Ngamanye amaxesha usenokuba uqaphele, ungaqondanga, ukuba amehlo akho ayaqhwanyaza, amahlombe akho ayagxadazela, okanye unesihlungu somqala. Mhlawumbi ukhe woyika nokubona umntwana wakho esenza oku. Ezi zizinto esizibiza ngokuba yi-'tic'. Ezi ziimeko ezinxulumene nenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo . Uninzi lwexesha, oku akuyonto ibalulekileyo, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wena nomntwana wakho nikwazi oku.
Zithini ezi ngxaki zeTic?
Ngamafutshane, isifo sokushukuma sisifo esikwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo esibangela ukuba sibe neentshukumo zomzimba eziphindaphindayo okanye izandi ezinzima ukuzilawula. Khawucinge nje, umntwana omnye kwabahlanu uza kuba nale meko ngaxa lithile ebomini bakhe.
Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala phakathi kweminyaka emi-4 neyi-6. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kweminyaka eli-10 neli-12. Iingxaki ze-tic ngamanye amaxesha zinokuhamba nezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana nokudakumba, i-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), i-OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder), kunye nexhala.
Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba uninzi lwexesha, ezi ntshukumo ziyancipha njengoko sikhula, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziyanyamalala ngokupheleleyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeengxaki ze-tic?
Incwadi esetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuxilonga ezi meko, iDSM-5-TR, idwelisa iintlobo ezintathu zeengxaki zokushukuma komzimba. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
1. Ingxaki Yokushukuma Kwengqondo Yesikhashana: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwengxaki yokushukuma kwentliziyo . Luchaphazela malunga nama-20% abantwana abakwiminyaka yokufunda isikolo. Ukuba umntwana wakho unentshukumo enye okanye ezingaphezulu zomzimba okanye zelizwi ixesha elingaphezu kwenyanga kodwa lingaphantsi konyaka, ugqirha wakho unokumfumanisa eneNgxaki Yokushukuma Kwengqondo Yesikhashana.
2. Ingxaki yokushukuma kwemithambo yegazi okanye yelizwi engapheliyo (engapheliyo): Nangona ukushukuma kwemithambo yegazi okwethutyana kudla ngokuphela kungekapheli nonyaka, olu hlobo lokushukuma komzimba luhlala ixesha elingaphezu konyaka. Kwimeko enjalo, umntwana usenokuba nokushukuma kwemithambo yegazi kuphela okanye ukushukuma kwelizwi kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, zombini ezi ntlobo azenzeki kunye. Oku kuchaphazela malunga nomntwana omnye kwabayi-100.
3. I-Tourette Syndrome: Le yeyona ngxaki inzima neyinkimbinkimbi ye-tic. Nangona isenokubonakala ngathi yi-tic engapheliyo, inokuba luphawu lwe-Tourette syndrome. Umntwana onesi sifoZombini iintshukumo zomzimba kunye neentshukumo zelizwi zenzeka kunye. Ezi mpawu zihlala ziqala phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neli-10 ubudala.
Ulwalamano phakathi koxinzelelo kunye ne-tics
Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi ntshukumo ziyanda xa siphantsi koxinzelelo okanye ixhala. Isizathu soku sisenokuba kukukwazi kwethu ukulawula imizimba yethu kuncipha xa siphantsi koxinzelelo. Kwakhona, ixhala linokunyusa ukuphindaphindeka kwentshukumo.
Kutheni le nto ezi ngxaki zokudakumba zenzeka?
Isizathu esichanekileyo soku asikafunyanwa, kodwa abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba zininzi izinto ezinegalelo koku.
- I-genetics: Ezi zifo zihlala kwiintsapho, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuba umzali okanye isalamane esisondeleyo sinazo, umntwana unokuba nazo.
- Ezinye iingxaki zokuziphatha: Ezi zinokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana ne-ADHD kunye ne-OCD, esixoxe ngazo ngaphambili.
- Iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Kucingelwa ukuba le ngozi inokwandiswa zizinto ezifana nokutshaya kukamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokuzalwa komntwana enobunzima obuphantsi.
Umngcipheko wokufumana le meko kubafana uphindwe kathathu ukuya kane kunakumantombazana.
Zingaba yintoni iimpawu zoku?
Ezi mpawu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: Iintshukumo zoMzimba kunye neeNgxaki zeMisindo. Udidi ngalunye lunezixhobo ezilula nezintsonkothileyo. Masizijonge kwitheyibhile.
| Uhlobo lwetikiti | Imizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iimoto eziqhubayo | |
| IiMoto ezilula zeTics (Kukho iqela elinye kuphela lemisipha elibandakanyekayo) |
|
| IiMotor Tics Ezintsonkothileyo (Kubandakanyeka amaqela amaninzi emisipha) | |
| Iintetho zelizwi | |
| Iintetho zeVocal ezilula |
|
| Iintetho Ezintsonkothileyo Zelizwi | |
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani ukuba oku sisifo?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uya kugqiba ukuba esi sisifo sokushukuma kwengqondo ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.
