Masifunde ngemiphunga efunxwe kakhulu.

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya, uxinene esifubeni sakho, okanye uzive udiniwe rhoqo? Oku kubangelwa zizizathu ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, esinye sezizathu eziphambili zoku kukuba imiphunga yakho ifunxwe kakhulu, nto leyo oogqirha abayibiza ngokuba yi-Hyperinflated Lungs . Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe kwaye namhlanje.

Zithini iimpumlo ezifuthwe kakhulu?

Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzeka xa imibhobho emincinci (iindlela zomoya) emiphungeni yakho ekhupha umoya ivalekile. Emva koko, xa uphefumla, ayinguwo wonke loo moya onokuphuma. Kunye naloo moya, i-mucus emiphungeni yakho nayo iyabanjwa. Cinga ngayo njengokuvuthela umoya ebhalunini uze uvuthe, kodwa ukuba umoya omncinci uvalelwe ngaphakathi, uvuthe kakhulu, akunjalo? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo emiphungeni yakho.

Xa umoya kunye ne-mucus zivaleleke emiphungeni ngale ndlela, kuba nzima ukuphefumla, kwaye imiphunga iba mikhulu kunokuba kufanele ibe njalo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kungonakalisa imiphunga, kuchaphazele intliziyo, kwaye kuthintele umzimba ekufumaneni ioksijini eyaneleyo . Ke ngoko, le yimeko efuna unonophelo oluthile.

Ugqirha angakuhlola aze enze iimvavanyo ezifana ne-X-ray ukuze abone ukuba unale meko na. Unyango loku luquka ii-inhalers, ii-nebulizers , umthambo wokuphefumla okhethekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha notyando.

Kutheni imiphunga idumba ngolu hlobo? Zithini izizathu?

Isizathu esiphambili sokudumba okugqithisileyo kwemiphunga yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yiCOPD , okanye iChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . Esi asisosifo sinye, kodwa yindibaniselwano yezifo ezininzi ezinxulumene nemiphunga. Ezo zimbini ziphambili zezi:

1.I-Bronchitis Engapheliyo: Oku kuxa i-bronchi , okanye iindlela zomoya, emiphungeni yakho zivuvukala kwaye zidumbe ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kubangela indawo encinci ngaphakathi kwimibhobho, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Kukwabangela ukuba i-mucus iqokeleleke ngakumbi.

2. I-Emphysema : Kulapho ke iingxowa zomoya ezibuthathaka kakhulu emiphungeni zonakala kwaye zonakale ngonaphakade. Ezi ngxowa zezona zisinceda sifumane ioksijini size sikhuphe ikharbon diokside. Xa zonakele, umoya awukwazi ukungena nokuphuma ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ubambeke ngaphakathi.

Ukongeza kwi-COPD, ezinye izifo zemiphunga ezichaphazela indlela ophefumla ngayo (ukukhupha umoya) nazo zinokubangela ukuba imiphunga yakho idumbe ngale ndlela. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Isifo sombefu : Uyazi ukuba xa une-asthma, kunzima ukuphefumla. Le meko inokwenzeka kuba iindlela zomoya ziyavaleka.
• I-Cystic Fibrosis: Esi sisifo esibangelwa lufuzo. Kule meko, i-mucus emiphungeni iba nkulu kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuphefumla.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Kule meko, iindlela zomoya ziyanda ngokusisigxina, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-mucus iqokeleleke ize ikhokelele kwiintsholongwane.
• I-Bronchiolitis: Esi sisifo esixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci kwaye siquka ukudumba kweendlela zomoya ezincinci kakhulu emiphungeni.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ukudumba kwemiphunga kubonakala kakhulu kubantu abane-COPD. Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantu abazizigidi ezili-15-20 eMelika baphila ne-COPD. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zibalo zichanekileyo malunga nokuba bangaphi abantu abanale ngxaki yokudumba kwemiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphakile phakathi kwabaguli abane-COPD.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu zokunyuka kakhulu kwexabiso lemiphunga ziyafana nezo zifunyanwa ngabantu abanesifo semiphunga ngokubanzi. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuphefumla kancinci: Ukuphefumla kancinci kwenzeka nasemva kokuhamba kancinci okanye ukunyuka izinyuko. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba ume nje ungashukumi kunokukwenza uzive uphelelwe ngamandla.
• Ukuphefumla kancinci:Kunzima ukuphefumla nzulu uze uyikhuphe, uphefumla kancinci kancinci.
• Ukuva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha, ungenawo amandla: Ukuva ngathi awunawo amandla okwenza nantoni na, uhlala udiniwe.
• Ukuxinana kwesifuba: Isifuba sivakala ngathi kukho into ebambeke ngaphakathi, ngokungathi sizaliswe yi-mucus.

