Ngaba uyalwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho? Masithethe ngalo ngokulula!

Sonke sinohlobo lwethu lwegazi olwahlukileyo. Njengeminwe yethu. Mhlawumbi uyalwazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi. Mhlawumbi awazi. Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda nje ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo zegazi kwaye kutheni zibalulekile. Kuba le yinto echaphazela ngqo impilo yethu.

Ziziphi ezi ntlobo zegazi?

Ngamafutshane, igazi lethu lahlukile kancinci kwelinye. Olu mahluko lulo oluchaza iintlobo zegazi lethu. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva abantu besithi, "Uhlobo lwegazi lam lune-B ​​positive" okanye "Uhlobo lwegazi lam lune-O negative." Yiyo leyo. Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zegazi. Zezi:

• Uhlobo lwegazi A (A)
• Uhlobo lwegazi B (B)
• Uhlobo lwegazi le-AB
• Uhlobo lwegazi O

Uhlobo ngalunye kwezi luchongwa ziimpawu ezincinci zeekhemikhali kumphezulu weeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi. Cinga ngazo njengeeflegi ezinemibala. Imibala yezi flegi isixelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lethu.

Kutheni ezi ntlobo zegazi zahlukile? Ibali lazo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi!

Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba kutheni ezi ntlobo zegazi zahlulwe zibe yi-A, B, O, kunye ne-AB. Iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi zifana namajoni amancinci athwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. La majoni aneempawu ezikhethekileyo okanye "iibheji" "kwiyunifomu" okanye kumphezulu wawo. Kwizonyango, sizibiza ngokuba yi -"(Antigens)` . Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ze-`(Antigens)` ezichaphazela kakhulu le nkqubo yohlobo lwegazi lwe-ABO: i-A `(Antigen)` kunye ne-B `(Antigen)`.

• Uhlobo lwegazi A: Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zine-antigen A kuphela, ngoko uhlobo lwegazi lakho ngu-A.
• Uhlobo lwegazi B: Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zine-antigen B kuphela, ngoko uhlobo lwegazi lakho yi-B.
• Uhlobo lwegazi lwe-AB: Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zine-antigens ezimbini ze-A kunye ne-B, ngoko uhlobo lwakho lwegazi yi-AB. Aba bantu bane-antigens zombini kwiiseli zabo ezibomvu zegazi.
• Uhlobo lwegazi O: Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi azinazo ii-antigens ze-A okanye ze-B, ngoko uhlobo lwegazi lakho yi-O. U-O uthetha "zero," oko kuthetha ukuba alunazo ezi antigens zithile.

Ukongeza kwezi `(iiAntigens)`, kukho enye into ekhethekileyo egazini lethu, oko kukuthi, `(iPlasma)`. Oko kukuthi `( iiAntibodys )` . Ezi zifana namajoni okhuseleko asebenza nxamnye nezo `(iiAntigens)`. Ezi `(iiAntibodys)` zizo ezilwa nohlobo lwegazi olungalunganga ukuba lungena emzimbeni.

• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi A bane-"Antibodies" (Anti-B) echasene ne-"Antigen" (B). Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlobo lwegazi B aluhambelani nabo.
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi B bane-"Antibodies" (Anti-A) echasene ne-"Antigen" A. Oku kuthetha ukuba uhlobo lwegazi A aluhambelani nabo.
• Uhlobo lwegazi le-ABAbantu abanayo ``Antibodies`` ezichasene nezi ``Antigens``. Ke ngoko, banokufumana iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo (kuquka i-Rh factor) A, B, AB, O (siza kuthetha ngale nto kancinci).
• Abantu abanegazi lohlobo lwe-O banee-antibodies (Anti-A kunye ne-Anti-B) ezichasene neentlobo zegazi ze-A kunye ne-B. Ngenxa yoko, banokufumana igazi lohlobo lwe-O kuphela.

Le nto `(Antigens)` kunye `(Antibodies)` ibaluleke kakhulu xa kunikelwa ngegazi naxa kufunyanwa igazi. Siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kancinci.

Yintoni leyo (+) intle, (-) imbi? (Rh Factor)

Ngoku umele ukuba uvile ngezinto ezifana no-A positive (A+), B negative (B-). Ukongeza ku-A, B, AB, O, kukho enye intwana encinci eyongeziweyo. Oko kukuthi nokuba i-positive (+) okanye i-negative (-). Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-Rh factor `(Rh Factor)` . Olu lolunye uhlobo lwe-`(Antigen)` kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Le `(Antigen)` ibizwa ngokuba yi-D `(Antigen)` (RhD antigen).

