Ngaba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ungeniswe kwi-ICU? Masithethe ngale nto! (Iyunithi yoKhathalelo oluPhezulu - ICU)

Akukho namnye kuthi othanda ukuba sezibhedlele. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sidinga uncedo lwezonyango ukuze sisindise ubomi bethu, okanye siphile kwimeko enzima kakhulu. Ngamaxesha anjalo, usenokuba ukhe weva nge "ICU". Abantu abaninzi bayoyika kwaye baxhalabe xa besiva igama elithi ICU. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni i-ICU, kwenzeka ntoni apho, kwaye kutheni ibalulekile.

Yintoni i-ICU? Kutheni ikhethekile kangaka?

Ngamafutshane, iYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu (i-ICU) liyunithi ekhethekileyo kakhulu esibhedlele. Ngokuchanekileyo, yindawo apho izigulane ezisongela ubomi okanye ezigula kakhulu okanye abo babekwingozi embi kakhulu banyangwa khona. Ewe, ukuba kwi-ICU kuthetha ukuba imeko imbi kancinci . Kuba izigulane apha zifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, ukubekwa esweni kunye nonyango oluvela koogqirha kunye nabongikazi abaziingcali imini nobusuku.

Ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngamanye amagama, mhlawumbi ukhe weva:

• `Iyunithi yoNyango oluBalulekileyo`
• `Icandelo Lonyango Olunzulu`
• `Icandelo Lonyango Olunzulu`

Nokuba uthini na, ingcamango iyafana. Oko kukuthi, indawo enika unyango olukhethekileyo nolunzulu .

Oogqirha bagqiba njani ukuba ndifuna unyango lwe-ICU?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Umfaka njani umntu kwi -ICU ?" Oogqirha bajonga izinto ezininzi xa besenza eso sigqibo. Cinga ngezinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukuxilongwa kwakho : Oku kuthetha ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezinjani.
• Usabela njani kunyango olufumeneyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku? : Ngamanye amaxesha unyango olunikezelwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo lusenokunganeli.
• Ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo (`iiComorbidities`) : Umzekelo, ukuba unezinye izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu , imeko yezonyango ephambili inokuba nzima ngakumbi.
• Ubunzima besifo okanye ingozi : Sikwajonga nokuba imeko imbi kangakanani.

Kwakhona, oogqirha baya kuqwalasela izinto ozikhethayo. Abanye abantu basenokungafuni ukufumana unyango oluthile kwi-ICU ukuba bacinga ukuba luya kuba nefuthe elibi kumgangatho wobomi babo okanye ukuba amathuba abo okuchacha aphantsi kakhulu.

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zokwamkelwa kwi-ICU?

Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemeko zempilo kunye nokwenzakala okufuna unyango kwi-ICU. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona zizathu zixhaphakileyo :

• Ixesha lokuchacha emva kotyando olukhulu : Emva kotyando olukhulu, isigulana sidluliselwa ngqo kwi-ICU kwaye sijongwe ngononophelo.
• I-aneurysm yobuchopho ephukileyo: Le yingxamiseko enkulu kakhulu.
• I-Sepsis : Olu luhlobo losulelo olusasazeka emzimbeni wonke.
• Usulelo olubi kakhulu olubangelwa ziintsholongwane okanye ziintsholongwane : Ngamanye amaxesha olu hlobo losulelo lunokuba yingozi ebomini.
• Istroke : Imeko ebangelwa kukuvaleka kokuhamba kwegazi ukuya engqondweni .
• Ukungasebenzi ngequbuliso kwelungu elibalulekileyo emzimbeni : Umzekelo, intliziyo, izintso, isibindi, okanye imiphunga (`(Ukusilela kokuphefumla)`) ziyeka ukusebenza ngequbuliso.
• Iingxaki emva kotyando .
• Iingozi ezinkulu : Izinto ezifana namanxeba okudutyulwa, iingozi ezinkulu zeemoto.
• Ukulimala kakhulu entloko (Ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu) .
• Ukothuka : Le yimeko apho umzimba ulahlekelwa kukuhamba kwegazi okwaneleyo, nto leyo ethintela amalungu omzimba ukuba angafumani ioksijini kunye nezondlo.
• Ezinye izifo ezinzulu kunye nonyango olunxulumene nomhlaza .

