Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi ' Stem Cells ' ndaweni ithile. Mhlawumbi kwimovie, kwiphephandaba, okanye kwi-intanethi. Abanye bathi oku kunokunyanga nasiphi na isifo. Abanye bathi kuyoyikisa kancinci. Ngoko ke ziintoni kanye kanye ezi stem cells? Ngaba le yinto eza kutshintsha ikamva lezonyango? Masithethe ngayo ngqo, ngokulula, namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi stem cells?
Cinga ngebhola yodongwe. Singenza nantoni na ngaloo bhola yodongwe, njengonodoli, imbiza, isilwanyana. Yiyo loo nto zinjalo iiseli zesiqu. Ezi 'ziiseli eziphambili' okanye 'iiseli eziphambili' emzimbeni wethu. Ezi seli zinamandla amabini amangalisayo.
1. Ukudala ii-stem cells ezingaphezulu (Ukuzihlaziya): I-stem cell enye inokwahlulahlula kwaye idale ii-stem cells ezininzi zohlobo olufanayo.
2. Ukwahluka: Le yeyona nto imangalisayo. Ezi seli ze-stem zinokuguquka zibe loluphi na uhlobo lweeseli ezikhethekileyo umzimba wethu ozifunayo. Umzekelo, zinokuba ziiseli zegazi , iiseli zobuchopho ( ii-neurons ), iiseli zemisipha yentliziyo, iiseli zolusu , iiseli zamathambo , njl.njl.
Akukho nanye iseli emzimbeni wethu enalo eli khono. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha noososayensi benomdla kangaka kwezi seli ze-stem.
Kutheni ii-stem cells zibaluleke kangaka?
Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba amandla ezi seli anokwenza umahluko omkhulu kunyango lwexesha elizayo. Zibalulekile ngezizathu ezintathu eziphambili.
| Ukubaluleka | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Unyango olusekelwe kwiiseli | Khawucinge nje ukuba inxalenye yentliziyo yomntu inesifo. Bekuya kuba mnandi kangakanani ukuba besingasebenzisa ii-stem cells ukwenza iiseli ezintsha zemisipha yentliziyo size sizifake kwindawo enesifo? Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -regenerative medicine . Kuthetha ukulungisa okanye ukuvuselela izicubu okanye amalungu omzimba awonakeleyo. |
| Ukuqonda indlela izifo ezenzeka ngayo | Ngokujonga indlela i-stem cell ekhula ngayo ibe yiseli yomhlaza okanye enye iseli enesifo kwilebhu, sinokufumana ukuqonda okunzulu kwendlela ezi zifo ezivela ngayo ngokwenene. Olu lwazi luya kunceda kakhulu ekufumaneni unyango olutsha. |
| Ukuvavanya amayeza amatsha | Ngaphambi kokuba amayeza amatsha anikwe abantu, kufuneka avavanywe ukuze kubonwe ukuba akhuselekile kwaye ayasebenza na. Ii-stem cells zingasetyenziselwa ukukhulisa iiseli ezinxulumene nesifo (umz., iiseli zesibindi) kwilebhu, kwaye amayeza amatsha angavavanywa kwezo seli. Oku kunokubonelela ngokuqonda okungcono ngaphambi kokuvavanya abantu. |
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli ze-stem?
Sithetha kakhulu ngeentlobo ezimbini zeeseli eziqalayo.
1. Iiseli zeSiseko se-Embryonic
Ezi ziiseli 'ezibalaseleyo' ezinokwenza yonke into. Njengoko igama lisitsho, zifunyanwa kwiimbumba. Ngokukodwa, zifunyanwa kuphando kwiimbumba ezingasetyenziswa emva kokuchumisa kwi-vitro ( IVF ) kwaye emva koko zisetyenziswa (ngemvume epheleleyo yabazali).
Elinye igama lala maseli yi-"pluripotent" cells. Oku kuthetha ukuba anokuba yiyo nayiphi na uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni. Ngenxa yale khono ingenamda, anamandla amakhulu okulungisa izicubu ezonakeleyo zizifo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba zifunyanwa kwi-embryos, kukho iingxoxo ezithile zokuziphatha emhlabeni malunga noku.
2. Iiseli zeStem zabantu abadala
Nangona igama elithi "omdala," ezi seli zikhona emizimbeni yazo zonke iintsana, abantwana, kunye nabantu abadala. Kodwa azinamandla njengeeseli ze-embryonic stem. Zihlala zifumaneka ngobuninzi obuncinci kwizicubu ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nomongo wethambo, ulusu, ingqondo, nesibindi.
