Ngaba uyazi nge-flu esasazekayo kule mihla? Masithethe nge-Swine Flu (H1N1)!

Usenokukhumbula umkhuhlane owabangela uloyiko olukhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo. Lowo yayingumkhuhlane weengulube, okanye umkhuhlane obizwa ngokuba yi-`(H1N1)`. Abantu abaninzi babewoyika, kwaye babephethwe yiwo. Ngoko ke namhlanje, makhe sifunde ngakumbi ngale mkhuhlane weengulube `(H1N1)`, kuba usephakathi kwethu, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izinto ezinje.

Yintoni le ntsholongwane yehagu (iSwine Flu - H1N1)?

Ngamafutshane, i-swine flu (H1N1) lusulelo lwenkqubo yethu yokuphefumla, oko kukuthi, inkqubo esiyiphefumlayo (imiphunga, i-trachea, njl.njl.) ebangelwa yintsholongwane ekwiqela le-influenza virus. Kukho isizathu esikhethekileyo sokuba ibizwa ngokuba yi-'swine flu'. Oko kukuthi, le ntsholongwane ifana kakhulu ne-flue virus echaphazela iihagu (ihagu ngesiNgesi ithetha iihagu). Le ntsholongwane ikwabangela isifo sokuphefumla kwiihagu. Ngoko ke xa ichaphazela abantu, siyibiza ngokuba yi-swine flu (H1N1). Nangona kunjalo, isasazeka phakathi kwabantu njengezinye iintlobo ze-flue eziqhelekileyo.

Ingaba i-swine flu (H1N1) kunye ne-Spanish flu ziyafana?

Hayi, ayifani ncam, kodwa kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi zimbini. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngomkhuhlane waseSpain, owawungubhubhane wehlabathi ngo-1918. Wawubangelwa naluhlobo lwentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-(H1N1). Khawuthelekelele, ngelo xesha, malunga nezigidi ezingama-500 zabantu kwihlabathi liphela bosulelwe yiyo, kwaye malunga nezigidi ezingama-50 zafa. Yayiyeyona bhubhane imbi kwimbali ebhaliweyo. Ngoko ke, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zosapho lwentsholongwane (H1N1) zinokuvela ngamanye amaxesha.

Yaqala njani i-2009 swine flu (H1N1) bhubhane?

Ngo-Epreli 2009, abaphandi bafumanise uhlobo olutsha lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane, intsholongwane i-(H1N1). Yaqala ukufunyaniswa eMelika. Emva koko yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke elase-United States yaza emva koko yasasazeka kwihlabathi liphela. Isizathu esiphambili sokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza kukuba yayiluhlobo olutsha lwentsholongwane yomkhuhlane olungazange lufunyanwe ngaphambili ebantwini.

Ngenxa yoko, ulutsha oluninzi aluzange lube namandla okwemvelo okuzikhusela kule ntsholongwane intsha. Kodwa okumangalisayo kukuba, abantu abadala babonakala benomlinganiselo othile wokuxhathisa. Mhlawumbi oku kwakungenxa yokuba ngaphambili babekhe bavezwa kuhlobo oludala nolufanayo lwe-`(H1N1)`. Oku kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwabanika ukhuseleko oluthile.

Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lutsha losulele izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation, ubuncinane abantu abayi-150,000 bafe ngenxa yalo. Eyona nto ibuhlungu kukuba ama-80% abo bafeyo yayingabantu abaselula, abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala.

Ngoko ke ubhubhane we-swine flu (H1N1) waphela nini?

I-World Health Organization (WHO) yabhengeza ngokusesikweni ukuphela kobhubhane we-(H1N1) ngo-Agasti 2010. Nangona kunjalo, oku akuthethi ukuba intsholongwane ye-(H1N1) itshatyalalisiwe ngokupheleleyo ehlabathini. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, abantu basenokosulelwa yintsholongwane ye-(H1N1) baze bayisasaze kwabanye.`(H1N1)` yenye nje yeentsholongwane ezibangela umkhuhlane wexesha elithile odla ngokuvela ngamaxesha athile onyaka. Oko kuthetha ukuba, njengezinye iintlobo zomkhuhlane, unokubangela abantu bagule, balale esibhedlele, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ezingathandekiyo, bade bafe.

Yintoni ebangela i-swine flu (H1N1)? Isasazeka njani?

I-Swine flu (H1N1) ibangelwa yintsholongwane. Isasazeka lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Ngokukodwa, xa umntu onomkhuhlane ekhohlela okanye ethimla, amathontsi amancinci emlonyeni nasempumlweni yakhe aphuma aye emoyeni. Ukuba uphefumla umoya oqulethe intsholongwane, unamathuba amaninzi okufumana esi sifo.

