Konke ofuna ukukwazi malunga neBone Marrow Biopsy!

Xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba kufuneka wenze i-bone marrow biopsy, usenokuba novalo kwaye unomdla, akunjalo? Usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi efana nale, "Yintoni? Kutheni isenziwa? Ngaba iza kuba buhlungu?" Ungakhathazeki, kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni iBone Marrow Biopsy?

Ngamafutshane, i-bone marrow biopsy luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olwenziwayo ukufumanisa izifo ezinxulumene negazi lakho kunye nomongo wethambo. Ubusazi na ukuba umongo wethambo yindawo ephambili emzimbeni wethu apho igazi lenziwa khona? Kufana nomzi-mveliso. Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho ususa isampuli encinci, okanye inxalenye, yalo mongo wethambo ngaphakathi kwelinye lamathambo akho amakhulu. Emva koko, ugqirha oyingcali obizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist ujonga le sampuli phantsi kwe-microscope aze ajonge iimpawu zaso nasiphi na isifo. Le biopsy yomongo wethambo ibalulekile ekuchongeni ngokuchanekileyo izifo ezininzi, ngakumbi izifo ezinxulumene negazi kunye nezinye iintlobo zomhlaza.

Ngoko ke, yintoni le thambo?

Khawuthelekelele, ngaphakathi kwamathambo amakhulu emzimbeni wethu, kukho indawo engenanto, njengangaphakathi kwetyhubhu. Ngaphakathi kweso sithuba singenanto kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Bone Marrow". Iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini: inxalenye yezicubu ezithambileyo, ezithambileyo, kunye nenxalenye engamanzi. Le nxalenye yezicubu kwi-bone marrow yiyo eyenza izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu:

• Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi : Ezi ziiseli ezithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu yonke. Xa siphefumla, ioksijini engena emiphungeni isasazwa kuyo yonke iseli emzimbeni ngala maseli abomvu egazi.
• Iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi : Njengemikhosi yokuzikhusela yomzimba wethu, ezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi zisikhusela kwiintsholongwane kunye nosulelo.
• Iiplatelets: Uyazi ukuba uyeka njani ukopha xa wenzakele? Ezi platelets ziyanceda kuloo nto. Xa umthambo wegazi waphukile, ziyahlangana ukuze zenze ihlwili kwaye ziyeke ukopha .

Inxalenye engamanzi yomongo wethambo ineeseli ze-stem , oko kukuthi, iiseli ezingakavuthwa kodwa ezinokuba ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Kwakhona, iivithamini ezifunekayo ekuphuhlisweni kwezi seli ziveliswa kule nxalenye engamanzi. Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba i-bone marrow biopsy ihlola le nxalenye yezicubu. Nangona kunjalo, kukho olunye uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow aspiration , oluhlola loo nxalenye engamanzi. Uninzi lwexesha, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza le aspiration ngexesha elinye ne-biopsy.

Kunini apho ugqirha acebisa khona ukuba kwenziwe i-bone marrow biopsy?

Uvavanyo lwe-bone marrow biopsy lunokunika oogqirha ulwazi oluninzi oluxabisekileyo. Balusebenzisa olo lwazi uku:

• Ukuvavanya okanye ukufumanisa imeko yempilo: Umzekelo, ukuba ubona utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwinani leeseli zegazi kwisampulu yegazi (nokuba liphantsi kakhulu okanye liphezulu kakhulu), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni izinto ezininzi, kuquka izifo ezinxulumene negazi, umhlaza, imikhuhlane engachazwanga, kunye nosulelo.
• Ukuba unomhlaza, misela inqanaba lawo: Inqanaba lomhlaza kukuba usasazeke kangakanani kwaye unzima kangakanani. I-bone marrow biopsy inokubonisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwi-bone marrow okanye ukuba ithumba elinomhlaza kwi-bone marrow liyakhula.
• Jonga inkqubela yonyango: Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha benza olu vavanyo ukuze babone ukuba unyango lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani na. Umzekelo, umntu ofumana unyango lomhlaza unokwenza olu vavanyo rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba umongo wakhe wethambo uvelisa iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo emva konyango.

Enye into kukuba le biopsy ikwasetyenziselwa ukubona ukuba umntu onikelayo ufanelekile na kumntu oza kufakelwa umongo wethambo (i-allogeneic stem cell transplant ). Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu onamanqanaba aphantsi eeseli zegazi eziphilileyo kufuneka afakelwe iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo ezivela komnye umntu. Ukuze oko kwenzeke, iiseli zomnikeli kunye nomntu ofumanayo kufuneka zilingane.

