Kwangoko nje ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho une-autism, kubalulekile ukuba ayixilongwe. Ngamanye amaxesha kungathatha ixesha ukufumana uxilongo olusemthethweni, ngoko ke makhe sifunde ngeendlela zokunceda umntwana wakho ngoko nangoko. Unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono. Kodwa akukaze kube semva kwexesha. Okusebenza komnye umntwana kusenokungasebenzi komnye. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto nganye nganye.
Ngaba ukudlala kuyamnceda umntwana? (Play Therapy)
Abantwana abane-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) badla ngokudlala ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunabanye abantwana. Umzekelo, ukuba ubanika imoto yokudlala, endaweni yokuyityhala, banokujonga amavili baze bayijikelezise. Kananjalo abenzi "umdlalo wokuzenzisa" njengabanye abantwana, njengokutyisa unodoli okanye ukwenza iti. Basenokungabi nathuba lokudlala nabanye.
Kodwa, kwaba bantwana, ukudlala yindlela yokubonakalisa iingcinga neemvakalelo zabo. Amathoyizi nezenzo zabo ziba ngamazwi abo. Ngoko ke, sisebenzisa lo mdlalo, singabafundisa izinto ezintsha ngendlela abayiqondayo kwaye sibancede badibane nabanye. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yiPlay Therapy .
Unyango lokudlala lunokunceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono zomntwana zentlalo nezeemvakalelo, lumfundise ukucinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kwaye lukhulise izakhono zolwimi nezonxibelelwano.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili ze-Play Therapy:
- Ixesha lomgangatho: Oku kubandakanya ingcali yezonyango, utitshala, okanye wena uhleli phantsi nomntwana nidlala ngendlela efanayo naleyo umntwana adlala ngayo. Emva koko, wongeza kancinci kancinci into entsha kumdlalo (njengenye into yokudlala okanye igama). Injongo apha kukwakha unxibelelwano oluphakathi komntwana nawe.
- Amaqela Okudlala Adibeneyo (ii-IPG): Kulapho abantwana abane-autism kunye nabantwana abangenayo i-autism bahlanganiswa khona ukuze benze amaqela okudlala. Oku kunika abantwana abane-autism ithuba lokufunda indlela yokudlala ngokubukela nokulinganisa abanye abantwana.
- I-JASPER (Ukuzibandakanya kunye noLawulo loMdlalo oHlanganisiweyo): Le ndlela inceda umntwana ukuba aziqhelise ukunikela ingqalelo kwithoyi nomntu ngaxeshanye. Xa olu 'gxininiso oluhlangeneyo' lukhula, kuba lula ukudlala nabanye abantwana.
Unyango Lomsebenzi ukunceda ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla ibe lula
Unyango lomsebenzi, okanye njengoko sonke sisazi,Unyango Lomsebenzi (OT) lunyango olunceda umntwana ukuba enze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (umz., ukuqhobosha ihempe, ukubamba icephe ngokufanelekileyo) eyedwa. Oku kunokubandakanya nantoni na ukususela kumsebenzi wesikolo ukuya ekudlaleni. Olu nyango lwenzelwe ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno neenjongo zomntwana.
Ingcali yezonyango emsebenzini isebenza njengeqela nabazali, ootitshala, kunye nezinye iingcali. Banceda ekubekeni iinjongo ezithile zokunxibelelana komntwana nabantu , ukuziphatha kwakhe, kunye nemisebenzi yakhe eklasini.
| Iingenelo zoNyango lweMisebenzi (OT) | |
|---|---|
| Umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla | Ukunceda ngezinto ezifana nokufundisa indlu yangasese, ukunxiba, kunye nokuxubha amazinyo ngokwakho. |
| Izakhono zobuchule bokuhamba kakuhle | Ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezifunekayo zokubamba nokusebenzisa izinto ezifana neepensile nezikere ngokuchanekileyo. |
| Izakhono zokuqhuba umzimba ngokubanzi | Ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezifunekayo zokuhamba, ukunyuka izinyuko, ukukhwela ibhayisekile, njl. |
| Izakhono zokuqonda | Ukunceda ekuchongeni umahluko phakathi kwemibala, iimilo kunye nobukhulu. |
| Izakhono zentlalo | Ukunceda ukudlala nabanye, ukwabelana ngezimvo, nokwakha ubudlelwane. |
Ngamafutshane, injongo iyonke ye-OTs kukunceda umntwana one-autism ukuba azimele kangangoko, akwazi ukuzenzela izinto eyedwa ekhaya nasesikolweni.
Unyango lweNtetho
Abantwana abane-autism banokuba neengxaki ezinkulu zombini ukuthetha kunye nokunxibelelana ngaphandle kokuthetha, njengokunxibelelana ngamehlo kunye nezandla. Yingakho unyango lokuthetha luyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yonyango lwe-autism .
Iingxaki zokuthetha eziqhelekileyo zibonwa kwi-autism
- Andithethi konke konke.
- Ukwenza iingxolo ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana nokubhomboloza.
- Ukuphinda oko kuthethwayo (sikubiza ngokuba yi- Echolalia ).
- Ukuthetha ngethoni yerobhothi, engenazo naziphi na iimvakalelo, nangona amagama nezivakalisi zibizwa ngokuchanekileyo.
- Ukungajongani emehlweni xa bethetha.
- Ubunzima bokuqonda imbonakalo yobuso babanye abantu, ithoni yelizwi, kunye nolwimi lomzimba.
Ingcali yoThetha ngeNtetho noLwimi ingakunceda ufumane ezona ndlela zilungileyo zokuphucula izakhono zonxibelelwano zomntwana wakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho akathethi, unokucebisa ezinye iindlela. Umzekelo:
- Ukuziqhelanisa nokuveza iimfuno usebenzisa amakhadi emifanekiso.
- Ukufundisa ulwimi lwezandla.
- Ukuziqhelanisa nonxibelelwano usebenzisa isixhobo se-elektroniki esifana nethebhulethi.
Olu nyango lunokunceda umntwana afunde ukubiza amagama ngokuchanekileyo, aqalise incoko nabanye, aveze iingcinga neemvakalelo zakhe, kwaye onwabele ukudlala nabanye. Kungcono ukuqala olu nyango kwangethuba.
Iindlela zokuphuhlisa ukuziphatha okuhle (Uhlalutyo Lokuziphatha Olusetyenzisiweyo - ABA)
Le ndlela yonyango, ebizwa ngokuba yi -ABA , ibandakanya ukuchonga iindlela zokuziphatha ezilungileyo zomntwana nokumkhuthaza ukuba azenze ngakumbi. Kusetyenziswa imivuzo eyahlukeneyo koku. Le ndlela ikwanceda ekufundeni izakhono ezintsha. Abazali nabagcini nabo baqeqeshwa koku, ukuze bakwazi ukunika umntwana ulwalathiso olufunekayo ekhaya.
Kukwakho neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-ABA:
- Uqeqesho lovavanyo olufihlakeleyo (DTT): Kule nto, indlela yokuziphatha okanye isakhono ekufuneka sifundiswe umntwana siyahlulwa sibe ngamanyathelo amancinci size sifundiswe ngalinye ngalinye.
- Unyango lweNgxaki ePhambili (i-PRT): Olu nyango lujolise kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zophuhliso lomntwana (umz., ukuzilawula, ukujongana neemeko zentlalo).
- Ukungenelela Kwendlela Yokuziphatha Ngamazwi (VBI): Injongo ephambili yoku kukuphucula izakhono zomntwana zokuthetha.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango eziluncedo
Ukongeza kwiindlela eziphambili zonyango ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kukho nezinye iindlela ezininzi zonyango.
Ukukhwela ihashe okunyangayo
Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiHippotherapy . Apha, umntwana ukhwela ihashe phantsi kweliso logqirha wengqondo. Umntwana kufuneka alawule umzimba wakhe aze agcine ibhalansi ngokweentshukumo zehashe. Oku kufana nomthambo wonyango lomzimba. Uphando lubonise ukuba le ndlela iphucula izakhono zabantwana zentlalo nezokuthetha. Ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ukungazinzi kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo.
Ngaphambi kokuba wenze naziphi na izigqibo malunga naluphi na olu nyango, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho okanye ugqirha wabantwana malunga nendlela yonyango efanelekileyo kwimeko yomntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Unyango lwe-autism luqala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo ziba ngcono. Kodwa akukabi lixesha kakhulu ukuqala.
- Oko kusebenza komnye umntwana kusenokungasebenzi komnye, ngoko ke umntwana wakho uya kufuna isicwangciso sonyango esikhethekileyo kuye.
- Unyango Lokudlala, Unyango Lomsebenzi (OT), kunye Nonyango Lokuthetha ziindlela ezintathu eziphambili zonyango ezinceda kakhulu ekuphuhliseni umntwana one-autism.
- Iindlela zonyango ezifana ne-ABA zingasebenza kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuziphatha okuhle.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naluphi na unyango, thetha nogqirha womntwana wakho kwaye ucele ulwalathiso lwakhe. Xelela ugqirha malunga nenkqubela yomntwana wakho.
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