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Masifunde ngakumbi malunga nosulelo lwezintso (iPyelonephritis)! Qhubeka ufunda ngaphandle koloyiko!

MBBS
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📅 Updated: Jul 16, 2026 • ⏱ 11 min read • Umgaqo-nkqubo woHlelo
Masifunde ngakumbi malunga nosulelo lwezintso (iPyelonephritis)! Qhubeka ufunda ngaphandle koloyiko!
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Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi uyatsha xa uchama, uneentlungu ecaleni okanye emqolo ongezantsi, kunye nomkhuhlane? Okanye uziva ngathi uza kutyhafa? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zosulelo lwezintso. Ungakhathazeki, le yimeko enokuchaphazela abantu abaninzi, kodwa ukuba uyazi kwaye ufumana unyango ngexesha, inokunyangeka ngokukhawuleza. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula ngale ntsholongwane yezintso, oogqirha abayibiza ngokuba yi-(Pyelonephritis).
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Ngaba uyazi ukuba yintoni isifo sezintso (pyelonephritis)?

Ngamafutshane, usulelo lwezintso lusulelo lwenkqubo yomchamo, njengoko sonke sisazi, (Usulelo lweMchamo - UTI). Kodwa okwenzekayo kweli tyala kukuba iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya, ezivela kwindawo efana nesinyi sakho, zihamba ziye kwi-ureters kwaye zichaphazele enye okanye zombini izintso. Ukuchaneka, usulelo lusasazeka luye kwizintso. Le yimeko efuna ingqalelo engaphezulu kunosulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo kwaye ifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo. Kuba izintso sisitho esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ngokwezibalo eMelika, malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-2000 uba nale meko minyaka le. Le meko inokubonwa rhoqo eSri Lanka, ingakumbi phakathi kwabasetyhini.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kosulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo (UTI) kunye nosulelo lwezintso?

Xa uninzi lwabantu lucinga nge-UTI, bacinga ngentsholongwane encinci kwisinyi okanye kwi-urethra. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yintsholongwane esezantsi kwe-urinary tract. Intsholongwane yezintso nayo yi-UTI, kodwa yintsholongwane engentla ye-urinary tract. Iimpawu zazo zombini ngamanye amaxesha ziyafana. Umzekelo, unokufumana imvakalelo yokutsha xa uchama. Nangona kunjalo, xa unentsholongwane yezintso, unokufumana intlungu ekhawulezileyo, enzima kumqolo wakho ongezantsi okanye emqolo . Oku kunokuvakala kukrakra ngakumbi kune-UTI eqhelekileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwezintso? Ungaluchonga njani?

Kulungile, makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili esinokuziva size sizibone xa sinesifo sezintso. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uye kugqirha, akunjalo?
  • Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane ophezulu udla ngokuvela ngequbuliso.
  • Ukuva ubanda kwaye uqhaqhazela: Oku kunokwenzeka nangomkhuhlane.
  • Intlungu esezantsi komqolo, okanye intlungu ecaleni: Olu luphawu olukhulu abantu abaninzi abaluxelayo. Olu buhlungu lunokuvakala ecaleni apho kukho khona izintso.
  • Ukutsha kunye nentlungu xa uchama: Olu luphawu oluqhelekileyo.
  • I-Haematuria: Umchamo ungabonakala ubomvu, upinki okanye umdaka.
  • Umchamo omnyama ngombala kwaye unevumba elibi (Pyuria): Oku kunokwenzeka xa kukho izinto ezifana nobomvu kumchamo.
  • Ukuchama rhoqo, umnqweno wokuchama ngequbuliso: Kufuneka uchame kancinci kancinci, kodwa rhoqo.
  • Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza : Abanye abantu banokuba nazo ezi mpawu.
  • Ukuziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe: Oku kukwayinto eza nosulelo.
Ezi mpawu azibonakali ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu. Abanye abantu banokuba nazo ezimbalwa kuphela.

Kutheni sifumana usulelo lwezintso? Zithini izizathu?