Usenokuzibona ezi mpawu ngaphandle kokuzibhokoxa kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungaziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo kwaye udiniwe nangona usenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Khawuthelekelele indlela ekunokuba nzima ngayo ukwenza nokuba ngumsebenzi omncinci wasekhaya okanye ukuya evenkileni.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku?

Abantu abanezifo ezithile zokuphefumla nezemiphunga basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko, njengoko ezi zifo zaziwa ngokuba zibangela le meko. Umzekelo, abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-COPD, i-asthma, kunye ne -emphysema basengozini enkulu.

Ukutshaya yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu. Ukutshaya kuyawonakalisa imiphunga ngokuthe ngqo, nto leyo enokubangela izifo ezifana neCOPD, nto leyo enokubangela ukudumba kwemiphunga.

Ukongeza, kukho ezinye izinto ezibangela umngcipheko kwimfuza. Umzekelo kukungabikho kwe-Alpha-1 antitrypsin . Le yimeko yemfuza enokubangela i-emphysema kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Enye yezona ngxaki zinzima ezinokubangelwa kukugcwala kakhulu kwemiphunga kukuxinezeleka kwentliziyo . Khumbula, intliziyo iphakathi kwemiphunga. Ukuba imiphunga igcwala kakhulu, ingafaka uxinzelelo entliziyweni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, olu xinzelelo lunokubangela utshintsho kwindlela intliziyo yakho ehambisa ngayo igazi ukuya emiphungeni. Oku kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokusilela kwentliziyo kwaye kunciphise amanqanaba eoksijini egazini lakho .

Ukongeza, ukudumba kwemiphunga kunokuba yingxaki enkulu kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ubunzima bokuphefumla bunokwenza kube nzima ukwenza neyona misebenzi ilula, nto leyo enciphisa umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Uyibona njani le nto?

Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye neempawu zakho, aze akuhlole. Uza kumamela imiphunga yakho kunye nentliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope aze akucele ukuba uphefumle nzulu kancinci. Ngexesha lovavanyo lomzimba, ungaphawula ukuba isifuba sakho siyaphakama kwaye siyawa njengoko uphefumla.

Emva koko, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuze abone ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza njani. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba: Oku kungathatha imifanekiso yemiphunga yakho, intliziyo, kunye nezinye izitho ezisesifubeni sakho. Kungakunika umbono wokuba imiphunga yakho idumbile kakhulu na.
• I-CT scan (i-computerized tomography (CT) scan): Oku kunokuvelisa umfanekiso ocacileyo noneenkcukacha ngakumbi wemiphunga nentliziyo kune-X-ray.
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga (ii-PFT): Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba imiphunga yakho inomthamo womoya ongakanani na kunye nokuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani.

Ugqirha wakho angakuthumela kugqirha ogxile kwizifo zokuphefumla, ingcali yezifo zamaphaphu .

Ingaba oku kudumba kwemiphunga yimeko embi kakhulu?

