Yintoni umlutha? Singathetha ngayo kancinci?

Zingaphi izihlandlo oziva ngazo igama elithi "umlutha"? Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva kwiphephandaba, kwiTV, okanye nakumhlobo. Yintoni kanye kanye "umlutha"? Kutheni siwuthatha nzulu kangaka? Ungawuchaphazela njani ubomi bomntu? Kulungile, masithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngendlela elula namhlanje, ngendlela onokuyiqonda. Ungakhathazeki, le yintetho nje yokwazisa.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba likhoboka, ngokufutshane?

Ngamafutshane, umlutha ngumnqweno onamandla kakhulu wokwenza okanye wokusebenzisa into enzima kakhulu ukuyilawula. Oko kukuthi, ingqondo itsalelwa kuyo kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ungayiyenzi. Oku akusiyo nje umkhwa ombi. Yinto enzima kakhulu kwaye inzulu. Khawucinge, kuthekani ukuba ubufuna ukutya ukutya okufanayo kungekuphela nje ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini, kodwa kuthekani ukuba ubungenakukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwako? Kwenzeka into efanayo ngomlutha, kodwa unamandla ngakumbi. Uqala ukulawula ubomi bomntu bonke, iingcinga zakhe, iimvakalelo zakhe, kunye nezenzo zakhe. Kwiziyobisi, umntu uyasokola ukuyeka ukwenza loo nto, nangona esazi ukuba inemiphumo emibi. Nangona efuna, kunzima ukumelana naloo mnqweno.

Zeziphi izinto ezinokubangela umlutha?

Xa sisithi "umlutha," sihlala sicinga ngeziyobisi. Kodwa eneneni, kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezinokubangela umlutha.

Umlutha weziyobisi

Olu luhlobo lomlutha esilubonayo nesithetha ngalo rhoqo.

• Iicuba: Ezi zinokuba ngumlutha ngokulula ngenxa yekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-nicotine .
• Utywala: Nangona buqhelekile eluntwini, utywala bunokuba ngumlutha kakhulu.
• Intsangu / Ukhula : Nangona abanye abantu benokucinga ukuba oku akubi kangako, intsangu inokuba ngumlutha, ingakumbi xa isetyenziswa isencinci.
• Iziyobisi ezifana neHeroin kunye neCocaine: Ezi ziziyobisi ezinamandla kakhulu, ezibangela umlutha kakhulu, kwaye ziyingozi kakhulu. Zinokukulimaza ngokwenene, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zide zikubulale.

Xa sisebenzisa ezi zinto, siba ngamakhoboka olonwabo lwexeshana ezilunikayo, kwaye kancinci kancinci ziba yinto engenakuphepheka.

Ngaba unokuba likhoboka leendlela zokuziphatha? (Iingxaki zokuziphatha)

Ewe, ungamangaliswa kukuba, umntu unokuba likhoboka leendlela ezithile zokuziphatha nangona engenazo iziyobisi. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba "ziZiyobisi zoKuziphatha." Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Umlutha Wokungcakaza: Ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukungcakaza, nokuba uyaphumelela okanye ulahlekelwa yimali.
• Umlutha we-Intanethi/weMidiya yoLuntu:Ndichitha imini yonke ndisebenzisa ifowuni yam, ndicinga ngezinto endizithandayo nezindinika izimvo.
• Umlutha weMidlalo: Ukudlala imidlalo iiyure ezininzi ngaphandle kokutya, ukusela, okanye ukulala.
• Ukuthanda ukuthenga: Ukungakwazi ukuyeka ukuthenga izinto ngaphandle kwesidingo okanye ngaphandle kwemali.

Kwanakwizinto ezinje, ingqondo iyaqhelana nolonwabo lwexeshana olulufumanayo xa isenza eso senzo, ize ingakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwalo.

Kwenzeka njani ukuba likhoboka? Kwenzeka ntoni engqondweni?

Oku kungokwesayensi kancinci, kodwa ndiza kukuchaza ngokulula. Kukho inxalenye yengqondo yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Reward System." Xa sisitya isidlo esimnandi, sifumana ukunconywa, okanye senza into esiyithandayo, eli ziko likhupha iikhemikhali ezifana ne-"Dopamine." Oku kusenza sizive sonwabile kwaye sanelisekile. Oku kuqhelekile kwaye kungokwemvelo. Nangona kunjalo, xa sisebenzisa izinto ezifana neziyobisi, le "Reward System" ivuselelwa ngequbuliso, ngamandla amakhulu. Isinika "ukukhaba" okungaqhelekanga, okukhulu kunolonwabo oluqhelekileyo. Ingxaki iqala apha. Ingqondo iqhela olu lwazi luphezulu lwe-"Dopamine." Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izinto ezimbini zenzeka: 1. Ukunyamezela: Ukuze ufumane ulonwabo olukhulu olufanayo owawunalo ngaphambili, kufuneka usebenzise ngakumbi nangakumbi iyeza. Awusaziva ulonwabo ngenxa yobungakanani obuncinci. 2. Iimpawu zokurhoxa: Xa uyeka okanye unciphisa ukusebenzisa iyeza, uqala ukufumana iimpawu ezingathandekiyo emzimbeni nasengqondweni yakho. Umzekelo, ukudinwa, iintlungu zomzimba, iintloko ezibuhlungu, ukungalali, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, iintlungu zesisu, ukubila okugqithisileyo, ukungcangcazela, ixhala, kunye nokucaphuka. Ukuze ubaleke kwezi mpawu zokurhoxa, uqala ukusebenzisa esi sidakamizwa kwakhona. Oku kufana nomjikelo onzima. Le yindlela umntu awela ngayo kancinci kancinci kumngxuma wokulutha.

