Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe wadibana negama elithi ' Stem Cells ' kwiimuvi, kumanqaku eendaba, okanye kwi-intanethi. Abanye bathi banokunyanga nasiphi na isifo, ngelixa abanye besithi banokuba yingozi. Ngoko ke, ziyintoni kanye kanye ii-stem cells? Ngaba ziyayitshintsha ngokwenene ikamva lezonyango? Masiyichaze ngokulula.
Ngamazwi alula, Zithini iiStem Cells?
Cinga ngengqokelela yodongwe. Ungalubumba lube yidoli, imbiza, okanye umfanekiso oqingqiweyo. Iiseli zesiqu zisebenza ngendlela efanayo; ziziiseli 'ezisisiseko' okanye 'eziyintloko' zomzimba. Ezi seli zinamandla amabini amangalisayo:
1. Ukuzihlaziya: Iseli esisiseko inokwahlukana ize idale ezinye eziluhlobo lwayo.
2. Ukwahluka: Olu lolona phawu lwabo lumangalisayo. Iiseli ze-stem zinokuguquka zibe ziiseli ezikhethekileyo ezifunekayo emzimbeni. Umzekelo, zinokuba ziiseli zegazi , iiseli zobuchopho ( ii-neurons ), iiseli zemisipha yentliziyo, iiseli zolusu , okanye iiseli zamathambo .
Akukho nanye iseli emzimbeni wakho enokuguquguquka oku, yiyo loo nto oogqirha noososayensi bevuya kangaka ngamandla abo.
Kutheni iiStem Cells zibaluleke kangaka?
Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ii-stem cells zibalulekile kwinguqu kwezempilo kwixesha elizayo. Zibalulekile ngezizathu ezintathu eziphambili:
| Ukubaluleka | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Unyango olusekelwe kwiiseli | Khawucinge ngomntu onentliziyo eyonakeleyo. Ukuba singasebenzisa ii-stem cells ukukhulisa iiseli zemisipha yentliziyo eziphilileyo size sizifake kwindawo eyonakeleyo, oko bekuya kuba yinguqu. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yiRegenerative Medicine —isayensi yokulungisa okanye ukutshintsha izicubu kunye namalungu omzimba awonakeleyo. |
| Ukuqonda Ukuqhubela phambili Kwesifo | Ngokujonga indlela i-stem cell eguquka ngayo ibe yiseli yomhlaza okanye iseli enesifo kwilebhu, abaphandi banokuqonda ngcono indlela izifo eziqala kwaye ziphuhla ngayo. Olu lwazi lubalulekile ekufumaneni unyango olutsha. |
| Ukuvavanya Amayeza Amatsha | Ngaphambi kokuvavanya amayeza amatsha ebantwini, kufuneka siqinisekise ukuba akhuselekile kwaye ayasebenza. Izazinzulu zinokwenza iiseli ezithile zesifo (umz., iiseli zesibindi) kwilebhu zisebenzisa iiseli ezisisiseko ukuvavanya indlela amayeza asabela ngayo, zibonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo ngaphambi kovavanyo lweklinikhi. |
Ziziphi Iintlobo Eziphambili ZeeStem Cells?
Ngokubanzi, sihlulahlula ii-stem cells zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:
1. Iiseli zeSiseko se-Embryonic
Ezi ziiseli 'ezibalaseleyo' ezinamandla amakhulu. Njengoko igama lisitsho, zivela kwiimbumba, ngakumbi ezo ziseleyo kunyango lokuzala (ezifanaIVF ) kwaye isetyenziselwe uphando ngemvume epheleleyo yabazali.
Ezi zaziwa ngokuba ziiseli ze-'pluripotent', oko kuthetha ukuba zinokuguquka zibe phantse naluphi na uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, zithembisa kakhulu ukulungiswa kwezicubu, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwazo kusengumxholo wengxoxo yokuziphatha kwihlabathi liphela.
2. Iiseli zeStem zabantu abadala
Nangona libizwa njalo igama, ezi seli zifumaneka kuwo wonke umntu—iintsana, abantwana, kunye nabantu abadala. Azinamandla kangako kuneeseli ezisandul’ ukuzalwa kwaye zihlala zifumaneka ngamanani amancinci kwizicubu ezifana nomongo wethambo, ulusu, ingqondo, nesibindi.
Iiseli ze-stem zabantu abadala zihlala zikhawulelwe ekuveliseni iiseli ezithile kwizicubu apho zihlala khona. Umzekelo, iiseli ze-stem zesikhumba zihlala zivelisa iiseli zesikhumba ezintsha, hayi iiseli zentliziyo.