• Ukuba unayo le D `(Antigen)` kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, u -Rh positive . Siyibonisa ngophawu (+). Uninzi lwabantu baseSri Lanka lune-Rh positive.
• Ukuba awunayo le D `(Antigen)` kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, u -Rh negative . Sikubonisa oko ngophawu (-). Bambalwa abantu abane-Rh negative.

Ngoko ke, ngoku, xa iintlobo zegazi ze-ABO ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili zidityaniswa nale bali ye-Rh, kuye kuvele uhlobo lwegazi olupheleleyo. Umzekelo:

• I-Positive (A+)
• I-Negative (A-)
• B Ilungile (B+)
• B Negative (B-)
• I-AB positive (AB+)
• I-AB Negative (AB-)
• O elungileyo (O+)
• O negative (O-)

Uyaqonda ngoku? Kusenokubonakala ngathi kuyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, kodwa kulula kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo zimbini, i-ABO kunye ne-Rh, zezona zibalulekileyo xa kunikelwa ngegazi.

Kutheni kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lethu?

Kulungile, ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Kutheni ndingathanda ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lam?" Ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu . Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo.

1. Utofelo-gazi ngexesha likaxakeka

Usenokucinga, "Owu Thixo wam, oku akufanele kwenzeke," kodwa ukuba wenze ingozi kwaye ulahlekelwe ligazi elininzi, okanye ukuba kufuneka wenze utyando olukhulu, kunokufuneka unike igazi elongezelelweyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka unike uhlobo olufanelekileyo lwegazi . Uyazi ukuba yintoni? Ukuba unika uhlobo olungalunganga lwegazi, umzimba wakho uya kuzibona iiseli ezintsha zegazi "njengotshaba" kwaye uqale ukuzihlasela. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-transfusion reaction . Oku kunokuba yingozi kakhulu , ngamanye amaxesha kubangele ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye nokufa. Ukuchaneka, kufana nemfazwe enzima phakathi "kwee-Antigens" kunye "nee-Antibodies" ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili emzimbeni wakho. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba oogqirha balwazi kakuhle uhlobo lwakho lwegazi.

2. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa

Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kubafazi. Ukuba umama une-Rh negative kwaye umntwana osesiswini une-Rh positive (oku kunokufunyanwa ngohlobo lwegazi lukatata), ezinye iingxaki zinokwenzeka. Nangona umntwana wokuqala edla ngokungabi nangxaki zinkulu, ngexesha lokubeleka, ezinye zeeseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana zinokuxubana negazi likamama. Emva koko umzimba kamama uvelisa "ii-Antibodies" ngokuchasene ne-Rh positive "i-Antigen". Ngoku, ukuba umntwana wesibini naye une-Rh positive, "ii-Antibodies" ezazikhe zenziwa emzimbeni kamama zingonakalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi lomntwana. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-Rh incompatibility . Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ezifana ne-anemia kunye ne-jaundice kumntwana. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, kukho unyango olufanelekileyo loku ngoku. Oogqirha bayakujonga oku ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, banike inaliti ebizwa ngokuba yi-Anti-D ukuze kumiswe ukwakheka kwezi antibodies. Ngenxa yoku, kubalulekile ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi likamama.

3. Xa unikela ngegazi

Ukuba ungumnikeli wegazi, ukwazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi kunokukunceda uqonde ukuba ngubani onokumnceda. Kukwanceda iibhanki zegazi ukuba zinike igazi kwizigulana ezifuna iintlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngaba kukho uhlobo lwegazi umntu anokunikela kulo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo? (Umnikeli wehlabathi)

Ewe, kukho uhlobo lwegazi olukhethekileyo. Olu hlobo lwegazi olunegative O. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, ukuba akukho xesha lokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lomguli, oogqirha banokunika iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinegative O. Uyazi ukuba kutheni? Ngenxa yokuba iiseli zegazi ezinegative O azinazo ii-antigens ze-A kunye ne-B kumphezulu wazo, okanye i-antigen ye-Rh D. Ke ngoko, xa eli gazi lifakwa emzimbeni womntu onegazi, umzimba awuphenduli kangako kulo. Yiyo loo nto igazi elinegative O libizwa ngokuba yi-"Universal Donor" (ingakumbi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi).

Kodwa khumbula, oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Kukhuselekile ukunika isigulana uhlobo lwegazi oluhambelanayo (oluhambelana ne-ABO kunye ne-Rh) nanini na kunokwenzeka.

Kwakhona, abantu abanohlobo lwegazi olune-AB banokufumana iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi olune-ABO/Rh. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abane-AB babizwa ngokuba "ngabamkeli be-universal" (kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi). Kuba abanazo ii-antibodies ezichasene ne-A, B, okanye ii-antigens ze-Rh egazini labo. Nangona kunjalo, banokunikela ngegazi kuphela kubantu abane-AB positive.

Udidi lwegazi lufunyanwa njani? Ngaba yinto esiyizuz’ ilifa kubazali bethu?

Ewe, kunjalo. Uhlobo lwegazi lethu lumiselwa ziijini esizifumana kumama notata. Njengombala weenwele zethu, umbala wamehlo, kunye nobude. Le yingxaki yemfuza eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngokulula, uhlobo lwegazi lakho lumiselwa kukudibana kwejini enye evela kumama wakho kunye nejini enye evela kutata wakho. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba bobabini abazali banohlobo lwegazi O, ngokuqinisekileyo nomntwana uya kuba nohlobo lwegazi O.
• Kodwa enyeKwiintlobo zegazi , kunokwahluka kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka ukuba umntwana abe nohlobo lwegazi olwahlukileyo kolo lukamama nolukatata (umzekelo, ukuba umama ungu-A kwaye utata ungu-B, umntwana unokuba ngu-A, B, AB, okanye u-O). Kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezidityaniswe ngayo iijini.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngamanye amaxesha kunokubakho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zegazi naphakathi kwamalungu osapho.

Ndingayazi njani kakuhle ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lam?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwazi kakuhle ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi . Oku kubizwa ngokuba luvavanyo "lokuQokelelwa kweGazi kunye noHlobo lweRh".

• Ungabuza ngale nto xa usiya kugqirha.
• Kungenjalo, ukuba ukhe waya kunikela ngegazi, ngokuqinisekileyo baya kujonga uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Ukunikela ngegazi akusiyo nje into elungileyo, kodwa kukwalithuba lokufumanisa uhlobo lwegazi lakho simahla.
• Kwezinye izibhedlele, uhlobo lwegazi lujongwa ngaphambi kotyando , umzekelo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho kwaye uligcine libhaliwe ndaweni ithile. Abanye abantu baligcina kwikhadi labo lesazisi okanye kwikhadi elincinci ebhegini yabo. Oku kunokuba luncedo kakhulu xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo. Nokuba awukwazi ukuthetha, olu lwazi luya kunceda oogqirha.

Masiyidibanise le ncoko size siyikhumbule? (Umyalezo oya ekhaya)

Kulungile, makhe sijonge ezona zinto zibalulekileyo sithethe ngazo namhlanje. Ezi zinokuba luncedo ebomini bakho ngenye imini.

• Sonke sinohlobo lwegazi. Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili: u-A, u-B, u-AB, kunye no-O.
• Ukongeza koku, kukwakho ne-Rh positive (+) okanye i-Rh negative (-) . Ezi zimbini xa zidibene zakha uhlobo olupheleleyo lwegazi (umz. A+, O-).
• Uhlobo lwegazi lumiselwa zii-antigens ezikumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
• Ukwazi uhlobo lwakho lwegazi kubaluleke kakhulu xa unikela ngegazi, ufumana igazi ( utofelo-gazi ), usenza utyando, kwaye ngexesha lokukhulelwa . Ukunikela ngohlobo lwegazi olungalunganga kuyingozi.
• Uhlobo lwegazi olune-O olungalunganga lunokunikezelwa kuye nabani na ukuze kufumaneke iiseli ezibomvu zegazi xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo ( umnikeli wegazi jikelele).
• Abantu abanohlobo lwegazi olune-AB banokufumana iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo ( ummkeli oqhelekileyo).
• Yenza uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze ufumane uhlobo lwegazi lakho. Libhale phantsi uze uligcine kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba ezi nyaniso malunga nohlobo lwakho lwegazi ziyanceda. Olu asilocebiso lwezonyango, kodwa lulwazi oluqhelekileyo. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi malunga nohlobo lwakho lwegazi, ngokuqinisekileyo licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha. Iintlobo zegazi, Amaqela egazi, i-ABO, i-Rh factor, umnikelo wegazi, utofelo-gazi