Uninzi lwexesha, malunga ne-90% yazo zonke izifo zezintso zibangelwa ziibhaktheriya . Azifane zibangele iintsholongwane, kodwa oku kunqabile kubantu abasempilweni. Ezinye iibhaktheriya ezihlala emathunjini ethu amakhulu, njenge-E. coli, zezona zibangela. Ezi bhaktheriya ngandlela ithile zingena kwindlela yomchamo zize zihambe ziye ezintso. Ezinye iintlobo zeebhaktheriya ezinokubangela oku ziquka:
  • I-Proteus mirabilis
  • I-Enterobacter
  • I-Staphylococcus
Ngoku khangela, into eyenziwa zizintso zethu kukucoca nokucoca inkunkuma esemzimbeni wethu size senze umchamo. Lo mchamo udlula kwiityhubhu ze-"ureters" uze uqokelele kwi-"bladder". Umchamo ugcinwa apho de siye kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Emva koko, umchamo uphuma emzimbeni ngenye ityhubhu, i-"urethra". Ngokwesiqhelo, ngeli xesha le nkqubo, naziphi na iintsholongwane ezinokuba zikwindlela yomchamo ziyahlanjwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntsholongwane zinokuhamba ziye kwi-urethra zize zibangele usulelo kwisinyi (cystitis). Ukusuka apho, ezi ntsholongwane zinokuhamba ziye kwintso enye okanye zombini zize zibangele usulelo lwezintso. Amaxesha amaninzi, iintsholongwane ezingena egazini zivela kwisulelo kwenye indawo emzimbeni zinokuhamba ngegazi zize zosulele izintso.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo lwezintso?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo lwezintso kunabanye. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezo zifo.
  • Ukuvaleka kwendlela yomchamo: Khawuthelekelele, ukuba kukho ukuvaleka kwenye indawo kwindlela yakho yomchamo, oko kuthetha ukuba umchamo awukwazi ukuphuma kakuhle, umchamo unokunamathela kwindawo enye kwaye iintsholongwane zinokukhula ngokulula ziye ezintso.
  • Umzekelo, amatye ezintso (le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi eSri Lanka, ngamanye amaxesha ibangela iintlungu zomqolo ezinganyamezelekiyo).
  • Njengoko amadoda ekhula, i-prostate gland yawo iyakhula (oku kwenza kube nzima ukuchama).
  • Abafazi bane- uterine prolapse (into esiyibona ngamanye amaxesha koomama bethu nakoomakhulu bethu).
  • Kwaye kwakhona,Le ngozi inokwanda ngenxa yoxinzelelo kwisinyi ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Njengoko umntwana ekhula, i-urethra iyacinezelwa, nto leyo enokwenza kube nzima ukuchama kakuhle.
  • I-Vesicoureteral reflux: Eli ligama elintsonkothileyo, kodwa lithetha nje ukuba umchamo uhamba ngendlela engalunganga, ukusuka kwisinyi ubuyela kwizintso. Oku kukwangunobangela omkhulu wosulelo lwezintso , ingakumbi kubantwana abancinci.
  • Iimeko ezinyusa umngcipheko wakho wokosulelwa: Ukuba unesifo seswekile , amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho awalawulwa kakuhle, kwaye unamathuba amaninzi okufumana usulelo. Kwakhona, abantu abasulelekileyo yi-HIV okanye abo bathatha amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba (umz., abo bafumana izitho zomzimba, izigulane ezinomhlaza) basengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo lwezintso.
  • I-Anatomy: Ngenxa yokuba abafazi bane-urethra emfutshane kunamadoda , iintsholongwane zinokuhamba ngokulula ukusuka kwindawo yelindle ukuya kwi-urethra, isinyi, kunye nezintso. Yiyo loo nto abafazi benamathuba amaninzi okufumana ii-UTI kunye nosulelo lwezintso.
  • Ukusetyenziswa kweeCatheters zomchamo: Abantu abanee-catheters zomchamo ixesha elide nabo basengozini enkulu yosulelo.

Ngaba usulelo lwezintso lunokuba yingozi? Zithini iingxaki?

Ewe, usulelo lwezintso ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi . Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, abantu abadala, abo banezinye iimeko zempilo ezifana nesifo seswekile, okanye abo bangafumani unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ezinye zeengxaki eziphambili zezi:
  • I-Emphysematous pyelonephritis: Le yimeko embi kakhulu. Kule meko, iintsholongwane zitshabalalisa izicubu zezintso zize zivelise igesi. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesifo seswekile.
  • I-Renal papillary necrosis: Oku kubangela umonakalo kwiindawo ezibuthathaka kakhulu zezintso.
  • Ithumba lezintso: Ubovu bunokubuthana ngaphakathi okanye bujikeleze izintso.
  • I-Sepsis: Yimeko esongela ubomi apho usulelo lusasazeka khona luye egazini luze luchaphazele umzimba wonke.
  • Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo: Ukuba usulelo lwezintso luyaqhubeka, okanye ukuba izintso zonakaliswe lusulelo olunzima, izintso zinokungasebenzi kakuhle ekugqibeleni.
Kungoko ke kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uneempawu zosulelo lwezintso.

Ugqirha uluchonga njani usulelo lwezintso?

