Kukho izifo ezivela kumama notata wakho, akunjalo? Okanye kukho izifo ezinzima kakhulu ukuzinyanga ngokupheleleyo nokuba ngamayeza okanye utyando. Khawucinge nje, kuthekani ukuba bekukho indlela yokutshintsha iijini emizimbeni yethu nokunyanga isifo esisezingcanjini zaso? Unyango lwejini lelinye lamathemba amakhulu ekamva. Nangona oku kusekutsha kakhulu, kuthathwa njengento enokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwisayensi yezonyango.
Yintoni unyango lwezakhi zofuzo ngokulula?
Ngamafutshane, unyango lwezakhi zofuzo yinkqubo yezonyango esebenzisa izinto zethu zezakhi zofuzo ukuthintela nokunyanga izifo. Ngokwesiko, besisebenzisa amayeza, iipilisi, iisiraphu , iinaliti, okanye utyando. Kodwa ngale ndlela, oogqirha banokuchaphazela ukwakheka kwezakhi zofuzo zakho baze balungise unobangela wesifo.
Cinga ngemizimba yethu njengesakhiwo esikhulu. Isicwangciso esisetyenzisiweyo ukwakha eso sakhiwo ziijini zethu. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho impazamo encinci okanye isiphene kule sicwangciso. Loo mpazamo yiyo ebangela ezinye izifo. Ngoko ke unyango lwejini lumalunga nokulungisa eso sicwangciso singalunganga. Oko kuthetha ukuba:
- Ukunciphisa iiproteni ezibangela izifo: Xa ii-gene ezithile zingasebenzi kakuhle, zivelisa iiproteni eziyingozi emzimbeni. Le ndlela inokunciphisa imveliso yazo.
- Ukwandisa imveliso yeeproteni ezilungileyo: Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba awuvelisi ngokwaneleyo iiproteni ozifunayo. Kwimeko enjalo, le ndlela inokufundisa ii-genes ukuba zenze ezo proteni ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ukuvelisa iiproteni ezintsha okanye eziguquliweyo: Le ndlela inokwenza uhlobo olutsha lweproteni emzimbeni olunokulwa nesifo.
Oku kusebenza njani emizimbeni yethu?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masiqale sifunde kancinci ngeejini. Yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu ine-nucleus. Ngaphakathi kuloo nucleus kukho izinto ezibizwa ngokuba zii-chromosomes . Ezi chromosomes zenziwe yi -DNA . Le DNA iqulethe ulwazi oluchaza yonke into ukususela kumbala weenwele zakho, umbala wamehlo, kunye nobude.
Ezi ndawo zithile ze-DNA zizinto esizibiza ngokuba zii-genes . Zifana neresiphi kwincwadi enkulu yokupheka (i-DNA). Ezi genes zinika imiyalelo yokwenza iiproteni ezibalulekileyo ukuze imizimba yethu isebenze. Loo resiphi isixelela indlela yokwenza ikhekhe.
Ngamanye amaxesha njengoko sikhula, iityhefu ziyavela kwindalo esingqongileyoXa zichatshazelwa ziikhemikhali, okanye zifunyenwe kubazali, utshintsho oluncinci (iinguqu zezakhi zofuzo/utshintsho) lwenzeka kwezi zakhi zofuzo. Kufana nonobumba okanye igama kuloo ndlela yokupheka alilunganga. Emva koko iproteni (ikhekhe) eyenziweyo nayo ayilunganga. Loo nto yingcambu yezifo ezininzi.
Unyango lwe-gene alupheleli nje ekunyangeni iimpawu, kodwa lumalunga nokulungisa isiphene se-genetic esabangela esi sifo kwasekuqaleni.
Ziziphi izifo ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwezakhi zofuzo ngoku?
Enyanisweni, unyango oluninzi lwe-gene therapy lusekwinqanaba lovavanyo lweklinikhi. Oku kuthetha ukuba luyavavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba lukhuselekile kwaye luyasebenza na ngaphambi kokuba lunikwe abantu. Iindawo eziphambili zophando oluqhubekayo ngoku malunga nale ndlela zezi:
- Umhlaza
- Ukonakala kwe-macular kunye nezinye izifo zamehlo
- Ezinye iimeko zemfuza ezizuzwa njengelifa
- I-HIV /AIDS
Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwezakhi zofuzo ezivunyiweyo yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), oko kuthetha ukuba oku akuseyophupha nje. Umzekelo:
- I-Luxturna®: Olu lunyango olusetyenziswa kube kanye kubantu abalahlekelwa kukubona ngenxa yezifo ezithile zamehlo ezizuzwe njengelifa.
- I-Zolgensma®: Le ivunyiwe ukunyanga i-Spinal Muscular Atrophy, isifo esibi esichaphazela abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolu nyango?
