Ngaba wakha waliva igama elithi ' Stem Cells ' ngaphambili? Mhlawumbi wakha waliva kugqirha, kumboniso weTV, okanye kwinqaku lephephandaba. Nangona oku kungabonakala ngathi yingongoma enzima, ezi stem cells zizezinye zezinto ezimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngendlela elula kakhulu, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi stem cells?
Khawuthelekelele uneenxalenye ezininzi zeLego zohlobo olufanayo. Ungasebenzisa ezo nxalenye zeLego ukwakha indlu, imoto, inqanawa, nantoni na oyifunayo. Iiseli ze-stem zinjalo.
Iiseli ze-stem luhlobo lweseli "esisiseko" okanye "eyintloko" emzimbeni wethu enokuba lolunye uhlobo lweseli ekhethekileyo.
Umzekelo, iseli yesiqu ingakhula ibe yiseli yesikhumba, iseli yobuchopho (iseli yemithambo-luvo ), iseli yemisipha yentliziyo, iseli yamathambo , okanye iseli yegazi. Kwakhona, ezi seli zinokwenza iiseli zesiqu ezingaphezulu, oko kukuthi, zinokuzahlulahlula zenze iiseli ezifana nazo ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Olu buchule bumangalisayo yingakho zifumene ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezonyango.
Kutheni ke, ezi stem cells zibaluleke kangaka?
Ezi seli zibaluleke kakhulu kuphando lwezonyango oluzayo ngenxa yamandla azo. Zibalulekile ngezizathu ezintathu eziphambili.
1. Unyango olusekelwe kwiiseli: Khawuthelekelele umntu ehlaselwe yintliziyo kwaye inxalenye yentliziyo yakhe ifile yaza yaba buthathaka. Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kwixesha elizayo, ziya kukwazi ukusebenzisa ii-stem cells ukwenza iiseli zentliziyo ezintsha neziphilileyo kwaye zizifake kwindawo eyonakeleyo ukuze zibuyisele intliziyo . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-regenerative medicine . Le ndlela sele isetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwezinye izifo zegazi kunye nomhlaza .
2. Ukuqonda indlela izifo ezenzeka ngayo:Izazinzulu zinokubukela iseli ye-stem, umzekelo, ikhula ibe yiseli yemithambo-luvo kwilebhu. Oku kubavumela ukuba bafunde ngokuchanekileyo ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo kwizifo ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson okanye isifo sika-Alzheimer . Ukuqonda kakuhle indlela esikhula ngayo isifo kunokunceda ekufumaneni unyango.
3. Ukuvavanya amayeza amatsha: Ngaphambi kokuba amayeza amatsha anikwe abantu aze avavanyelwe, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba akhuselekile kwaye ayasebenza na. Ngoko ke, iiseli ezikhethekileyo ezinxulumene nesifo esichaphazelekayo (umzekelo, iiseli zepancreas zesifo seswekile) zinokwenziwa kwilebhu ukusuka kwiiseli ezisisiseko, kwaye amayeza amatsha angasetyenziswa kwezo seli kwaye iziphumo zawo zingavavanywa.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli ze-stem?
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli ze-stem. Masizijonge ngokwahlukeneyo.
| Uhlobo lweseli | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Iiseli zeSiseko se-Embryonic | Ezi zifunyanwa kwiimbumba ezisandula ukunikezelwa, ezingasetyenziswanga emva kokuchumisa nge-in vitro (IVF). Ezi seli zinamandla amangalisayo okuba naluphi na uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni. Yingakho zikwabizwa ngokuba 'zii-pluripotent' . Zinamandla amakhulu okulungisa izicubu kunye namalungu omzimba awonakaliswe zizifo. |
| Iiseli zeStem zabantu abadala | Nangona zibizwa ngegama lazo, ezi seli zifumaneka emizimbeni yeentsana, yabantwana, kunye neyabantu abadala. Azinazo iindlela ezahlukeneyo njengeeseli ze-embryonic. Umzekelo, iseli ye-stem yabantu abadala eluswini inokwenza iiseli zesikhumba ezingaphezulu kuphela. Kodwa zikwabaluleke kakhulu. Iiseli ze-stem egazini le-umbilical cord nazo zikweli candelo. |
| Iiseli zeStem zePluripotent ezikhuthaziweyo (ii-iPSC) | Olu luphuhliso lwamva nje kwisayensi. Izazinzulu ngoku zinokuthatha iseli eqhelekileyo yabantu abadala, njengeseli yakho yolusu, zize zenze utshintsho oluncinci lwemfuza kwilebhu, ziyibuyisele kwiseli 'enokwenzeka' ye-embryonic stem cell. Olu luphuhliso olukhulu, kuba luphepha imiba yokuziphatha enxulumene nokusebenzisa ii-embryo. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezenziwayo ngoku kusetyenziswa ezi stem cells?