Kwiimeko ezinje, iinkonzo ezikhethekileyo ezinikezelwa kwi-ICU zibalulekile ukuze kusindiswe ubomi besigulana kunye nokuchacha ngokukhawuleza.

Luhlobo luni lonyango olunikezelwa kwi-ICU? Ngubani obonelela ngolu nyango?

Kwiyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu , izigulane zijongwa kwaye zinyangwa imini nobusuku . Kusetyenziswa izixhobo zonyango ezikhethekileyo ezininzi ukwenza oku.

I-ICU ibonelela "ngonyango olunezifundo ezininzi" . Oko kukuthi, iqela loogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nabanye abasebenzi bezempilo abanolwazi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo basebenza kunye ukunyamekela isigulana esinye. Khawuthelekelele iqela elinje:

• Oogqirha/iingcali zokhathalelo oluqatha : Aba ngoogqirha abaphambili kwi-ICU.
• Oogqirha bokwenzakala : Oogqirha botyando abanyanga abantu abenzakele kakhulu.
• Amagosa abongikazi kunye nabancedisi bezonyango abaqeqeshwe ngokukodwa (`Ababoneleli beZiko eliPhambili okanye ii-APP`) .
• Abahlengikazi : Abasebenzi bobuhlengikazi ngabona bachitha ixesha elininzi benyamekela isigulana.
• Iingcali zokuphefumla : Abo banceda izigulana ezinengxaki yokuphefumla.
• Iingcali zonyango lomsebenzi : Abantu abanceda izigulana ukuba zibuyele emisebenzini yazo.
• Oogqirha abaqeqeshwayo ('Abahlali') : Abo bagqibile isidanga sabo sezonyango kwaye befumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo olongezelelekileyo.
• Oogqirha abaqeqeshwayo (`Amaqabane`)Oko kukuthi, oogqirha abagqibile uqeqesho lwabo olusisiseko kwaye bafumana uqeqesho olunzulu ngakumbi lweengcali.
• Iingcali zezonyango : Abantu abanolwazi olukhethekileyo malunga namayeza anikwa izigulana.
• Iingcali zonyango lomzimba : Abantu abanceda ukubuyisela iintshukumo zomzimba, izihlunu, njl.njl.
• Iingcali zezondlo : Abo baqinisekisa ukuba isigulana sifumana isondlo esifanelekileyo abasidingayo.
• Abasebenzi bezentlalo : Abo banika inkxaso yengqondo kunye nolunye uncedo kumguli nakusapho.
• Abaphathi bamatyala : Abo baququzelela unyango lwezigulane.

Jonga ukuba iqela lisebenza kangakanani kwisigulana esinye! Injongo yomntu wonke kukufumana isigulana siphile ngokukhawuleza.

Zeziphi izixhobo ezifumaneka rhoqo kwi-ICU?

Ukuba uya kwi-ICU, uza kubona oomatshini abahlukeneyo kunye neemonitha. Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukujonga imeko yesigulana rhoqo kunye nokubonelela ngonyango olufunekayo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo:

• Oomatshini bokubulala iintlungu : Aba basetyenziselwa ukunika iintlungu ngexesha lotyando okanye iinkqubo ezibuhlungu.
• Ii-IV eziphakathi nezingaphandle : Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukunika amayeza, anjenge-saline, emzimbeni. Zikwasetyenziselwa ukunika amayeza entlungu kunye nokuxhalaba.
• Ii-Defibrillators : Ukuba intliziyo iyeka ngequbuliso ukubetha (Cardiac arrest), lo matshini usetyenziselwa ukwenza umbane ukuze uyiqalise kwakhona.
• Izixhobo zokuthatha imifanekiso : Izinto ezifana ne-X-ray kunye ne-ultrasound ziyafuneka ukuze kubonwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
• Oomatshini bokuxhasa ubomi : Aba basetyenziselwa ukuxhasa amalungu angasebenzi kakuhle, okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yaloo malungu okwethutyana.
• Umoya womoya osetyenziswa ngoomatshini : Lo matshini unceda izigulane ezingakwaziyo ukuphefumla ngokwazo.
• I-ECMO (i-Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) : Umatshini okhethekileyo oxhasa intliziyo nemiphunga.
• Unyango lokutshintshwa kwezintso oluqhubekayo : Le yindlela yokwenza umsebenzi xa izintso zingasebenzi kakuhle, efana ne-dialysis.
• Ii-Peripheral IVs : Ezi ziityhubhu zeplastiki ezibhityileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa i-saline, isondlo se-enteral (ngamanye amaxesha sinikwa ngetyhubhu ngempumlo), amayeza, kunye notofelo-gazi.
• Ii-catheter zomchamo : Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha umchamo kwisinyi.
• Izibonisi zeempawu ezibalulekileyo : Ezi zihlala zilinganisa kwaye zibonisa izinto ezifana nobushushu bomzimba, uxinzelelo lwegazi, izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo, kunye nezinga lokuphefumla .

