN VI) : Le ibizwa ngokuba yi-abducens nerve . Ilawula izihlunu ze-lateral rectus.

Ezi zihlunu zisebenza kakuhle ngenxa yemiqondiso evela ebuchotsheni ngezi mithambo-luvo.

Ziziphi iimeko nezifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela izihlunu zamehlo?

Ngelishwa, ngamanye amaxesha ezi zihlunu zamehlo zinokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini:

1. Iingxaki zemisipha

2. Iingxaki ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo

Ukwengeza,Ukulimala kweliso, entloko, okanye kwizicubu ezingqongileyo nako kunokonakalisa izihlunu zamehlo. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa kukho ukwenzakala okukhulu entlokweni okanye ebusweni, ukwaphuka kwentloko kunokubangela ukuba izihlunu zamehlo zivaleleke phakathi kwentloko kunye nezihlunu ezingqongileyo. Oogqirha bakubiza oku ngokubambeka .

Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Ukuba umsipha awukhululwa ngokukhawuleza ngotyando, kunokubakho umonakalo osisigxina okanye iingxaki ezinkulu.

Iingxaki zemisipha

Ezinye zezi meko zizifo ezenza izihlunu zibe buthathaka. Zinokufunyanwa njengelifa okanye ziphuhle ngokuhamba kwexesha. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• I-Myotonic dystrophy `(i-Myotonic dystrophy)`
• I-Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ( OPMD )
• Isifo sikaKearns-Sayre
• I-Myositis (ukudumba kwemisipha)
• Isifo samehlo se-thyroid okanye isifo se-Graves
• I-Strabismus (amehlo angajongi kwicala elinye) okanye i-Amblyopia (iliso elivila)
• Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza (kodwa oku kunqabile kakhulu)

Izifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo

Ngoku siyazi ukuba imithambo-luvo edibanisa izihlunu zamehlo nobuchopho ibaluleke kakhulu ekushukumeni kwamehlo. Ngoko ke, nayiphi na imeko eyonakalisa imithambo-luvo emithathu yentloko ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili okanye ingqondo inokuchaphazela indlela amehlo ahamba ngayo.

I-cranial nerve palsies luhlobo lwesifo semisipha esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zinokuchaphazela nayiphi na imithambo-luvo emithathu, kodwa i-sixth (abducens) nerve palsy yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Ezinye zezi zinokubakho xa umntu ezalwa, kodwa uninzi lubangelwa kukwenzakala okanye ukugula kamva ebomini.

Ezinye izifo ezinxulumene nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezichaphazela intshukumo yamehlo ziquka:

• I-Myasthenia gravis
• Isifo sokugubhuka
• Uhlaselo lweStroke kunye neTransient ischemic (TIAs)
• Iithumba kunye nomhlaza wobuchopho, okanye ezo zichaphazela imithambo-luvo yentloko edibana nemisipha yamehlo
• Ukudumba okubangelwa zizilonda zemithambo-luvo okanye zobuchopho, okanye usulelo olufana nesifo seLyme
• Iintloko ezibuhlungu
• Isifo sikaParkinson kunye neParkinsonism

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinxulumene nezihlunu zamehlo?

Ezinye zezona mpawu ziqhelekileyo zeengxaki zokunyakaza kwamehlo ziquka:

• Ijwabu eligobileyo (i-Ptosis)
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo ngokukhawuleza ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye okanye kwisangqa (i-Nystagmus)
• Ukungalingani kwamehlo xa usebenzisa omabini amehlo, umzekelo i-exotropia (amehlo ajika abheke ngaphandle) kunye ne-esotropia (amehlo ajika abheke ngaphakathi)
• Xa elinye iliso livaliwe, elinye iliso alikhombi kwicala elinye, umzekelo i-exophoria kunye ne-esophoria.
• I-ophthalmoplegia yangaphakathi kwenyukliya (i-ophthalmoplegia yangaphakathi kwenyukliya)

Ezinye iimpawu ziyenzeka kuba amehlo akho akahambelani kakuhle kwaye akanakuhamba ngesingqi esinye. Imizekelo:

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kombono we-binocular (ukungakwazi ukulungelelanisa kakuhle oko kubonwayo ngamehlo omabini)
• Umbono ophindwe kabini (i-diplopia)
• Umbono ofipheleyo
• Isiyezi
• I-Vertigo (ukuziva ngathi indawo okungqongileyo iyajikeleza)
• Ukucaphuka, isicaphucaphu kunye/okanye ukuhlanza
• Uxinzelelo lwamehlo (i-asthenopia)

Ungayijonga njani impilo yemisipha yamehlo?

Uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo yindlela eluncedo yokujonga ukusebenza kwemisipha yamehlo akho. Njengenxalenye yolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho uza kukucela ukuba ushukumise amehlo akho ngeendlela ezithile . Ukuba amehlo akho akashukumi kakuhle, oko kunokuba luphawu olubalulekileyo lwengxaki engaphantsi.

Kukwakho neemvavanyo ezininzi zelebhu ezinokunceda ekuxilongeni izifo zemisipha yamehlo. Ezi zihlala ziimvavanyo zegazi. Zikhangela ii-antibodies ezithile okanye ezinye iimpawu. Ezi mvavanyo zelebhu zibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni izinto ezifana nesifo se-thyroid kunye nezifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwezifo zemisipha yamehlo?

Iindlela zonyango lweengxaki zemisipha yamehlo zahlukile kakhulu. Ezinye iimeko zinokuphucuka ngaphandle konyango . Ukuba imeko engaphantsi ibangela iingxaki zokunyakaza kwamehlo, ukunyanga imeko engaphantsi kunokuphucula iingxaki zamehlo.

Ezinye iingxaki zokunyakaza kwamehlo zifuna unyango oluthe ngqo. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ziquka:

• Amayeza : Oku kuxhomekeke kwimeko onayo, kodwa nezinye izinto zinokudlala indima.
• Utyando : Ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango azisebenzi kakuhle njengoko ubungathanda, utyando lunokuba luncedo. Nangona kunjalo, kuba utyando luyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, alusoloko luyindlela yokuqala.

Ingcali yakho yokhathalelo lwamehlo okanye omnye umboneleli wezempilo angakuxelela okungakumbi malunga neendlela zonyango ezifanelekileyo kwimeko yakho ethile . Baza kulungelelanisa ulwazi lwakho nembali yakho yezonyango, iimfuno zakho kunye nezinto ozithandayo.

Ndingayinyamekela njani imisipha yamehlo am?

Zimbini izinto eziphambili onokuzenza ukuze ugcine impilo yemisipha yamehlo akho:

• Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo : Ugqirha wakho wamehlo uqeqeshwe ukufumanisa iingxaki zokulungelelana kwamehlo kunye nemisipha yamehlo umntu oqhelekileyo angenakukwazi ukuyibona.
• Nxiba isikhuselo samehlo : Ukulimala kwamehlo, ubuso, okanye intloko yakho kunokuchaphazela izihlunu zamehlo kwaye kubangele ukuba ziyeke ukusebenza kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ukunxiba isikhuselo samehlo esifanelekileyo, njengeeglasi zokukhusela amehlo okanye iiglasi ezimelana nokutsha, kunokukukhusela kwimingxunya enzima, mhlawumbi engapheliyo, kunye nomonakalo.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha ngeengxaki zokunyakaza kwamehlo?

Iingxaki zokuhamba kwamehlo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba luphawu lweemeko ezinzulu kakhulu, nezisongela ubomi . Ke ngoko, ukuba unengxaki yokushukumisa amehlo akho kwezi meko zilandelayo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo :

• Ukuba zenzeka ngequbuliso : Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kulawulo lokunyakaza kwamehlo okanye umbono lufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Emva kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lokubethwa okanye ukwenzakala entloko okanye ebusweni : Ukuqhekeka kwentloko kunye nezinye iingozi zinokuchaphazela intshukumo yemisipha yamehlo, nto leyo engxamisekileyo yezonyango.
• Ukuba uneempawu zestroke : Ezi ziquka ubuthathaka okanye ukungaziva mnandi kwelinye icala lengalo okanye lomlenze, ubunzima bokuthetha okanye ukuqonda oko kuthethwa ngabanye, okanye ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso.

Kungumbono omhle ukukhumbula ukuba ukuba unamathandabuzo, musa ukulibazisa unyango. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwiziphumo zemeko yakho.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuba ufunda eli nqaku, bulela izihlunu zamehlo akho. Zizihlunu ezikunceda ugxile amehlo akho ukusuka kwelinye igama ukuya kwelinye. Izihlunu zamehlo ziyinxalenye enkulu yobomi babantu abaninzi, kodwa asicingi ngazo kakhulu, akunjalo?

Kubalulekile ukukhusela amehlo akho ekonzakaleni. Ungalibali ukuvavanywa amehlo rhoqo . Ungaze uyityeshele nayiphi na impawu ebonakala ngathi inxulumene nemisipha yamehlo akho, nokuba ibonakala incinci. Ukuzinyamekela kakuhle izihlunu zamehlo akho kuya kukunceda uqhubeke ujonge apho ufuna ukuya khona nalapho ufuna ukuya khona.

Izihlunu zamehlo , izihlunu zamehlo, intshukumo yamehlo, umbono, imithambo-luvo, iimpawu, impilo yamehlo