Ziziphi izifo ezinokufunyanwa nge-bone marrow biopsy?

Olu vavanyo lwe-biopsy ludla ngokwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe iimeko ezibangela iiseli zegazi ezininzi kakhulu okanye ezimbalwa kakhulu. Lukwasetyenziswa ekuchongeni umhlaza ochaphazela igazi lakho okanye umongo wethambo. Nazi ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangela oku:

• I-anemia: Ukunqongophala kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo zokuthwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke. Sikwabiza ngokuba yi-" anemia ."
• I-Aplastic anemia: Imeko apho umongo wethambo ungakwazi ukuvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.
• I-Leukopenia kunye ne-leukocytosis: Inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi eliphantsi kakhulu (i-leukopenia) okanye eliphezulu kakhulu (i-leukocytosis).
• I-Thrombocytopenia kunye ne-thrombocytosis: Inani leeplatelet eziphantsi kakhulu (i-thrombocytopenia) okanye eziphezulu kakhulu (i-thrombocytosis).
• I-Polycythemia vera: Lo ngumhlaza wegazi ongaqhelekanga apho umongo wethambo uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezininzi kakhulu.
• I-Leukemia: Umhlaza weeseli zegazi. Unokubangela ukuba iiseli zegazi ezingaqhelekanga, ingakumbi iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe, zivele.
• I-Lymphoma:Umhlaza okhula kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki kwinani leeseli ezimhlophe nezibomvu zegazi.
• I-multiple myeloma: Lo ngumhlaza wegazi ongaqhelekanga. Uchaphazela iiseli zeplasma, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi.
• Umhlaza wesibini: Umhlaza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni (umz., ibele, imiphunga) uze usasazeke uye kwenye indawo, njengomongo wethambo.
• I-Myelofibrosis: Kule meko, umongo wethambo uthatyathelwa indawo yizicubu zesilonda esine-fibrous.
• Isifo seMyelodysplastic: Esi sisifo somongo wethambo apho iiseli ze-stem zingavuthwa kakuhle.

Ukongeza, le biopsy inokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ze-chromosome kunye nokungabikho kweevithamini ezithile. Ezi ngxaki zinokubangela ukuba umongo wethambo uvelise iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ezimile ngendlela engaqhelekanga okanye ezinkulu.

Ngubani owenza le biopsy?

Olu vavanyo lwe-bone marrow biopsy ludla ngokwenziwa ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezinxulumene negazi (i-hematologist) okanye ugqirha ogxile kumhlaza (i-oncologist) .

Ulungiselela njani oku? Yintoni ekufuneka uyenze?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela uvavanyo aze akunike imiyalelo yendlela yokulungiselela. Umzekelo, ukuba unikwe isithomalalisi sokukunceda ulale ngomhla wovavanyo, ungacelwa ukuba uzile ukutya ngobusuku bangaphambi kovavanyo. Ukuba kunjalo, kuya kufuneka ulungiselele umntu ukuba akuqhubele ekhaya. Ugqirha wakho kuya kufuneka azi imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango kunye nayo nayiphi na imithi oyithathayo ngoku. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba ubaxelela malunga noku:

• Ingaba unemeko ethintela igazi lakho ukuba lingajiyi lula (njenge-hemophilia)?
• Ngaba uthatha amayeza athile (ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi okanye amayeza okunciphisa igazi)?
• Ngaba uthatha naziphi na iivithamini okanye izongezo?
• Ngaba unayo nayiphi na i-allergies kwimithi ethile?

Kwakhona, ukuba ukhulelwe, kufuneka wazise ugqirha. Ngokubaxelela konke oku kwangaphambili, iqela lezonyango linokukunceda wenze olu vavanyo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokukhululekileyo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela xa une-biopsy?