Zithini iimpawu zokuba nesifo somlutha? Uzibona njani?

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi ezinokukunceda ubone ukuba umntu ukhotyokile na. Ukuba nenye okanye ezimbini kwezi akuthethi ukuba umntu ukhotyokile, kodwa ukuba ubona ezininzi zazo zilandelelana, kufuneka ukhathazeke.

• Umnqweno ongapheliyo, ongalawulekiyo wokwenza/ukusebenzisa loo nto (iziyobisi okanye ukuziphatha).
• Ukusebenzisa okanye ukwenza into ngobuninzi okanye ixesha elide kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe ekuqaleni.
• Ndizama ukuyeka okanye ukunciphisa ukwenza loo nto, kodwa ndingakwazi ukuyenza.
• Kuthatha ixesha elininzi nomgudu ukuyifumana, ukuyisebenzisa, nokuchacha kwimiphumo yayo.
• Olu mlutha lubangela ukuba imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla , imisebenzi yomsebenzi, izifundo, kunye noxanduva losapho lungananzwa okanye lungenziwa ngendlela efanelekileyo.
• Ukwazi ukuba oku kuya kubangela iingxaki zomzimba nezengqondo,(umz., ukutshaya icuba nokuba ukhohlela, ukungcakaza nokuba ulahlekelwe yimali) Ukuqhubeka nokwenza loo nto.
• Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukunyamezelana kuyanda (kufuna idosi ephezulu ukuze ufumane ulonwabo olufanayo) kwaye iimpawu zokurhoxa ziyenzeka xa iyeza liyekiswa.
• Olu mlutha lubangela ukuba abantu bazilahle okanye bazikhwebule kwizinto ezifana nobudlelwane nabantu, ubudlelwane bosapho, kunye nezinto abazithandayo .

Khawucinge nje, unomhlobo owayesela utywala obuncinci. Kodwa ngoku usela phantse yonke imihla, nokuba kusekusasa. Akayi emsebenzini. Uhlala esilwa nosapho lwakhe. Nangona efuna ukuyeka, akanakukwenza oko. Olu luhlobo lwemeko oyibonayo xa umntu exhomekeke kwiziyobisi.

Kutheni abanye abantu beba ngamakhoboka lula kunabanye?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Kutheni abanye abantu besebenzisa iziyobisi ngendlela efanayo, kodwa omnye umntu abe likhoboka ngelixa omnye engazenzi? Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku.

• Izinto Ezibangela Ufuzo: Ukuba umntu kusapho (abazali, abantakwabo noodadewabo) wayenomlutha, abanye banokuba nomdla "wemfuza", oko kukuthi, umngcipheko, wokuba likhoboka. Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu onokuba likhoboka ngenxa nje yokuba enemizila yemfuza.
• Ukuqala Kwangethuba: Umngcipheko wokuba likhoboka uphezulu kakhulu ukuba uqala ukusebenzisa iziyobisi, ingakumbi usemncinci, xa ingqondo ingekakhuli ngokupheleleyo.
• Iingxaki Zempilo Yengqondo : Abantu abanezifo zengqondo ezifana 'noxinzelelo', ' uxinzelelo' , ' uxinzelelo' banokusebenzisa iziyobisi njengendlela yokuphelisa iintlungu noxinzelelo okwethutyana. Kodwa oko kwenza imeko ibe mandundu.
• Izinto Ezichaphazela Indalo: Ukuhlala kwindawo apho iziyobisi zifumaneka lula khona, uxinzelelo loontanga, iingxaki zosapho, kunye namava abuhlungu nako kunokubangela ukuba umntu abe likhoboka.
• Uhlobo Lweziyobisi: Ezinye iziyobisi (umz., i-heroin, i-cocaine) zikhawuleza kwaye zinamandla okulutha kunezinye.

Ngaba ukuba likhoboka bubuthathaka okanye sisifo?

Eli linqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukuba likhoboka kukungabi namandla engqondo, ubuthathaka, kunye nokuwohloka kokuziphatha. Ngenxa yoko, bajonga umntu olikhoboka ngokungathi bajonga isaphuli-mthetho.

Kodwa eneneni, ukuba likhoboka lotywala sisifo sengqondo esinyangekayo nesintsonkothileyo, njengesifo seswekile okanye isifo sentliziyo. Asikuko ukukhetha.

Umlutha utshintsha ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wobuchopho. Yiyo loo nto kunzima ukulawula. Ke ngoko, endaweni yokugxeka umntu omlutha, kubalulekile ukumqonda ngovelwano kwaye umncede.