Ewe, kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili ezenziwa ngazo unyango lwezakhi zofuzo. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.
| Indlela yonyango | Wenza ntoni nje? |
|---|---|
| Ukongeza iGene | Ikopi ephilileyo yejini efanayo ifakwa kwiseli enejini engasebenzi kakuhle okanye eyonakeleyo. Kufana nokuzisa umatshini omtsha, ongcono ukuze utshintshe ophukileyo. |
| Ukuthulisa iJini | Oku kukwenza kukuyekise ukusebenza kwejini enengxaki ebangela isifo. Kufana nokuthulisa umntu onika iingcebiso ezimbi ngokumvalela. |
| Ukuhlelwa kweGene | Le yeyona ndlela iphucukileyo. Okwenziwayo apha 'kukusika' okanye 'ukulungisa' inxalenye engalunganga ye-DNA uze uyihlele ngokutsha. Kufana nokucima igama elingalunganga encwadini uze ubhale igama elichanekileyo endaweni yalo. Iiteknoloji ezifana ne-CRISPR/cas9 zisetyenziselwa oku. |
Izakhi zofuzo zingena njani emzimbeni?
Ezi jini ziphilileyo azingeni ngqo kwiiseli zethu. Zifuna imoto. Elo sithuthi libizwa ngokuba yi -'vector' . Khawuthelekelele uthumela ipasela. I-courier (i-vector) ithatha loo pasela (i-gene) kanye apho kufuneka iye khona (iseli).
Ixesha elininzi, iintsholongwane zisetyenziswa njengezi 'vectors'. Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Ngaba bekungayi kukugulisa ukuba ubeka intsholongwane emzimbeni wakho?" Oko kwenziwa zizazinzulu apha kukususa zonke iindawo zentsholongwane ezibangela izifo, kushiyeke kuphela iindawo ezinokungena kwiiseli. Emva koko, bafaka i-gene ephilileyo kwintsholongwane baze bayingenise emzimbeni.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza oku:
1. Kwi-vivo (ngaphakathi komzimba): Apha, 'i-vector' equlethe iijini ifakwa ngqo emzimbeni njengesitofu sokugonya.
2. I-Ex vivo (ngaphandle komzimba): Oku kuquka ukuthatha ezinye iiseli emzimbeni wakho (umz. iiseli zegazi), ukufaka ii-genes kwezo seli kwilebhu, uze uzibuyisele kwakhona ezo seli ziguquliweyo emzimbeni wakho.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengxaki zonyango lwezakhi zofuzo?
Njengayo yonke into, le ndlela inezinzuzo kunye neengxaki zayo.
| Iinzuzo | Iingxaki kunye neengozi |
|---|---|
| Ithemba elitsha:Izifo ezazikade zithathwa njengezinganyangekiyo ngoku zifumana indlela entsha yonyango. | Akukho siqinisekiso sipheleleyo: Oku kusekutsha, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukuthi unyango luza kuphumelela ngokupheleleyo. Kusenokubakho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. |
| Ukunyanga unobangela wesifo: Endaweni yokucinezela iimpawu, ungalungisa unobangela wesifo. | Inkqubo enzima: Xa izinto zemfuza zingeniswa ngaphandle, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela inokusabela kuzo. |
| Unyango lwangethuba: Ukuba unyango lunikwa ngaphambi kokuba isifo sibangele umonakalo emzimbeni, loo monakalo unokuthintelwa. | Ukungazi kakuhle iziphumo zexesha elide: Ngenxa yokuba oku kutsha, akukaziwa ukuba zeziphi iziphumo eziya kwenzeka emva kweminyaka emininzi. |
Ngaba kufuneka ndithethe nogqirha wam ngale nto?
Ukuba wena okanye umntu okwintsapho yakho unesifo esizuzwe njengelifa, umhlaza, okanye imeko enzima ukunyanga, efana nale ikhankanyiweyo apha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.
Unyango lwe-gene alukabi lonyango oluqhelekileyo eSri Lanka. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela olu tshintsho lwenzeka kwihlabathi liphela. Mhlawumbi kwixesha elizayo, olu nyango lunokuba lolona luqhelekileyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, musa ukwenza izigqibo zonyango ngokusekelwe koko ukufundayo okanye okuvayo kwi-intanethi. Soloko ucela icebiso kugqirha wakho. Angakuxelela ukuba loluphi unyango olulungele imeko yakho, olukhuselekileyo nolungcono kakhulu.
Le teknoloji iza kuthatha ixesha ukuyiphuhlisa, kodwa ibonisa ukuba isayensi yezonyango isoloko izama ukufumana isisombululo sesifo, nokuba sibi kangakanani na. Elo lithemba elikhulu kuthi sonke.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lwe-gene yindlela entsha yezonyango enyanga izifo ngokutshintsha ii-gene zethu.
- Oku kujoliswe ekunyangeni unobangela wesifo endaweni yokunyanga iimpawu.
- Le ndlela inesithembiso esikhulu sokunyanga izifo ezinzulu ezifana nomhlaza kunye nezifo ezizuzwe njengelifa.
- Oku kusekwinqanaba lophando kakhulu, kwaye kuneenzuzo kunye neengozi.
- Ukuba unomdla kunyango lwanamhlanje olunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxoxa ngalo nogqirha wakho.
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