Musa ukoyika xa ubona ezi zixhobo. Konke oku kukubonelela ngononophelo olungcono kumguli.

Ngawaphi amayeza asetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-ICU?

Kwi-ICU, kusetyenziswa amayeza ahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yesigulana. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Amayeza okuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwentliziyo (`Antiarrhythmics`) .
• Ii-antibiotics : Nyanga izifo.
• Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo: Kwezinye izifo zengqondo.
• Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula kwiimeko ezifana nokuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula .
• Ii-Beta-blockers : Kwiimeko ezithile zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi.
• Amayeza okulwa noxinzelelo lwegazi .
• Izithinteli zeCalcium channel : Kwiimeko ezinje ngeengxaki zesingqisho sentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza (i-tachycardia).
• I-Diuretics : Amayeza abangela ukwanda kokuchama kwiimeko ezinje ngokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo kunye nokudumba.
• Izibulali-ntlungu : Lawula iintlungu eziphakathi ukuya kweziqatha.
• Izinto ezivuselela ingqondo : Zinceda ngokwenzakala engqondweni nasekubetheni.
• Izinto zokuthomalalisa : Nciphisa iintlungu, ukungakhululeki, kwaye ugcine isigulana sizolile.
• IiVasopressors : Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi (hypotension).

Onke la mayeza anikwa phantsi kweliso elibukhali loogqirha, kwaye alungiselelwe imeko yesigulana.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa ungeniswe kwi-ICU?

Iyunithi yokhathalelo lwabagula kakhulu yindawo exakekileyo kakhulu. Kuba, kufuneka unikele ingqalelo kwisigulana ngasinye esilapho ngamaxesha onke. Abasebenzi bezonyango bazama konke okusemandleni abo ukugcina isigulana sikhululekile. Nangona kunjalo, kwabanye abantu, ukuxakeka apho, ingxolo yoomatshini, kunye nevumba elithile kunokuba nzima ukulithwala, kwaye banokuziva bexinezelekile kancinci.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiwadi, kukho iibhedi ezimbalwa kuphela kwi-ICU. Umongikazi udla ngokunyamekela isigulane esinye okanye ezibini kuphela. Kwakhona, kukho imiqathango yokuba ngubani onokutyelela izigulane . Inani labantu abanokutyelela lilinganiselwe, banokungavunyelwa ukusebenzisa iifowuni eziphathwayo, kwaye banokucelwa ukuba bangazisi ukutya, iziselo, iintyatyambo, njl. Kwakhona, ukuba undwendwe lunesifo somkhuhlane okanye esinye isifo, kungcono ukuhlala ekhaya. Konke oku kwenzelwa ukhuseleko lwezigulane.

Ukuba umntu unesifo esosulelayo, angabekwa kwindawo eyahlukileyo kwi-ICU ukuthintela ukuba isifo singasasazeki kwabanye. Kwimeko enjalo, abasebenzi bezonyango kuya kufuneka basebenzise izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezongezelelweyo (PPE). Oku kunokuquka:

• Iiglasi zokhuseleko
• Izikhuselo zobuso
• Iiglavu
• Iingubo ezikhethekileyo
• Izigqubuthelo zentloko
• Iimaski zobuso (`Iimaski`)
• Izinto zokuphefumla
• Izigqubuthelo zezihlangu

Ukuba isigulana asisekho zingqondweni okanye sithomalalisile kwaye asikwazi ukuveza iminqweno yaso, lusapho olumele lwenze izigqibo malunga nokunyanyekelwa kwesigulana. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, oogqirha nabo banokufuna ukwenza izigqibo zesigulana.

Ndingaphuma nini e-ICU?

Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kubunzulu bemeko yesigulana . Uninzi lwabantu abahlala kwi-ICU bayachacha baze baphume esibhedlele. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko ezifuna ukhathalelo lwe-ICU zinzima kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokutshintsha ngeendlela ezingalindelekanga. Ungadinga ukuhlala kwi-ICU iiyure ezimbalwa kuphela, okanye ungadinga ukuhlala iiveki okanye iinyanga. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika umbono ocacileyo ngale nto.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ICU? Ngaba i-ICU nganye inobuchwephesha bayo?

Ewe, ezinye izibhedlele zineentlobo ezikhethekileyo ze-ICU. Oko kukuthi, iiyunithi zokhathalelo oluphezulu ezigxile kumaqela athile ezigulana okanye kwiimeko ezithile zonyango. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• Icandelo lonyango oluphezulu lwentliziyo (CICU) : Linyanga abantu abanesifo sentliziyo.
• Icandelo lokhathalelo olunzulu lwentliziyo (CTICU): Kubantu abanezifo zentliziyo nemiphunga .
• Icandelo lokhathalelo oluphezulu lweentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa (i-NICU): Lenzelwe iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa , ingakumbi iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa nezigulayo.
• Icandelo lonyango oluphezulu (i-MICU) : Kwiingxaki ezinzima zonyango, usulelo olunzima, kunye noxinzelelo lokuphefumla.
• Icandelo lokhathalelo oluphezulu lwabantwana (i-PICU) : Nyanga abantwana.
• Icandelo Lonyango Olunzulu Lotyando Nokwenzakala (STICU) : Kwizigulana emva kotyando kunye neengozi ezinzulu.

Ukuba ne-ICU ekhethekileyo efana nale kuya kusenza sikwazi ukubonelela ngcono ngeenkonzo ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo kwisigulana ngasinye.

Ngaba i-ICU ithetha ukuba uhlala usebenzisa izixhobo zokuncedisa ubomi ngalo lonke ixesha?

Oku akusoloko kunjalo. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abakwi-ICU badinga iinkqubo zonyango ukuze bancede amalungu abo asebenze. Umzekelo, izinto ezifana noomatshini bokungenisa umoya, i-dialysis, kunye ne-defibrillators. Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukunceda umzimba wenze izinto ongakwaziyo ukuzenza wodwa.

Ngaba i-ICU ikhathalelwa kuphela ekupheleni kobomi?

Ngamanye amaxesha oko kunokuba njalo, kodwa akunjalo ngamaxesha onke. I-ICU yenzelwe ukubonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo kubantu abagula kakhulu okanye abenzakeleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, kukho iimeko apho isigulana singakwaziyo ukuchacha kwimeko yezonyango nokuba sinonyango lwe-ICU .Ngelo xesha, ukuba wena, iqela lakho lezonyango, kunye/okanye abo ubathandayo nigqiba kwelokuba ukhathalelo lwe-ICU alusekho mfuneko, ungadluliselwa kwigumbi eliqhelekileyo esibhedlele. Okanye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, ungathunyelwa ekhaya, okanye ungathunyelwa kwiziko le-hospice elinikezela ngokunciphisa iintlungu kunye nentuthuzelo ekupheleni kobomi bakho.

Okubaluleke kakhulu, abasebenzi abakwi-ICU bayayiqonda indlela ovakalelwa ngayo wena kunye nosapho lwakho. Basoloko bezama ukukunika iziphumo ezilungileyo kwaye bakuthuthuzele ngeli xesha linzima.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-ICU ngoku. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Iyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu (ICU) yindawo ekhethekileyo apho kunyangwa khona izifo ezinzulu kakhulu.
• Ukwamkelwa kwi-ICU kuthetha ukuba kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba isigulana nosapho bazive besoyika, bexhalabile kwaye bexinezelekile. Oko kuqhelekile kakhulu.
• Bonke abasebenzi, kuquka oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi, abakwi-ICU bakhona ukunceda isigulana, banike unyango olungcono, kwaye banike intuthuzelo ngeli xesha linzima.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo udinga unyango lwe-ICU, ungoyiki. Mamela ngononophelo oko kuthethwa ngoogqirha, uze ubuze nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Baza kukunceda.

Icandelo Lonyango Olunzulu , I-ICU, Isibhedlele, Unyango Olungxamisekileyo, Inkxaso Yobomi, Oogqirha Abangoochwephesha, Izixhobo Zonyango