Inkqubela phambili kwezeSayensi: Iiseli ze-iPS
Izazinzulu zifumene indlela yokuthatha iseli eqhelekileyo yabantu abadala, njengeseli yolusu, baze 'bayihlele kwakhona' kwilebhu ukuze baziphathe njengeseli ye-embryonic stem. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (ii-iPS cells) . Olu phuhliso luvule iingcango zophando ezintsha ngelixa ludlula kwiinkxalabo zokuziphatha ezinxulumene neeseli ze-embryonic.
Zithini iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo ngoku?
Kubalulekile ukwahlula phakathi konyango oluqinisekisiweyo kunye nophando oluvavanyiweyo .
Unyango Oluvunyiweyo Nolusetyenzisiweyo Okwangoku
Unyango oluqhelekileyo noluphumelelayo namhlanje lutyando lwe-stem cell olwenza igazi , oludla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-'bone marrow transplant'.
Olu lunyango oluqhelekileyo lwe:
- Umhlaza wegazi (umz., iLeukemia, iLymphoma)
- Ezinye iingxaki zegazi (umz., i-Sickle cell anemia)
- Ukubuyisela umongo wethambo owonakaliswe yi-chemotherapy.
Ezi seli ze-stem zihlala zifunyanwa ngabanikeli abaphilileyo okanye kwigazi le-umbilical cord eliqokelelwe ekuzalweni.
Amathemba exesha elizayo kunye noPhando lovavanyo
Izazinzulu zisebenza ekusebenziseni unyango lwe-stem cell kwezinye iimeko ezininzi. Nceda ukhumbule ukuba ezi zisesekwinqanaba lovavanyo:
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo sika-Alzheimer
- Isifo seswekile
- Isifo sentliziyo
- Ukulimala komqolo
- Isifo samathambo
Kubalulekile: Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ikliniki ethi inika 'amayeza e-stem cell aqinisekisiweyo' kwezi meko, lumka kakhulu. La awakabikho unyango oluqhelekileyo oluvunyiweyo. Soloko uxoxa ngolu hlobo nogqirha wakho oyintloko.
Ngaba Ezi Nyango Zikhuselekile?
Njengayo nayiphi na iteknoloji entsha yezonyango, unyango lweeseli ze-stem lunemingcipheko abaphandi abasebenza ukuyinciphisa:
- Umngcipheko Wokwakheka Kwesihluma: Ngenxa yokuba iiseli zesiqu zahlukana ngokukhawuleza, kukho umngcipheko wokuba zinokukhula ngendlela engalawulekiyo, zenze izihluma.
- Umonakalo Wezakhi Zofuzo: Iiseli ezisetyenziswa kwilebhu zinokutshintsha izakhi zofuzo.
- Ukwaliwa kwamajoni omzimba: Inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokuzikhusela inokubona iiseli ezinikelayo 'njengezihlaseli zangaphandle' ize izihlasele.
- Iingozi Zotyando: Iinkqubo ezifunekayo ukuze kuvunwe okanye kufakwe iiseli (ezifana nokufakwa kwi-injection engqondweni okanye entliziyweni) zineengozi zotyando.
Ukufuna unyango kwiikliniki ze-'stem cell' ezingaqinisekiswanga okanye ezingacwangciswanga ngokusemthethweni kunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Soloko ubeka phambili unyango olukhuselekileyo nolusekelwe kubungqina.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-stem 'ziiseli eziphambili' ezikhethekileyo ezinokuba yiyo nayiphi na uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni kwaye zinamandla amakhulu okuvelisa amayeza.
- Okwangoku, unyango oluphumelelayo lwee-stem cell lusetyenziswa ikakhulu kumhlaza wegazi kunye neengxaki ezithile zegazi.
- Unyango lwesifo seswekile, isifo sikaParkinson, kunye nesifo sentliziyo lusaphandwa kwaye alukavunywa ukuba lusetyenziswe ngokubanzi.
- Ngaphambi kokuba ukholelwe ulwazi olufumana kwi-intanethi malunga nonyango lwee-stem cell, nceda uqinisekise ngalo nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yezonyango efanelekileyo.
- Lumka 'ngeekliniki ze-stem cell' ezingaqinisekiswanga ezithembisa iziphumo ezimangalisayo. Musa ukubeka impilo yakho emngciphekweni.
iiseli zesiqu, uphando lweeseli zesiqu, unyango lweeseli zesiqu, amayeza okuvuselela, uphando lwezonyango, ukufakelwa komongo wethambo
