Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba imizimba yethu ilwa njani notshaba olufana nentsholongwane xa lungena emizimbeni yethu? Imizimba yethu inenkqubo yokuzikhusela emangalisayo. Enye yezona 'arhente zokubonisa' zibalulekileyo kuloo nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-interferon. Ezi ziiproteni eziveliswa yimizimba yethu. Kwakhona, i-interferon eyenziweyo inikwa njengeyeza njengonyango lwezinye iimeko zonyango. Masithethe ngale nto ngendlela elula namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-interferon?
Khawuthelekelele ukuba umzimba wethu sisixeko esikhulu. Esi sixeko sikhuselwe ngumkhosi obizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Ngoku utshaba, olufana nentsholongwane okanye iseli yomhlaza, lungena kwesi sixeko. Ngaloo mzuzu, iiseli (umzekelo, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi) ezikhoyo kwindawo apho olu tshaba lukhoyo, zikhupha isignali yesilumkiso. Iproteni enika eso signali ibizwa ngokuba yi-interferon.
Eli gama linomdla kakhulu. Ezi "ziphazamisa" iintsholongwane ezifana neentsholongwane ngokuzalana emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, ekubeni zibe zezosulelayo. Yiyo loo nto zibizwa ngokuba 'zii-interferons'.
Ngoko ke, nangona ezi ziveliswa ngokwendalo emizimbeni yethu, zenziwe ngobuchule ngoososayensi kwiilabhoratri kwaye zisetyenziswa njengonyango lwezifo ezahlukeneyo. I-Interferon yaqala ukudalwa ngale ndlela ngo-1986 ukunyanga iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza.
Isebenza njani i-interferon?
Ii-Interferons zifana nomgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kwinkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu. Xa iseli yosulelwe yintsholongwane, loo seli ivelisa ii-interferons kwaye ithumela isilumkiso kwiiseli eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. Njengokungathi ithi, "Nanku utshaba lusiza, vuselela ukuzikhusela kwakho!"
Xa esi siginali sifunyanwa, nezinye iiseli nazo zilungiselela ukulwa nentsholongwane. I-Interferon ikwabiza nabanye abalwi kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela (njengolunye uhlobo lweproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-cytokines) ukuba bajoyine umlo.
Le yinto efanayo eyenzekayo kwi-interferon elawulwa ngokwenziwa.
- Ixelela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba "itshabalalise ezi seli."
- Iyathintela iiseli zomhlaza kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingahlukani kwaye zingasasazeki.
- Inceda iiseli ezisempilweni ukuba zilwe nosulelo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-interferons.
- I-Interferon-alpha
- I-Interferon-beta
- I-Interferon-gamma
Zeziphi izifo ezinyangwa nge-interferon njengeyeza?
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-interferons zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Jonga itheyibhile engezantsi ukuze ufumane ingcaciso elula ukuyiqonda.
| Uhlobo lwe-interferon | Iimeko ezinyangwayo |
|---|---|
| I-Interferon-alpha |
|
| I-Interferon-beta | Kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sokuzikhusela komzimba esibizwa ngokuba yiMultiple Sclerosis (MS). Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba kwimithambo-luvo ebuchotsheni nakwi-spinal cord. |
| I-Interferon-gamma |
|
Lunikwa njani olu nyango?
Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika eli yeza njengenaliti phantsi kwesikhumba okanye kwisihlunu . Ngamanye amaxesha linokunikwa njengenaliti emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa esibhedlele okanye eklinikhi. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi uya kukufundisa indlela yokuzinika inaliti ekhaya.
Uhlobo lwamayeza anikiweyo, idosi, kunye nokuba aza kunikwa ixesha elingakanani kuya kuxhomekeka kwimeko yakho yempilo.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengozi zonyango lwe-interferon?
Njengalo naliphi na iyeza elinamandla, unyango lwe-interferon lunokuba nemiphumo emibi kunye neengxaki. Kodwa khumbula, ugqirha wakho ucebisa olu nyango kuwe kuba iingenelo zingaphezulu kakhulu kuneengozi ezinokubakho.
Musa ukoyika ukuxoxa ngokukhululekileyo ngayo nayiphi na kwezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nogqirha wakho ukuze akwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo.
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo kunye neengxaki ezinokuba yingozi | |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo abantu abaninzi abazifumanayo | |
| Iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane | Iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukugodola, iintlungu zomzimba, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye nokucaphuka zinokubakho emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokuthatha iyeza. Ezi zihlala ziphela kwiiyure ezingama-24. |
| Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga | Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba, ukudinwa kakhulu, ukulahleka kweenwele (i-alopecia), ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-erectile kumadoda kunokwenzeka. |
| Iingxaki ezinokuba yingozi ezifuna ingqalelo ekhethekileyo | |
| Iingxaki zentliziyo | Abanye abantu banokuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuxhalaba ngakumbi ukuba unesifo sentliziyo. |
| Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo | Abanye abantu banokuba noxinzelelo okanye iingcinga ezimbi ngobomi. Ukuba sele unengxaki yempilo yengqondo, ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga ngokusondeleyo ngeli xesha lonyango. |
| Iingxaki zamehlo | Ukuba uneengxaki ezifana ne-diabetes retinopathy, eli yeza linokuba mandundu ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho ngaphambi nangexesha lonyango. |
| Iingxaki ze-thyroid | Abanye abantu banokuba neemeko ezifana ne-thyroid gland esebenza kakhulu (i-hyperthyroidism) okanye i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kakuhle (i-hypothyroidism). |
| Iingxaki zemiphunga | Ukuba unezifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-bronchitis okanye i-pneumonia, eli yeza linokuba mandundu ngakumbi. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Interferon yindlela yendalo yokuzikhusela emzimbeni wethu elwa neentsholongwane kunye neeseli zomhlaza.
- I-Interferon, eveliswa kwiilebhu, lunyango olunamandla lwezifo ezinzulu ezifana ne-hepatitis, i-multiple sclerosis (MS), kunye neminye imihlaza.
- Olu nyango lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ezifana nomkhuhlane. Kukwakho nomngcipheko omncinci weengxaki ezinkulu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.
- Zive ukhululekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokungonwabi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onokuzifumana.
- Ungaze utshintshe umthamo okanye uyeke ukuthatha amayeza akho ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. Ugqirha wakho ukhethe olu nyango ngenxa yempilo-ntle yakho.
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