Iiseli ze-stem zabantu abadala zihlala zenza iiseli ezithile kwizicubu ezikuzo. Umzekelo, iseli ye-stem eluswini inokwenza iiseli zesikhumba ezintsha, kodwa kungekhona iiseli zentliziyo.
Inkqubela yamva nje kwisayensi: iiseli ze-iPS
Izazinzulu ngoku zifumene into emangalisayo. Zingathatha iseli eqhelekileyo, ekhula njengesikhumba sethu kwaye 'ziyihlele kwakhona' kwilebhu ukuze ziziphathe njengeseli ye-embryonic stem. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-incuted pluripotent stem cells (ii-iPS cells) . Oku kuvule ithuba elihle lokwenza uphando ngaphandle kweengxaki zokuziphatha ezinxulumene nee-embryo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswayo ngoku ngee-stem cells?
Oku koko abantu abaninzi bafuna ukukwazi. Apha kufuneka siqonde umahluko phakathi konyango olusetyenziswa ngempumelelo ngoku kunye nonyango olulindelekileyo kwixesha elizayo .
Unyango oluvunyiweyo nolusetyenziswayo ngoku
Olona nyango luxhaphakileyo noluphumeleleyo lwe-stem cell kwihlabathi namhlanje kukufakelwa i-stem cell eyenza igazi. Usenokuba ukhe weva oku 'njengokufakelwa kwe-bone marrow'.
Olu nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Kwimihlaza yegazi (umz. iLeukemia, iLymphoma)
- Kwizifo ezithile zegazi (umz. `I-Sickle cell anemia`)
- Ukwakha kwakhona umongo wethambo otshabalaliswe yi-chemotherapy yomhlaza
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ii-stem cells zifunyanwa kumongo wethambo womntu onikelayo osempilweni, okanye kwigazi le-umbilical cord xa umntwana ezalwa.
Amathuba exesha elizayo kunye nenkqubela phambili yophando
Izazinzulu zinethemba lokuba unyango lwee-stem cell luya kusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwizifo ezininzi kwixesha elizayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ezi zisesekwinqanaba lophando .
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer
- Isifo seswekile
- Isifo sentliziyo
- Ukulimala komqolo
- Isifo samathambo
Kubalulekile: Ukuba umbutho uthi "uqinisekisa unyango lwe-stem cell" kwezi zifo, cinga kabini. Ezi azikavunywa njengonyango oluqhelekileyo. Xoxa nantoni na nogqirha wakho.
Ingaba ezi ndlela zonyango zikhuselekile? Ngaba kukho iingozi?
Njengayo nayiphi na iteknoloji entsha yezonyango, unyango lweeseli ze-stem luneengozi kunye nemingeni yalo. Izazinzulu ziyazazi ezi zinto kwaye zisebenza ukufumana izisombululo kuzo.
- Umngcipheko womhlaza:Ngenxa yokuba ii-stem cells ziyakwazi ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza, ngamanye amaxesha zinokwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye zenze amathumba.
- Ukonakala kwemfuza: Kukho ithuba lokuba iiseli ezikhuliswe kwilebhu zinokonakala kwemfuza.
- Ukungafunwa kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela: Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela inokuhlasela iiseli esizinikwe ngaphandle komzimba, iziphathe 'njengeentshaba zasemzini'.
- Iingozi zendlela yonyango: Iingozi ezinxulumene neenkqubo zotyando zokufumana okanye zokufaka iiseli (umz., ukujova ebuchotsheni, entliziyweni).
Uphando luyaqhubeka ukunciphisa le mingcipheko. Ke ngoko, ukufumana unyango olunjalo kwimithombo engavunywanga nengasemgangathweni kunokuba yingozi kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-stem luhlobo olukhethekileyo 'lweseli eyintloko' olunokuba yiyo nayiphi na iseli emzimbeni. Zinamandla amakhulu kwezonyango.
- Okwangoku, unyango lwee-stem cell lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye lusetyenziswa kakhulu kuphela kumhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia kunye nezifo ezithile zegazi.
- Unyango lwezifo ezifana nesifo seswekile, isifo sikaParkinson, kunye nesifo sentliziyo lusesekwinqanaba lophando kwaye alukavunywa ukuba lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi.
- Ngaphambi kokuba ukholelwe nantoni na oyibonayo kwi-intanethi okanye kwenye indawo malunga nonyango lweeseli ze-stem, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yezonyango efanelekileyo ngayo.
- Lumka kakhulu "kwiikliniki ze-stem cell" ezingavunywanga nezikumgangatho ophantsi. Musa ukubeka impilo yakho emngciphekweni.
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