Enye indlela kukuchukumisa indawo enentsholongwane kuyo, njengesixhobo sokuvala ucango, itafile, okanye isihlalo sebhasi, uze uchukumise umlomo, impumlo, okanye amehlo akho ngeso sandla singcolileyo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.

Ingcamango ephosakeleyo exhaphakileyo phakathi kwabantu abaninzi kukuba ukutya inyama yehagu akuyi kubangela `(H1N1)`. Olu lusulelo lokuphefumla, alulosulelo olufumaneka ekutyeni.

Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane wehagu (H1N1)?

Iimpawu ze-swine flu (H1N1) zifana kakhulu nezo ze-flu eqhelekileyo. Iimpawu ziqala ukubonakala emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu emva kokuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni. Abanye abantu banokubonisa iimpawu kwisithuba sosuku okanye ezimbini. Nazi ezinye zeempawu:

• Umkhuhlane (unokwenzeka ngequbuliso kunye nomkhuhlane)
• Ukuziva ubanda kwaye uqhaqhazela (njengokuba nomkhuhlane)
• Ukukhwehlela (idla ngokuba kukukhwehlela okomileyo)
• Umphimbo obuhlungu/umphimbo obuhlungu
• Iintlungu zomzimba, iintlungu zemisipha
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukudinwa kakhulu, ukudinwa, kunye nobuthathaka
• Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nokuhlanza kunye norhudo.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiintsana ezincinci nakubantwana, ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kancinci, okanye zisenokungakwazi ukuziveza kakuhle, ngoko ke kufuneka silumke. Ukuba umntwana wakho okanye umntwana wakho omncinci unezinye zezi mpawu zilandelayo, musa ukuzityeshela kwaye ubize ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukuziva ngathi isifuba sakho siyangena xa uphefumla
• Ukozela rhoqo, ubunzima bokuvuka ebuthongweni
• Ukwala ukusela izinto ezinje ngamanzi nobisi, ukwala ukutya
• Urhawuzelelo olunomkhuhlane
• Ukudideka, ukuncipha kwengqondo, kunye nokungaphenduli

Indlela yokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo isifo somkhuhlane weengulube (H1N1)?

Ukuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane, ugqirha wakho unokukuhlola aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho ukuze abone ukuba ingaba yi-`(H1N1)`. Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi ngexesha lobhubhane womkhuhlane, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lomkhuhlane olukhawulezileyo. Olu `(vavanyo lomkhuhlane olukhawulezileyo)` lunokuxelela ukuba une-influenza A okanye B kwisithuba seyure. `(H1N1)` luhlobo lomkhuhlane A. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba yi-`(H1N1)` okanye olunye uhlobo lomkhuhlane A, unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo ngakumbi (njengovavanyo lwe-PCR), kwaye iziphumo zinokuthatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuba zibuye.

Inyangwa njani i-swine flu (H1N1)?

Enyanisweni, nokuba ufumana i-swine flu (H1N1), uninzi lwabantu abasempilweni abangenazo ezinye izifo ezingapheliyo (ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye isifo sentliziyo) abadingi mayeza okanye unyango olukhethekileyo. Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iya kuyilwa yodwa. Ukuba ufumana i-swine flu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo omawuyenze kuku:

• Phumla ngokwaneleyo. Okukhona uhlala ebhedini ixesha elide, kokukhona kungcono. Zigcine kude nemisebenzi enzima.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi. Sela amanzi, iti yemifuno, ijusi yeorenji, i-cilantro, isuphu, iporridge, kunye nejusi zeziqhamo ezintsha rhoqo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Yitya ukutya okulula nokunesondlo. Ukutya okulula ukukugaya kunye namafutha aphantsi kokona kulungileyo.
• Hlala ekhaya ngokuqinisekileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyeka ukusasazeka kwako kwabanye. Ubuncinane de umkhuhlane wakho wehle kwaye ezinye iimpawu zinciphe kakhulu.
• Sela amayeza afana neparacetamol (acetaminophen - Tylenol®) njengoko uyalelwe ngugqirha wakho ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, kunye nentloko ebuhlungu. Musa ukunika abantwana abancinci amayeza afana ne-aspirin ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ugula kakhulu, okanye ukuba ukwiqela elinomngcipheko ophezulu (umz., abafazi abakhulelweyo, abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, okanye abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo), ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane. Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, anjenge-oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) okanye i-zanamivir (Relenza®), anokunceda ukunciphisa ubunzima besi sifo ngokuthintela intsholongwane ukuba ingaphindaphindeki emzimbeni wakho. La mayeza anokunciphisa ixesha lokugula ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini kwaye ancede ekunciphiseni iimpawu. La mayeza okulwa neentsholongwane asebenza kakuhle ukuba uqala ukuwasela kwiiyure ezingama-48 zokuqala emva kweempawu zakho. Ngoko ke ukuba uziva ugula, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ungayithintela njani i-swine flu (H1N1)?