- Luhlobo luni lwe-tics onalo? (Ngokwenyama, ngokuthetha, okanye zombini?)
- Zibekho ixesha elingakanani ezi zinto ?
- Ezi zinto zaqala zineminyaka emingaphi ?
- Ngaba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo/obenayo le meko?
- Ngaba usela amayeza esinye isifo ?
Ngokwesiqhelo, uvavanyo lwegazi okanye iiskeni azifuneki ukuze kufunyaniswe oku. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kokuba ezi mpawu zibangelwa yenye imeko yezonyango, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi, i-MRI, i-CT scan, okanye i-EEG.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zale meko?
Akukho nyango lweengxaki zokushukuma komzimba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango oluninzi olunokunceda ukulawula nokunciphisa iimpawu, kwaye lukuncede uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Unyango luhlala luqwalaselwa kuphela ukuba ukushukuma komzimba kubangela intlungu, ukwenzakala, ukuphazamisana nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, okanye kubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu lwengqondo.
Amayeza
Ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okulawula iimpawu ezinzima. Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza awayi kuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ukushukuma komzimba, kodwa aya kulawula kuphela.
- Ii-agonists ze-Alpha-adrenergic: Ezi zezokuqala ukunikwa. Imizekelo: `Clonidine`, `Guanfacine`.
- Amayeza okulwa nesifo sengqondo: La anikwa xa iimpawu kunzima ukuzilawula. Imizekelo: `Haloperidol`, `Risperidone`.
- Amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula: Amanye amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga isifo sokuxhuzula, njengeTopiramate (Topamax), afunyenwe enceda abanye abantu abaneTourette syndrome.
- Inaliti zeBotox: Intlungu ebuhlungu inokuncitshiswa ngokufaka inaliti ye-'Botox' kwisihlunu.
Unyango Lokuziphatha
Le yindlela yonyango ebaluleke kakhulu. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba uziqhelise iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunciphisa ukuphindaphindeka kunye nobunzima be-tics.
- Unyango Lokuguqula Isimilo: Kule nto, uchonga imvakalelo ozivayo ngaphambi kokuba i-tic ifike kwaye uziqhelise ukwenza enye into (impendulo ekhuphisanayo) ukuze utshintshe i-tic ngelo xesha. Umzekelo, ukuba une-tic ehlikihla intloko, kufana nokubeka izandla zakho emadolweni akho kwangoko xa imvakalelo ifika.
- I-CBIT (Ungenelelo Olupheleleyo Lokuziphatha Kwama-Tics): Le yindlela yonyango ebanzi edibanisa unyango lokuguqula isimilo, imfundo malunga nama-tic, kunye neendlela zokuphumla.
Ukukhuthazwa koBuchopho obuNzulu (i-DBS)
Olu lunyango olusesekwinqanaba lophando kwaye luqwalaselwa kuphela kwabo baneemeko ezinzima kakhulu abangakhange baphendule kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Kolu nyango, isixhobo esincinci sifakwa engqondweni size sithumele imiqondiso yombane.
Singamnceda njani umntwana onesifo sokuwa?
Ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko, zininzi izinto onokuzenza njengomzali.
- Yazisa isikolo: Yazisa ootitshala kunye nenqununu yesikolo ngemeko yomntwana wakho ukuze bakwazi ukubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo eklasini kwaye baqinisekise ukuba akukho ngxaki nabanye abantwana.
- Yakha ukuzithemba: Nceda umntwana wakho enze izinto azithandayo, aphuhlise italente yakhe, kwaye umkhuthaze ukuba enze abahlobo.
- Musa ukumgxeka umntwana wakho: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Umntwana akenzi ezi zinto ngabom. Ngoko ke musa ukumlimaza umntwana wakho ngokuthi “Kutheni usenza oku?” okanye “Yeka.” Endaweni yoko, mqonde kwaye umxhase.
- Landela icebiso lezonyango: Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kwaye uye kwintlanganiso zonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Izifo ze-Tic ziimeko zemithambo-luvo ongenakukwazi ukuzilawula wena okanye umntwana wakho. Azizo ezinjongo.
- Kwiimeko ezininzi, le meko iyancipha xa umntu ekhula, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iyanyamalala ngokupheleleyo.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukumqonda nokumxhasa, endaweni yokumgxeka.
- Ukuba iimpawu zinzima kwaye ziphazamisana nemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha ofanelekileyo ukuze akunike iingcebiso.
- Ezi mpawu zinokulawulwa ngempumelelo ngamayeza kunye nonyango lokuziphatha.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho