Khawuthelekelele, phakathi kwentlango engenanto, bekukho ibhokisi encinci eyayinokwenza amanzi okusela acocekileyo ngomoya. Ivakala ngathi ngumboniso wefilimu yesayensi, akunjalo? Kodwa ngoku yinyani. Namhlanje sithetha ngezinye zezona teknoloji zintsha zimangalisayo ezinokusombulula ingxaki enkulu yamanzi ehlabathini.
Ngokutsho kweZizwe eziManyeneyo, abantu abangaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezimbini emhlabeni abanalo ukufikelela kumanzi okusela akhuselekileyo . Ezinye iindawo zinqongophele ngokwemvelo ngamanzi. Kwaye imbalela ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu iye yayenza mandundu le ngxaki. Kwabanye abantu, amanzi abanawo angcolile, azele ziintsholongwane kunye neekhemikhali ezinobungozi . Kwabanye, zombini. Ngoko ke izazinzulu zifumana iindlela ezintsha nezimangalisayo zokusombulula le ngxaki.
I-Desert Harvester: Ibhokisi eyenza amanzi ngomoya entlango
Umoya esiwuphefumlayo uqulathe umphunga wamanzi omninzi, esingenakuwubona. Lo ngomnye wemithombo emikhulu yamanzi eMhlabeni.
Ngokutsho kuka-Omar M. Yaghi, uprofesa kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, sisebenzisa umphunga omncinci wamanzi emoyeni, ngaphantsi kwe-.001%, singanika iilitha ezingama-50 zamanzi ngosuku kumntu wonke osemhlabeni.
UNjingalwazi uYagi kunye neqela lakhe bafumene indlela entsha yokusebenzisa olu butyebi bamanzi bukhulu, obungabonakaliyo. Badibanise iimolekyuli ezikhethekileyo ukwenza isakhiwo esifana ne-scaffold. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) . Ezi zizinto ezimangalisayo. Iqhekeza le-MOF, elincinci njengethambo, linendawo engaphezulu enkulu njengeenkundla ezimbini zebhola ekhatywayo ukuba uyalisasaza.
Badale ibhokisi yePlexiglas ezele yile MOF. Le bhokisi iyatshisa xa ibekwe elangeni. I MOF engaphakathi kwebhokisi emva koko ifunxa nomphunga omncinci emoyeni wentlango eyomileyo kakhulu. Emva koko, loo mphunga wamanzi ufunxwayo uguquka ube lulwelo kwaye uqokelelwe njengamanzi acocekileyo, aselwayo. Njengoko uNjingalwazi uYagi esitsho, “Akukho nye into ehlabathini enokufunxa amanzi emoyeni kumswakama ophantsi kangaka ize iwakhuphe kwakhona, ngaphandle kwale MOF.”
Ibhokisi esebenza ngelanga eyenziwe ngeegram ezingama-200 kuphela zale MOF inokuqokelela ngaphezulu kwegaloni (phantse iilitha ezi-4.5) zamanzi ngosuku. Imodeli esebenza ngombane ingakwenza oku rhoqo imini yonke.
'Isixhobo sokubona ubuthi be-Bio-Brain' esibona ubuthi emanzini
Akwanelanga ukuba amanzi acoceke, kufuneka akhuseleke. Amanzi anokuba neetyhefu eziyingozi esingenakuzibona okanye sizingcamle. Umzekelo, i-arsenic , i-lead, kunye neebhaktheriya eziyingozi. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseNorthwestern bazama ukufumana indlela elula yokuzibona ezi zinto.
Bacele uncedo lweentsholongwane ukuze benze oku. Ezi ntsholongwane zinamandla amangalisayo okuzibona nokuzikhusela kwizinto ezinobungozi emanzini. Kungathi zinobuchopho obukhethekileyo be-'genetic molecular' ngenxa yaloo njongo.
Isebenza kanjani lento?
Ngamafutshane, ezi microorganisms zineproteni ebizwa ngokuba zii-biosensors emizimbeni yazo. Xa kukho into enobuthi emanzini, umzekelo, i-lead, le biosensor iyahamba ize inamathele kwezo molekyuli ze-lead. Emva koko i-gene ethile emzimbeni we-microorganism iyasebenza, kwaye loo lead iyakhutshwa emzimbeni.
Oko abaphandi bakwenzileyo kukuthatha ezi biosensors baze batshintshe kancinci ulwakhiwo lwe-DNA yazo. Ngokuyitshintsha, bavula i-gene eza kukhupha ukukhanya (ukukhanya) endaweni ye-gene eza kukhupha ityhefu xa ichaphazeleka yityhefu efana nelothe.
Ngoko ke okwenzekayo ngoku kukuba, xa ufaka ezi proteins ziguqulwe yi-DNA kwisampulu yamanzi, ukuba kukho ityhefu kuloo manzi, iqala ukukhazimla. Okukhona ityhefu emanzini isanda, kokukhona ikhazimla ngakumbi. Kufana nomlingo!