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ii-stem cells zinokunyanga zonke izifo, kodwa inyani yahlukile.
Unyango lwee-stem cell oluvunyiweyo kakhulu noluphumeleleyo ehlabathini kukufakelwa kwe-bone marrow . Oku kubandakanya ukufakelwa kwee-stem cells ezenza igazi. Ezi zinokufunyanwa kwi-bone marrow okanye kwigazi le-umbilical cord.
Olu nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Kwimihlaza yegazi: Umzekelo, kwizifo ezifana ne -leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma .
- Ezinye izifo ezinxulumene negazi: Izifo ezifana ne -sickle cell anemia .
- Ukwakha kwakhona umongo wethambo owonakeleyo ngenxa yonyango lomhlaza: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukubuyisela umongo wethambo owonakeleyo ngenxa yonyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba uninzi lonyango lweeseli ze-stem kwezinye izifo (umz. isifo samathambo, isifo seswekile, isifo sikaParkinson) lusesekwinqanaba lophando . Ke ngoko, ukuba uve ngonyango olunjalo ndaweni ithile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukucinga kabini kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngezi ndlela zonyango?
Ewe, njengazo zonke iindlela zonyango, kukho iingozi ezithile.
- Ukuba ezi seli zikhula ngendlela engalawulekiyo, kukho ithuba lokuba kubekho izimila ezinomhlaza .
- Umonakalo wemfuza unokwenzeka kwiiseli ezikhuliswe kwilebhu.
- Ngamanye amaxesha umzimba unokuzibona ezi seli zisandul’ ukufakelwa izityalo “njengezangaphandle” uze uzilahle (uzihlasele).
- Kukwakho neengozi ezithile ezinxulumene neendlela (umz., utyando) eziqokelela okanye ezifaka iiseli emzimbeni.
Imingeni kuphando lweeseli ze-stem
Nangona uphando ngeeseli ze-stem zabantu abadala luqhubeke amashumi eminyaka, uphando ngeeseli ze-stem ze-embryonic lwaqala ngo-1998. Ngoko ke kusekho okuninzi ekufuneka kufundwe ngazo.
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili yimiba yokuziphatha . Kukho izimvo ezahlukeneyo malunga nokufumana iiseli kwiimbumba, kwaye abanye abantu abavumelani nolu phando.
Omnye umceli mngeni bubunzima bokukhulisa iiseli ze-stem zabantu abadala kwilebhu kunye nomngcipheko wazo ophezulu weziphene zemfuza. Ngenxa yale nto yonke, izazinzulu zisazama ukuvula iimfihlo zezi seli zimangalisayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-stem ziiseli "eziphambili" ezinokuba yiyo nayiphi na uhlobo lweseli emzimbeni.
- Okwangoku, ezi zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo kwaye zivunyiwe ikakhulu kukufakelwa komongo wethambo kubantu abanomhlaza wegazi ofana ne-leukemia.
- Unyango lweeseli ze-stem kwiingxaki ezifana neParkinson's, isifo seswekile, nesifo sentliziyo lusekwinqanaba lophando kwaye alusetyenziswa njengonyango oluqhelekileyo.
- Nangona amanye amaziko abucala esithi anikezela ngonyango olukwinqanaba lophando, ukhuseleko kunye nempumelelo yawo ayinakuqinisekiswa.
- Ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo malunga nonyango lwe-stem cell, qiniseka ukuba uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ofanelekileyo kwaye ufumane ingcebiso efanelekileyo.
Iiseli zesiqu, iiseli zesiqu, uphando lweeseli zesiqu, unyango lweeseli, uphando lwezonyango, ukufakelwa komongo wethambo, ukufakelwa komongo wethambo, iiseli zesiqu zombungu, iiseli zesiqu zabantu abadala
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