Ngugqirha kuphela onokukuxelela ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unentsholongwane yezintso. Xa ubona ugqirha, baya kuqala bamamele iimpawu zakho baze babuze ngazo. Baya kuhlola umzimba, ingakumbi bekhangela iintlungu ecaleni lomqolo wakho. Ukongeza, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:
  • Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Oku kunokujonga iintsholongwane, ubomvu, kunye negazi kumchamo.
  • Ukukhula komchamo: Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba zeziphi iibhaktheriya ezibangela usulelo kunye nokuba zeziphi ii-antibiotics ezifanelekileyo kulo.
  • Uvavanyo lwegazi: Oku kunceda ukujonga imeko yosulelo lwegazi (umz. inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi) kunye nokusebenza kwezintso.
  • Iiskeni zezintso: Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba usulelo lunzima okanye ukuba kukho into erhanelekayo, njengelitye lezintso, i-CT scan yezintso okanye i-renal ultrasound ingacelwa.
Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo lomchamo, njengomkhuhlane kunye nentlungu esiswini sakho esisezantsi, isenokuba lusulelo lwezintso. Nangona kunjalo, ungazami ukwenza izigqibo wedwa.

Unyanga njani usulelo lwezintso?

Usulelo lwezintso ludla ngokuphathwa ngee -antibiotics . Ugqirha wakho uya kukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane omawuwathathe ngomlomo okanye ngenaliti. Kuya kufuneka uwathathe la mayeza kanye njengoko ebekiwe ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-14 (iiveki ezimbini). Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, kunokufuneka uwathathe amayeza ixesha elide. Ukuba ugula kakhulu, unomkhuhlane ongapheliyo, uyahlanza, awukwazi ukutya okanye ukusela, okanye awuziva bhetele ngokukhawuleza ngee-antibiotics, kunokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele kwaye unikwe i-saline kunye nee-antibiotics ngemithambo yegazi .

Zeziphi iintlobo zamayeza ezinikwayo?

Ugqirha angakunika i-antibiotic enye okanye ezingaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho kunye nengxelo yenkcubeko yomchamo (eya kuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukufika):
  • I-Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
  • Amoxicillin okanye Augmentin
  • Ceftriaxone okanye Cephalexin
  • Ciprofloxacin okanye Levofloxacin
La ngamanye amayeza aqhele ukucetyiswa. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha uza kukumisela amayeza afanelekileyo kuwe.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva kokuthatha iyeza?

Ngokwesiqhelo, uza kuqala ukuziva ungcono kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuqala amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Umkhuhlane uza kuncipha, iintlungu ziya kuncipha. Kwabanye abantu, kungathatha ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthathe onke amayeza anikwe ngugqirha ngexesha, ungaphoswa lusuku olunye, nokuba uzive ungcono.Kungenjalo, ukuba uyayeka ukuyisebenzisa, usulelo lunokubuya, mhlawumbi lube lubi nangakumbi, kwaye iintsholongwane zinokumelana nee-antibiotics.

Asinakuthintela na ukosuleleka zizintso? Simele senze ntoni?

Usulelo lwezintso ludla ngokuqala ngosulelo lwesinyi. Ngoko ke, ukuthintela usulelo olusezantsi lomchamo linyathelo lokuqala nelilungileyo lokuthintela usulelo lwezintso. Nazi izinto ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu onokuzenza ukuze wenze oko:
  • Sela amanzi amaninzi: Sela ubuncinane iiglasi ezisi-8-10 zamanzi ngosuku. Oku kuya kunceda ukukhupha umchamo, nto leyo eya kunceda ukunciphisa amathuba okuba iintsholongwane ziqokeleleke kwindawo enye. Kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba ufuna amanzi angakanani.
  • Musa ukuzibamba xa kufuneka uchame: Khupha isinyi sakho ngokupheleleyo xa sigcwele. Ukugcina umchamo kwandisa amathuba okukhula kweebhaktheriya.
  • Chama ngaphambi nasemva kokwabelana ngesondo: Oku kukhupha iintsholongwane ezinokuba zingene kwindlela yokuchama ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo.
  • Hlala ucocekile: Hlamba umzimba wakho yonke imihla kwaye uhlale ucocekile. Tshintsha impahla yakho yangaphantsi yonke imihla. Musa ukunxiba impahla yangaphantsi emanzi okanye ebilayo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa impahla yangaphantsi eyenziwe ngezinto ezifana nekotoni.
  • Xa usiya kwigumbi lokuhlambela, sula ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubafazi. Ukusula ngale ndlela kunceda ukuthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni kwilungu lobufazi nakwi-urethra.
  • Lumka xa usebenzisa isepha kunye ne-deodorants kwindawo yelungu lobufazi: Iisepha ezirhabaxa kunye nezitshizi zinokutshabalalisa iintsholongwane zendalo ezikhuselayo kwilungu lobufazi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba libe sesichengeni sosulelo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana usulelo lwezintso? Yintoni onokuyenza ekhaya?