I-bone marrow biopsy ingenziwa eofisini kagqirha okanye esibhedlele. Lonke olu vavanyo luthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30.Uza kube uvukile ngexesha lovavanyo, kodwa uza kunikwa i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze uzive ukhululekile. Ngaphambi kovavanyo, uza kunikwa isambatho sesibhedlele. Unganikwa neyeza lokuthomalalisa ukuze uphumle. Amanyathelo adla ngokuhamba ngolu hlobo: 1. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho kwenziwa khona i-biopsy, uza kujikeleziswa ecaleni okanye esiswini sakho. Uninzi lwee-biopsy ze-bone marrow zenziwa ngasemva kwethambo lakho lesinqe (i-posterior iliac crest) . 2. Emva koko, ugqirha wakho uza kucoca ulusu olukuloo ndawo nge-antiseptic aze afake amayeza abangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukuziva eluswini de lufikelele ethanjeni. 3. Baza kwenza i-incision encinci baze bafake inaliti ekhethekileyo ye-biopsy ethanjeni lakho. 4. Besebenzisa isirinji encinci enamathele kwinaliti, kususwa ulwelo oluncinci kwi-bone marrow yakho ( i-bone marrow aspiration esithethe ngayo ngaphambili). 5. Emva koko, kufakwa inaliti engenanto, efana netyhubhu kwaye kususwe iqhekeza elincinci le-spongy tissue kwi-bone marrow. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-core biopsy . Oku kungenxa yokuba "i-core" ye-tissue esijikelezayo iyasuswa kwinaliti. 6. Inaliti equlethe isampuli iyasuswa, uxinzelelo lufakwa eluswini ukunqanda ukopha, kwaye kufakwa ibhandishi phezu kwenxeba. Emva koko ugqirha uthumela isampuli kwilebhu. Apho, ivavanywa iimpawu zesifo.

Ngaba oku kuyabuhlungu?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Ukuba ndithetha inyani, unokuba buhlungu kancinci. Xa usenza i-bone marrow aspiration, apho kuthathwa khona inxalenye engamanzi, ungaziva intlungu ebukhali . Xa usenza i-core biopsy, apho kuthathwa khona inxalenye yezicubu, ungaziva intlungu ebuhlungu okwethutyana . Ngelishwa, ithambo alinakubanjwa. Ngoko ke, ungaziva izinto ezifana nokucinezela, ukutyhala, ukutsala, okungathandekiyo kancinci.

Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ukuba uneengxaki okanye imibuzo malunga nentlungu, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukunika amayeza okukunceda uzive ukhululekile, ukongeza ekuvaleni indawo apho kwenziwa khona i-biopsy.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kwe-biopsy?

Ngokwesiqhelo ungaya ekhaya ngosuku olunye novavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unikwe iyeza lokuthomalalisa, kuya kufuneka umntu oza kukuyisa ekhaya. Wakuba ugodukile, kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo. Banokuthi izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukuba uneentlungu okanye ukungakhululeki, thatha isithomalalisi sentlungu esingagunyaziswanga ngugqirha onokusifumana kwikhemesti ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
• Kuphephe ukuzilolonga okanye ukwenza umsebenzi onzima ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24.
• Gcina indawo yenxeba yomile ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi koku?

Enyanisweni, iingxaki ezivela kwi-bone marrow biopsy azixhaphakanga kakhulu.Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile ukuba kubekho ukopha kakhulu okanye usulelo kwindawo ye-biopsy. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukufaka uxinzelelo kuloo ndawo kuya kuyimisa ukopha. Ukuba kukho usulelo, ugqirha wakho angakunika ikhrimu yokubulala iintsholongwane ukuze uyithambise.

Zithini iziphumo? Zisixelela ntoni?

Isampuli yakho yomongo wethambo ihlolwa phantsi kwe-microscope yingcali ebizwa ngokuba yi-pathologist . Xa ugqirha wakho efumana iziphumo zakhe, uza kuxoxa nawe aze akuxelele into omawuyenze ngokulandelayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zakho, ugqirha wakho unokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, acele ezinye iimvavanyo, okanye acebise unyango, okanye enze utshintsho kunyango lwakho lwangoku. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba iziphumo zakho zithetha ukuthini kuwe. Ngenxa yokuba imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile, ugqirha wakho ngoyena mntu ulungileyo ukwazi ukuba iziphumo zakho zithetha ukuthini.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngokukhawuleza?

Ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu zeengxaki emva kovavanyo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ukuba kukho ukopha okugqithisileyo okanye ulwelo oluphuma kwindawo yovavanyo lwe-biopsy.
• Ukuba kukho ukudumba apho kwenziwe khona i-biopsy.
• Indawo ibomvu (ingakumbi ukuba ubomvu busasazeka).
• Ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane okanye intlungu iba mandundu .

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuba uneempawu zesifo segazi okanye esinye isifo esichaphazela umongo wethambo, kuqhelekile ukuba kwenziwe i-bone marrow biopsy. Ukuba unemibuzo ethile malunga nolu vavanyo okanye ukhathazekile malunga neemvakalelo ngexesha le-biopsy, thetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukunika iintlungu zokukunceda uzive ukhululekile kwaye ukhululekile. Banokukuchazela inyathelo ngalinye lovavanyo. Oku kuya kukunceda uzive unolwazi kwaye uzithembile xa wenza i-biopsy yakho. Ukunyamekela impilo yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, ngoko ungoyiki ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

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