Ngaba umntwana wakho ungumntu okrwada kakhulu? Isenokuba yi-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Ngaba uhlala ufumana izikhalazo ngomntwana wakho esikolweni? Ngaba uhlala uva izinto ezinje, "Akahlali kwindawo enye eklasini," "Uyabakhathaza abanye abantwana," kunye "Akaphulaphuli into oyithethayo?" Ngaba kunjalo nasekhaya? Akawugqibi umsebenzi awuqalayo? Ngaba uyazishiya izinto aze azilahle? Ukuba ezi zinto zivakala ziqhelekile kuwe, ngoko sisenokuba sithetha ngento engaphezulu nje kobubi. Yi-ADHD, okanye i-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ADHD?

I-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) sisifo esifana kakhulu nesifo kunokuba sibe yingxaki, lutshintsho oluncinci ekuphuhlisweni kwengqondo nokusebenza kwayo. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima kumntwana ukunikel’ ingqalelo nokulawula indlela aziphatha ngayo. Esi sisifo esixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni. Enyanisweni, sesinye sezona ngxaki zengqondo zixhaphakileyo ebantwaneni. Nangona esi sifo sidla ngokufunyaniswa ebuntwaneni, sinokuqhubeka sikhula.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili ze-ADHD?

I-ADHD inokwahluka kumntwana ngamnye, kodwa ngokubanzi, singayibona phantsi kweentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeempawu.

1. Ukungakhathali : Ubunzima bokunikel' ingqalelo kwinto ethile.

2. Ukungxama: Ukwenza izinto ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokucinga.

3. Ukungakhathali: Ukungahlali kwindawo enye.

Makhe sijonge le theyibhile ukuze sichaze ngakumbi ezi mpawu.

Iimpawu zabantwana abancinci

Oogqirha abaqhelekanga ukuxilonga i-ADHD kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-4 ubudala kuba iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokuziphatha kwabantwana abakule minyaka zifana kakhulu neempawu ze-ADHD. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci uhlala eneengxaki kwisikolo sabantwana abancinci okanye kwindawo yokugcina abantwana kwaye indlela yakhe yokuziphatha yahlukile kakhulu kweyabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo , kufanelekile ukuyiqwalasela .

Zithini izizathu ze-ADHD? Zithini iingcamango eziphosakeleyo?

Abazali abaninzi bacinga ukuba, "Ngaba le yimpazamo yam? Andimkhulisanga umntwana wam, akunjalo?" Hayi, i-ADHD ayilotyala labazali.

Oogqirha abakafumani sizathu sicacileyo se-ADHD, kodwa uphando lufumanise oku kulandelayo:

• Yimfuza: I-ADHD inokuba yimfuza. Umntwana omnye kwaba-4 abane-ADHD unomzali okanye umntakwenu onayo le meko.
• Utshintsho lobuchopho: Abantwana abane-ADHD bafunyenwe benotshintsho oluthile kwiindawo zengqondo ezilawula ingqalelo, intshukumo, kunye nezakhono zentlalo. Basenokuba notshintsho ekusebenzeni kweekhemikhali ('i-neurotransmitters') ezinceda iiseli zobuchopho ukuba zinxibelelane.

Ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango lwe-ADHD

Akukho vavanyo lunye (njengovavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni) olusetyenziswayo ukufumanisa i-ADHD. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngugqirha womntwana okanye yingcali, ohlola umntwana, athathe ulwazi kubazali nakootitshala, aze ajonge indlela umntwana aziphethe ngayo ixesha elide.

Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nezi mpawu zilandelayo ukuze kufunyaniswe umntwana one-ADHD:

• Ukuba neempawu ze-ADHD ezithandathu ubuncinane.
• Ezo mpawu zihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6.
• Ezi mpawu zinokubangela iingxaki kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwesinye zobomi bomntwana (umz., ekhaya nasesikolweni).
• Iimpawu zaqala ngaphambi kokuba zifikelele kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba i-ADHD yimeko elawulekayo. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano yonyango ezimbini.

1. Unyango Lokuziphatha: Oku kuquka ukufundisa umntwana izakhono ezifana nendlela yokulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe, indlela yokucwangcisa imisebenzi yakhe, kunye nendlela yokulawula ixesha lakhe. Abazali bakwanikwa iingcebiso malunga nendlela yokujongana nokuziphatha komntwana wabo, indlela yokunika inkuthazo, kunye nendlela yokufaka ingqeqesho.

2. Amayeza: Kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemithandathu ubudala, ugqirha angakunika amayeza ukuba kuyimfuneko. La mayeza (abizwa ngokuba yi-"Psychostimulants" kunye ne-"Non-stimulants") anceda ukulinganisela iikhemikhali ezikwingqondo yomntwana ezilawula ingqalelo, ezinceda ukuba ahlale egxile kwaye elawula iingcinga zakhe.

• Ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana neentloko ezibuhlungu kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya zinokubakho. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha ezi zinto zincinci kwaye ziyaphela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na into. Kungathatha ixesha ukufumana iyeza kunye nomlinganiselo ofanele umntwana wakho.

Indlela yokuqeqesha umntwana one-ADHD?

Ngenxa yokuba abantwana abane-ADHD banengxaki yokuzilawula, imithetho ecacileyo nehambelanayo ibaluleke kakhulu kubo.

• Khuthaza umntwana wakho ngendlela eyakhayo: Endaweni yokusoloko umgxeka, mncome ngezinto ezintle azenzayo. Nokuba yinto encinci efana nokuthi "Kuhle ukuba ubeke izinto zakho zokudlala" inokuba luncedo kakhulu kuye.
• Yenza imithetho icace: Beka imithetho yendlu kwindawo ebonakalayo, njengoluhlu lwezinto ekufuneka zenziwe.
• Nika iziphumo ngoko nangoko: Ukuba unika isohlwayo, musa ukusenza ngomsindo okanye ngokucaphuka. Zola, ubandakanyeke kwisiganeko, kwaye usisebenzise ngoko nangoko.
• Indlela "yokuphumla": Le iluncedo kakhulu. Xa umntwana wakho enze impazamo, mxelele ukuba ahlale endaweni ezolileyo ixesha elifanele ubudala bakhe (malunga nomzuzu omnye ngonyaka). Yazisa oku njengethuba lokuzola, endaweni yesohlwayo.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-ADHD inokuchaphazela imfundo yomntwana, ubudlelwane bakhe nabantu, kunye nekamva lakhe. Ke ngoko, ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nomntwana wakho, kungcono ukubonana nogqirha wabantwana okanye ugqirha wengqondo ukuze akunike iingcebiso.