Ngokwesiqhelo, usulelo lwezintso, ukuba lunyangwa ngokukhawuleza, luya kuphola ngokukhawuleza kwaye alubangeli ngxaki zinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinje, unokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango:
  • Ukuba uneentlungu ezininzi, ukuba awukwazi ukulawula umkhuhlane wakho, ukuba uqhubeka nokuhlanza.
  • Ukuba unezifo ezithi zingene emzimbeni wakho (umz. i-sepsis).
  • Ukuba unesifo esingabonakaliyo (esifana nesifo seswekile, i-HIV) esenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho.
  • Ukuba usulelo alupheli ngee-antibiotics ezinikwa ekhaya.
Ekhaya, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane achazwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukongeza:
  • Sela amanzi amaninzi kunye nolwelo. Oku kuya kunceda izintso zakho zilwe nosulelo kwaye kuncede ekukhupheni iintsholongwane.
  • Ziphephe utywala neziselo ezine-caffeine (iti, ikofu, i-cola) okwethutyana. Ezi zinto zivuselela isinyi kwaye zinokunyusa isidingo sokuchama rhoqo.
  • Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Ukuphumla umzimba wakho kuyawunceda ukuba uphile emva kosulelo.
  • Ukuba unesihlungu, ungathetha nogqirha wakho uze ufumane iyeza elifanelekileyo lokunciphisa iintlungu. Ukufaka ibhotile yamanzi ashushu emqolo wakho nako kunokukunceda.
Khumbula, musa ukuzama ukunyanga usulelo lwezintso ngamayeza asekhaya kuphela. Unyango lwezonyango lubalulekile.

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha? Ngaba kufuneka ndiye kwiSebe leeNgxamiseko (ETU) ?

Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo lwezintso, ezinje ngobunzima bokuchama, utshintsho kumchamo wakho (njengegazi okanye umchamo omnyama), okanye iintlungu zomqolo kunye nomkhuhlane, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuba uneempawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye ezinye iimeko zempilo ezinzulu , kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane (ER) ngoko nangoko:
  • Kulungile ukuba nomkhuhlane ophezulu ngequbuliso, okanye ukuba nentlungu yomqolo enganyamezelekiyo.
  • Akukho phantse kukho ukuchama, okanye akukho mchamo mkhulu.
  • Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokozela.
  • Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla.
  • Ukuhlanza okungapheliyo.
  • Ndiziva ngathi ujika ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ezi azizompawu zilungileyo ekufuneka uziqaphele, kwaye kufuneka iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Xa ubona ugqirha wakho, kufuneka uyiqonde kakuhle imeko yakho. Ngoko ke kuya kuba luncedo kuwe ukubuza le mibuzo:
  • Ndingawasebenzisa njani kanye kanye la mayeza? Ndingawasebenzisa ixesha elingakanani?
  • Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezivela kweli yeza?
  • Yintoni enye endinokuyenza ekhaya ukuze ndikwazi ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza? Ngaba kukho into endifanele ndiyiqwalasele ngokukodwa xa kufikwa ekutyeni nasekuseleni?
  • Ndingaqala nini ukubuyela emsebenzini?
  • Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela ukuba usulelo lwezintso lungaphindi lwenzeke?
  • Ngaba olu sulelo lunokubangela umonakalo ohlala ixesha elide kwizintso zam?
  • Ngaba kufuneka ndize kugqirha kwakhona?
Ukongeza kule mibuzo, ungoyiki ukubuza nantoni na onayo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Usulelo lwezintso yimeko efuna ingqalelo ethile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyazibona iimpawu kwangethuba, ubone ugqirha ngexesha, kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo, ungazinyanga ngokupheleleyo. Akukho nto inokubangela ukukhathazeka ngayo. Khumbula, ngokugcina ucoceko oluhle, ukusela amanzi amaninzi, kunye nokukhupha isinyi sakho ngokupheleleyo ngexesha, unokuthintela usulelo lwendlela yomchamo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, usulelo lwezintso. Ukuba ungumntu ofumana usulelo lwendlela yomchamo rhoqo, okanye ukuba unesifo esingaphantsi esikwenza ube sesichengeni sosulelo (umz. isifo seswekile, amatye ezintso), thetha nogqirha wakho ngaso kunye neendlela ezikhethekileyo zokuthintela usulelo. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho. Lumka!
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