Isishwankathelo setekhnoloji yanamhlanje
Ezinye zezi teknoloji zanamhlanje ezivele njengezisombululo kwingxaki yamanzi ehlabathini zishwankathelwe kwitheyibhile engasezantsi.
| Ubuchwepheshe | Ingaba isebenza kanjani | Inzuzo ephambili |
|---|---|---|
| Umvuni Wentlango | Ukusebenzisa ii-metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) ukufunxa umphunga wamanzi nokuba uvela emoyeni owomileyo kakhulu kwaye kuvelise amanzi acocekileyo. | Amanzi anokuveliswa naphi na, ngaphandle kombane okanye iziseko zophuhliso ezinkulu. |
| Isichongi seToxin yeBio-Brain | Ii-biosensors zee-microorganisms eziguqulwe ngokwezakhi zofuzo ziyakhazimla xa kukho iityhefu emanzini. | Ukukwazi ukuvavanya ukhuseleko lwamanzi ngokukhawuleza nangokulula. |
| Isixhobo sokukhupha i-Chlorine esingangeni zimpazamo | Ngaphandle kombane, ngokuzenzekelayo kuxuba isixa esichanekileyo se-chlorine emanzini kusetyenziswa isiphumo seVenturi. | Nciphisa iimpazamo zabantu kwaye ubulale iintsholongwane emanzini rhoqo. |
| Unyango lwamanzi othusayo | Ukususa iintsimbi ezinzima ezifana nelothe emanzini nge-shock electrodialysis. | Ziimetali ezinzima eziyingozi kuphela ezinokususwa ngaphandle kokususa iiminerali ezibalulekileyo emanzini. |
Ezinye izisombululo ezimangalisayo
Umatshini we-chlorine ongashiyi ndawo yempazamo
I-chlorine sisibulali-ntsholongwane esinamandla esibulala iintsholongwane emanzini. Kodwa kunokuba nzima ukuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo. Xa wongeza iipilisi ze-chlorine, ngamanye amaxesha ungagqibela une-chlorine eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu. Njengesisombululo, abaphandi kwi-Tufts Institute of the Environment benze isixhobo esilula esisebenza ngaphandle kombane .
Iqulathe amacandelo amabini. Ibhokisi encinci enamathele esiphelweni sombhobho wamanzi, kunye netanki egcwele i-chlorine engamanzi. Xa amanzi ehamba ngokukhawuleza ngombhobho, umahluko woxinzelelo uyadalwa ngaphakathi kwale bhokisi incinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiVenturi effect . Ngenxa yomahluko woxinzelelo, isixa esifanelekileyo se-chlorine sitsalwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwitanki ye-chlorine size sixutywe namanzi. Ngale ndlela, amanzi ahlala ecocekile, ngaphandle kwempazamo yomntu.
Indlela yokususa ilothe ngamanzi 'athusayo'
Ngenxa yengxaki enkulu yezempilo ebangelwe yilothe ekunikezelweni kwamanzi kwisixeko saseMelika iFlint, iqela lezazinzulu kwiMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) liphuhlise indlela entsha yokususa iintsimbi ezinzima emanzini.
Basebenzise indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi -'shock electrodialysis' . Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umbane ukwahlula ukungcola emanzini. I-lead yinto enzima kakhulu ukuyisusa emanzini kuba inokunamathela eludongeni lwezixhobo ngezinye iindlela. Kodwa le ndlela inokususa i-95% ye-lead ngaphandle kokususa iiminerali ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-sodium emanzini. Oku kucoca amanzi kwaye kushiye iiminerali ezifunekayo emzimbeni.
Zonke ezi teknoloji zibonisa amandla esayensi kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ekusombululeni enye yezona ngxaki zinkulu ezijongene noluntu, ingxaki yamanzi. Ezi ziya kunceda kakhulu ekusindiseni abantu kwizifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi angcolileyo nasekudaleni ikamva eliphilileyo. Ke ngoko, ngumsebenzi wethu ukuqonda ukuba amanzi axabiseke kangakanani size siwasebenzise kancinci.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Inxalenye enkulu yabemi behlabathi ijongene nobunzima obukhulu ngaphandle kokufikelela kumanzi okusela acocekileyo. Le yingxaki enkulu yezempilo kwihlabathi liphela.
- Izazinzulu ngoku zifumene ubuchwepheshe obutsha obumangalisayo, obufana nokuvelisa amanzi emoyeni, ukubona ngokulula iityhefu emanzini, kunye nokucoca amanzi ngaphandle kombane.
- Imizekelo yoku ibandakanya ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), ii-biosensors, kunye ne-shock electrodialysis.
- Ezi zinto zintsha zinika ithemba elikhulu lokukhusela impilo yabantu kwihlabathi liphela nokuthintela izifo ezisasazeka ngamanzi angcolileyo.
- Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ngenxa yokusela amanzi angcolileyo, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike icebiso.
Ukucocwa kwamanzi, amanzi acocekileyo, iteknoloji yamanzi, imbalela, ukunqongophala kwamanzi, izinto ezifunyenweyo zesayensi, i-MOF
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