Unuka njani? Masifunde nge-Olfactory Nerve!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba singaziva njani iintyatyambo ezintle, ukutya okumnandi okuphekwa ngumama wethu, okanye umhlaba emva kwemvula encinci? Konke oku kungenxa yenxalenye encinci kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wethu. Loo mthambo wokuhombisa . Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale mthambo imangalisayo yokuhombisa, lo mhlobo osinceda ngevumba lethu.

Yintoni i-Olfactory Nerve?

Ngamafutshane, i-olfactory nerve yakho yi -cranial nerve yakho yokuqala (i-Cranial Nerve I okanye i-CN I) . Yeyona mithambo-luvo yokuqala kwezilishumi elinesibini eziphambili entlokweni yethu. Ikwayinxalenye ye -Autonomic Nervous System yethu. Oko kukuthi, inkqubo elawula iinkqubo ezininzi ezenzeka ngokwemvelo emizimbeni yethu. Umsebenzi ophambili wale mithambo-luvo kukusinika amandla okuvumba . Okumangalisayo kukuba, yeyona mithambo-luvo imfutshane emzimbeni wethu. Iqala engqondweni yethu, ngakumbi ezantsi kwengqondo, ize emva koko ihambe ize iqhagamshelane phezulu nangaphakathi kwempumlo. Khawucinge ukuba mkhulu kangakanani umsebenzi ewenzayo, nangona incinci kangaka!

Yintoni umsebenzi ophambili we-olfactory nerve (CN I)?

Eyona nto iphambili kukuba isinceda sikwazi ukubona amavumba ahlukeneyo, njengevumba levumba elimnandi, ivumba lokutya, nevumba leentyatyambo. Oku kwenzeka njani? Khawuthelekelele, xa sivumba into ethile, yongeza amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu, angabonakaliyo (iimolekyuli) emoyeni. Xa siphefumla, la masuntswana angena ngeempumlo zethu. Apho, uhlobo oluthile lweseli kwinxalenye ephezulu yempumlo yethu, olubizwa ngokuba zii-olfactory receptors , lubamba la masuntswana. Emva koko la masuntswana athumela umyalezo engqondweni nge-olfactory nerve, esithi, "Nanku kuza ivumba elinje." Kulapho ke siqonda khona, "Ah, eli livumba lerozi" okanye "Eli livumba lekhari yenkukhu emnandi."

Isebenza njani imvakalelo yethu yokuvumba?

Inkqubo yethu yokuphunga isenza sikwazi ukunuka ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: 1. Ngempumlo: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, amasuntswana amancinci akhutshwa kwizinto ezinevumba angena emakhaleni ethu aze avuselele ii-receptors zokuphunga. Ezi receptors zisebenza ngokudibanisa ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo esivumela ukuba sahlule kwaye sichonge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zevumba. Cinga ngayo njengokuxuba umbala ofanayo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze senze imibala eyahlukeneyo. 2. Ngasemva komqala: Xa sihlafuna ukutya okanye sisela isiselo, amasuntswana evumba kuloo nto yokutya nawo ayakhululwa. La masuntswana ahamba emqaleni wethu aze afikelele kwii-receptors zokuphunga ngasemva kwempumlo. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha sinokuvumba ukutya kusesemlonyeni wethu.

I-Olfactory Mucosa kunye nendima yayo

I-mucosa ye-olfactory ikwadlala indima enkulu kwindlela esiva ngayo ivumba. Ikwindawo ephezulu yempumlo yethu. Le membrane ineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli:

• Iiseli ze-Olfactory receptor: Ezi ziiseli ezibona ivumba. Ezi seli zineenkqubo ezimbini: Iinkqubo ze-Dendritic zityhala iiseli ziye kwiinwele ezincinci kwi-olfactory mucosa, zivuselela iiseli ze-olfactory. Iinkqubo eziphakathi zityhala iiseli kwicala elahlukileyo.
• Iiseli ezigcina ulusu: Ezi zisebenza njengenkxaso yezicubu ezijikelezileyo.
• Iiseli zeBasal: Zombini iiseli ze-olfactory receptor kunye neeseli ezixhasayo zenziwe kwezi seli ze-basal.

Yintoni i-anatomy ye-olfactory nerve?

I-nerve yethu yokuphunga, ngokungafaniyo neminye imithambo-luvo ye-cranial, yenye yemithambo-luvo emibini evela ngqo kwi -cerebrum yethu, inxalenye enkulu ephezulu yobuchopho. (Enye yi-optic nerve, i-nerve yesibini ye-cranial esinceda sibone.) Uninzi lweminye imithambo-luvo ye-cranial ivela kwiindawo ezisezantsi zobuchopho, i-brainstem . Imisonto ye-nerve yokuphunga ihamba umgama omfutshane ukuya kufikelela kwi-bulb yokuphunga phezulu kwempumlo. Ngaphambi kokuba ifike kwi-bulb yokuphunga, imisonto ye-nerve idlula kwithambo elisekhanda lethu elibizwa ngokuba yi-cribriform plate . Eli lithambo elithambileyo, elikhaphukhaphu. Yile nto yahlula indawo ejikeleze impumlo yethu kwingqondo.

Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubakho ukuba i-olfactory nerve ayisebenzi kakuhle?