Ewe, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto ezibangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kungaba yimeko enzima kakhulu . Ayipheleli nje ekungcoliseni imiphunga kwaye ichaphazele umgangatho wobomi, inokubangela uxinzelelo entliziyweni kwaye ide ikhokelele kwiimeko ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Unyango lokunyuka kwamaxabiso luxhomekeke ekubeni iimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ezinye iindlela zonyango ezinokubakho ziquka:

• Izinto ezibangela iibronchodilator:La ngamayeza aphumza izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zakho zomoya aze azenze zande, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba umoya uphume emiphungeni yakho. Adla ngokuza ngohlobo lwee-inhaler okanye njengolwelo olufakwa kwi-nebulizer uze uphefumle.
• Iindlela zokuphefumla: Ugqirha wakho angakufundisa umthambo wokuphefumla okhethekileyo, njengokuphefumla ngemilebe egobileyo, ukunceda ukwandisa indlela yakho yomoya. Ukuvuselelwa kwepulmonary yinkqubo ekhethekileyo equka uqeqesho lomthambo oluluncedo kakhulu kubantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezifana neCOPD.
• Unyango lweoksijini: Abanye abantu kufuneka banikwe ioksijini eyongezelelweyo, nokuba nge-cannula yempumlo okanye imaski yobuso. Oku kunceda umzimba ufumane ioksijini oyifunayo.
• Izixhobo zokuphefumla: Izixhobo ezifana ne-nebulizer kunye nomatshini we-CPAP zinokunceda ukwenza kube lula ukuba umoya uphume emiphungeni.
• Utyando lokunciphisa umthamo wemiphunga: Oku kudla ngokwenziwa njengenyathelo lokugqibela xa zonke ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumelelanga. Kubandakanya ukususa iindawo ezonakeleyo zemiphunga, ukuvumela ezinye iindawo eziphilileyo ukuba zisebenze kakuhle.

Ngaba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso emiphungeni kuya kubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo?

Ngelishwa, umonakalo owenzeka emiphungeni uhlala uhleli . Oko kukuthi, awuphindi uphile ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, unyango olufanelekileyo lunokunciphisa iimpawu, lunciphise isidingo sokuhlala esibhedlele rhoqo, kwaye lunciphise isidingo sokutyelelwa kwigumbi likaxakeka (ii-ETU) . Nangona unyango lunokwenza kube lula kuwe ukuphefumla, aluyi kubuyisela ngokupheleleyo indlela yakho yomoya kunye nezicubu zemiphunga kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Iyintoni ikamva elilindelekileyo kule meko?

Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, nomntu one-emphysema enzima angaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo.Nangona imiphunga yakho ingenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi nokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi kwimiphunga.

Kodwa ukuba ayinyangwa, ukudumba kwamaphaphu kungonakalisa intliziyo, okukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo. Ngoko ke, unyango lubalulekile.

Oku kungathintelwa njani?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-COPD kukuthatha amanyathelo okuthintela. Ukutshaya yimbangela ye-90% yeemeko ze-COPD. Ke ngoko, ukuyeka ukutshaya nokuphepha ukutshaya ngumsi wesinye isilwanyana zezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuthintela i-COPD kunye ne-COPD. Kubalulekile nokunciphisa ukuvezwa kungcoliseko lomoya.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo semiphunga esifana ne-COPD okanye i-asthma, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Nazi ezinye zeempawu ekufuneka uziqaphele:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphefumla).
• Ukudinwa kakhulu kwaye ungabi namandla nangona ungakhange uzame kakhulu.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba ukuphefumla kwakho akubangeli ngxaki nangona wenza konke okusemandleni akho, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko . Uninzi lwabantu abane-emphysema banokuphefumla lula ngonyango olufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uphelelwa ngumphefumlo ngokupheleleyo, yingxaki yezonyango.

` ## Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuthatha Uhambe Nawe Ekhaya
Ukuphila nesifo semiphunga esenza kube nzima ukuphefumla kunokuchaphazela ubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla kwaye kwenze kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Ukudumba kwemiphunga yimeko eqhelekileyo enokuchaphazela abantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-COPD kunye ne-asthma. Ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yemiphunga inokukunceda ufumane unyango olunokunceda ukunciphisa iimpawu ezifana nokuphefumla okufutshane.

> **Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusela onke amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho emyalele.** Nangona singenakulawula ezinye izifo zemiphunga, ungathatha amanyathelo okuzithintela ngokuyeka ukutshaya, ukuphepha ukutshaya umsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu, kunye nokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwakho kungcoliseko lomoya. Nyamekela impilo yakho.

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Ukuxinana kwemiphunga, ukuphefumla kancinci, i-COPD, i-asthma, isifo semiphunga, isifo sokuphefumla, ukutshaya