Ndingalufumana njani uncedo? Ngaba lukhona unyango?

Ewe! Ezi zezona ndaba zibalaseleyo. Kukho unyango lokulutha, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo kwikhoboka lokulutha. Kodwa kuthatha ixesha, ukuzinikela, kunye nenkxaso kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki yoku, nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza: 1. Thetha nomntu omthembayo: Into yokuqala omawuyenze kukuthetha nomntu omthembayo ngaphandle kokuyigcina kuwe. Oku kungaba lilungu losapho, umhlobo olungileyo, utitshala, inkokheli yonqulo, okanye 'ugqirha'. 2. Funa ingcebiso kagqirha: Funa ingcebiso 'kugqirha ofanelekileyo', 'ugqirha wengqondo', okanye 'umcebisi'. Banokuvavanya imeko yakho kwaye baphuhlise isicwangciso sonyango esisebenza kakuhle kuwe. 3. Iindlela zonyango:

• Unyango lwezonyango: Kukho amayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu zokurhoxa kunye nokunciphisa inkanuko. La mayeza afumaneka kuphela kumyalelo kagqirha.
• Unyango lweNgcebiso kunye noNyango lokuziphatha: Unyango lukunceda ukuba uthethe kwaye ulawule imiba yempilo yengqondo kunye neemvakalelo ezikhokelele ekubeni ube likhoboka. Unyango olufana neCognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) lunokukunceda utshintshe iingcinga kunye nokuziphatha okubangela umlutha kwaye ufunde iindlela ezintsha nezisempilweni zokujongana neengxaki.
• Amaziko Okubuyisela Umva: Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuhlala kwiziko lokubuyisela umva okwethutyana baze bafumane unyango. Apho, bafumana unyango olwahlukeneyo kunye nenkxaso kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.
• Amaqela eNkxaso: Ukujoyina amaqela enkxaso afana ne-'Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)' (kwabo baxhomekeke kutywala) kunye ne-'Narcotics Anonymous (NA)' (kwabo baxhomekeke kutywala) kunokuba yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu yokufumana amava, ukhuthazo, kunye nenkxaso kwabanye abajongene nengxaki efanayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ungoyiki okanye ube neentloni ukucela uncedo.Kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile emva kokulutha. Kunzima ukuhamba olu hambo wedwa, ngoko ke qiniseka ukuba ufuna inkxaso.

Ngaba umlutha ungathintelwa?

Ukuthintela umlutha kubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi kubantu abancinci.

• Ukuqonda iingozi zeziyobisi: Yazi ngokupheleleyo ukuba zeziphi iziyobisi, zinokuba yingozi kangakanani, kunye nomngcipheko wokulutha. Olu lwazi kufuneka lunikwe zizikolo nabazali.
• Ukufunda ukuthi "Hayi": Ukuba uphantsi kwengcinezelo yokusebenzisa iziyobisi ezivela kubahlobo okanye nakubani na, yithi "hayi" kuyo kwaye wenze isigqibo sokuyiphepha. Abahlobo bokwenene abasoze bakunyanzele ukuba wenze nantoni na engalunganga.
• Iindlela eziphilileyo zokujongana noxinzelelo: Kuqhelekile ukuba noxinzelelo ebomini. Endaweni yokufuna iimpendulo zalo ngokusebenzisa iziyobisi, zama ukunciphisa olo xinzelelo ngeendlela ezisempilweni ezifana 'nokudlala imidlalo', 'ukuzilolonga', 'ukucamngca', ukuzibandakanya kwinto oyithandayo, okanye ukuthetha nomhlobo olungileyo.
• Ukufuna uncedo kwangethuba: Ukuba ujamelene nobunzima ngokweemvakalelo, uzive unesizungu, okanye uziva uxinezelekile ziingxaki, thetha nomntu omdala omthembayo, umcebisi, ngaloo nto. Musa ukubandezeleka wedwa.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngokulutha namhlanje. Okokugqibela, khumbula la manqaku.

• Ukulutha akulokhetho okanye ubuthathaka bokuziphatha. Sisifo esinokunyangwa esichaphazela ingqondo.
• Ukuba likhoboka kunokuchaphazela nabani na, nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, nokuba uvela phi na. Ngoko ke musa ukubekela bucala nabani na.
• Ukulutha kunokuba nemiphumo emibi kakhulu emzimbeni, engqondweni, kwintlalo, nakwezoqoqosho.
• Kukho uncedo kunye nonyango. Kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo kwingxaki yokulutha. Kufuneka ukuzinikela kunye nenkxaso efanelekileyo.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki yokulutha, nceda ucele uncedo. Musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika.
• Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuthintela umlutha, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukufundisa isizukulwana esitsha, ingakumbi ngale nto.

Khumbula, ukuba likhoboka akusosiphelo sohambo. Ngenkxaso efanelekileyo, ukuqonda, kunye nonyango, nabani na angoyisa le meko aze aphile ubomi obusempilweni nobonwabisayo. Awuwedwa.

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