Kukho izinto ezilula, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu esinokuzenza ukuthintela ukufumana umkhuhlane wehagu (H1N1) nokuwusasaza kwabanye:

• Xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela, gquma umlomo nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye itshefu. Lahla ngononophelo ithishu esetyenzisiweyo emgqomeni. Ukuba ithishu ayifumaneki, thimla/khohlela engqinibeni yakho. Oku kungcono kunokugquma umlomo wakho ngesandla sakho.
• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha rhoqo.Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20. Ungasebenzisa nesicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala ukuba isepha namanzi azifumaneki.
• Kuphephe ukuchukumisa amehlo, impumlo, nomlomo ngezandla ezingcolileyo. Ezi zezona ndlela ziphambili intsholongwane enokungena ngazo emzimbeni.
• Ziphephe kangangoko unako izinto ezibangela ukugula. Nciphisa amathuba okuba udibane nabantu abanemikhuhlane kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Ukuba uyagula, ngokuqinisekileyo hlala ekhaya. Musa ukuya emsebenzini, esikolweni, okanye kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke. Oku kuya kukunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu ezifana neekomityi zokusela, iipleyiti, iistraw, izinto zokusela, kunye neetawuli nabanye.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, fumana isitofu somkhuhlane sexesha elithile ngaphambi kwexesha lomkhuhlane (ngokuqhelekileyo ekupheleni konyaka). Oku kunokukhusela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane ezinokusasazeka ngaloo nyaka, kuquka (H1N1).

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Uninzi lwabantu abafumana i-swine flu (H1N1) baya kuphila kuyo kwiintsuku ezimbalwa bebodwa. Iimpawu ze-(H1N1) ziyafana nezomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Iimpawu zihlala ziphucuka emva kweentsuku ezisixhenxe ukuya kwezisibhozo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ziya ziba mandundu, okanye ukuba ufumana nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo, fowunela okanye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla okanye iintlungu zesifuba
• Isiyezi ngequbuliso
• Ukudideka, ingqondo etshintshileyo
• Ukuba uhlanza rhoqo
• Ukuba umkhuhlane uphelile, umkhuhlane ubuya ngequbuliso kwaye ukukhwehlela kuyakhula.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza kunokuthintela iingxaki ezinkulu.

Zeziphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ndiyibuze ugqirha wam?

Ukuba uya kugqirha, kungcono ukubuza imibuzo efana nale ukuze uqonde kakuhle imeko yakho:

• Ngaba ngokwenene ndine `(H1N1)`, okanye omnye umkhuhlane?
• Ngaba ndifuna unyango olukhethekileyo koku?
• Ngaba kufanelekile ukuba ndifumane ugonyo lomkhuhlane? Ndifanele ndilufumane nini?
• Ukuba ndinikwe amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, ndifanele ndiwathathe ixesha elingakanani kwaye ndifanele ndiwathathe njani kanye kanye?
• Emva kokuba ndiphilile kwi-swine flu, ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini okanye esikolweni? Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndiyeke ukusasaza esi sifo kwabanye?
• Zeziphi izinto ekufuneka ndizilumkele kakhulu?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umkhuhlane weengulube (H1N1) wawukade ubhubhane wehlabathi. Kodwa ngoku le ntsholongwane ilawulwa, oko kuthetha ukuba iye yaba yintsholongwane yomkhuhlane eqhelekileyo yexesha elithile. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abantu abanakugula okanye babe mandundu ngenxa ye (H1N1). Abantu basenokuyifumana , kwaye abanye abantu banokuyifumana kakubi kakhulu, ingakumbi abo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka, abo banezifo ezingapheliyo, kunye nabantwana abancinci.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uziva ngathi unomkhuhlane, ungoyiki, phumla ngokwaneleyo, kwaye usele amanzi. Ukuba iimpawu zakho zibonakala zisiba mandundu, okanye ukuba azipheli emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ngokuqinisekileyo bonana nogqirha. Ukuzinyamekela yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kufuneka sithathe uxanduva lokuthintela ukusasazwa kwesi sifo kwabanye.

Sonke masizame ukuhlala sisempilweni size sizikhusele kwezi zifo!

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