Iingxaki ezithile ezichaphazela inkqubo yethu yokuhogela zinokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• I-Anosmia: Oku kukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo yivumba . Imeko apho ungakwazi ukuvumba nantoni na.
• I-Dysosmia (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-phantosmia): Le yindlela abantu ababona ngayo amavumba angathandekiyo, angathandekiyo, okanye angaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo. Isenokuba livumba elivuthayo okanye ivumba elibi.
• I-Hyposmia: Oku kukuncipha kwemvakalelo yokuvumba . Ivumba elaliqondwa kakuhle ngaphambili ngoku alibonakali kakuhle.
• I-Parosmia: Le yimvakalelo ephosakeleyo yevumba . Umzekelo, usenokuva ivumba lokutya okuqhelekileyo, ikhemikhali, okanye ivumba elibi. Khawuthelekelele indlela obunokukhathazeka ngayo ukuba ukutya okuthandayo bekunuka ngendlela eyahlukileyo.

Zeziphi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela umthambo wokuhombisa?

Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye nezinye izinto zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwemithambo-luvo yethu yokuhogela. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Usulelo lweempumlo kunye nee-polyps zeempumlo .
• IcubaUkusetyenziswa kwecuba (iicuba, ii-beedis, njl.njl.).
• Impilo yomlomo namazinyo engentle (Ucoceko lwamazinyo olungentle) .
• Ukuchanabeka kwiityhefu zokusingqongileyo kunye neekhemikhali ezifana nezibulali-zinambuzane .
• Ukulimala entloko okunzulu, kuquka ukuxhuzula, ziimeko apho ingqondo ifumana khona ukubethwa ngamandla.
• Amanye amayeza, umzekelo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane .
• Intsholongwane ethi ' SARS-CoV-2' ebangela i- coronavirus ( COVID-19 ) yinto esiye sayiva sonke.
• Umhlaza wentloko nentamo .
• Isifo seswekile (iDiabetes Mellitus) .
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer .
• Umhlaza wobuchopho .
• Isifo sikaParkinson .
• Isifo sokuwa .

Kubalulekile: Njengoko ubona, ukulahleka okanye ukuncipha kwevumba ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu ngakumbi. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinyamekela ukuba ufumana into efana nale.

I-COVID-19 iyichaphazela njani indlela esiva ngayo ivumba?

Usenokuba ukhe weva ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abafumana i-COVID-19 balahlekelwa yimvakalelo yokuvumba. Abaphandi basazama ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni oku kusenzeka. Kodwa enye into enokwenzeka kukuba usulelo lwentsholongwane olufana ne-SARS-CoV-2 lunokonakalisa iiseli zethu ze-receptor ezikhupha ivumba. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwabantu luphinda lufumane imvakalelo yokuvumba. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nomonde.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela iingxaki ezinxulumene ne-olfactory nerve?

Inyaniso kukuba, kunzima ukuthintela iziphumo zeemeko ezithile zemithambo-luvo, ezifana neethumba zobuchopho, kwindlela esiziva ngayo ivumba. Zizinto esingenakuzilawula. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto esinokuzilawula size sizame ukuzithintela:

• Ukuphepha imisebenzi eyingozi enokubangela ukwenzakala kwengqondo.
• Ukufumana isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 .
• Ukuba usebenza ngeekhemikhali, nxiba imaski ukukhusela impumlo yakho .
• Ukuba usebenzisa icuba (iicuba, i-vaping), yeka ukuzisebenzisa .
• Ukuxubha nokuxubha amazinyo akho yonke imihlaUkugcina imikhwa emihle yokucoca umlomo njengokutya i-dental floss.
• Ukuba unezinye izifo (umz. isifo seswekile) ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo yakho yokunuka, kubalulekile ukuba zinyangwe ngendlela efanelekileyo .
• Zikhusele ekwenzakaleni okufana nokuxhuzula ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nezigcina-ntloko xa udlala imidlalo.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha xa unengxaki ye-olfactory nerve?

Ukuba ubona enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha:

• Ukuba kukho umahluko kwindlela izinto ezinuka ngayo .
• Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yakho yokunuka .
• Ukuba unuka kakubi, ivumba elibi ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha?

Kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango malunga nezi mpawu, kuba zinokubangela iingozi ezithile kwimpilo yakho nakukhuseleko lwakho. Umzekelo:

• Usenokulingeka ukuba utye kakhulu okanye ungatyi kakhulu kuba awukwazi ukuvumba ukutya .
• Kulula ukungayiboni imiqondiso yengozi, njengokuvuza kwegesi, umsi ovela emlilweni, okanye ukutya okonakeleyo. Khawuthelekelele ukuvuza kwegesi endlwini yakho, kodwa ingaba kuyingozi kangakanani ukuba awukwazi ukuyivumba.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyazi ukuba i-Olfactory Nerve yi-cranial nerve yethu yokuqala (CN I), kwaye le nerve ibalulekile kwinkqubo yethu yokuhombisa kunye nemvakalelo yokuvumba. Le nerve inokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-COVID-19, i-Diabetes Mellitus, kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer.

Ukuba kukho naluphi na uvakalelo olungathandekiyo okanye utshintsho kwindlela oziva ngayo ivumba, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Angakuxelela ukuba imeko iza kubuyela esiqhelweni okanye ukuba iza kubuyela esiqhelweni. Angakunika neengcebiso malunga nendlela yokuhlala ukhuselekile kwaye usempilweni nokuba awunalo ivumba.

Yonke inxalenye yomzimba wethu ixabisekile, ngoko ke luxanduva lwethu ukuyinyamekela yonke.

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