Ngaba imithambo emikhulu yentliziyo yomntwana wakho itshintshiwe? (Ukuguqulwa kwemithambo emikhulu) - Masithethe ngale nto!

Kunzima ukuchaza uloyiko nosizi oluvayo xa usiva ukuba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa unesifo sentliziyo, akunjalo? Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ngamanye amaxesha iintsana zinokutshintsha imithambo yegazi emibini ephambili ezintliziyweni zazo xa zizalwa. Namhlanje sithetha ngesinye sezifo ezinjalo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Transposition of the Great Arteries)`. Oku kungabonakala kunzima kancinci, kodwa masikwenze kube lula.

Yintoni iTransposition of the Great Arteries?

Ngamafutshane, le yimeko "yokuzalwa" eyenzeka xa umntwana ezalwa. Oko kukuthi, le ngxaki yenzeka ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni sikanina. Sinemithambo yegazi emibini ephambili ethwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni yethu ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Omnye yi -pulmonary artery, ethwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni , kwaye omnye yi -aorta, ethwala igazi ukuya emzimbeni wonke . Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba le mithambo yegazi mibini mikhulu iqhagamshelwe entliziyweni kwiindawo ezingalunganga, kungekhona kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo. Kufana nemibhobho eya kwiitanki zamanzi ezimbini itshintshiwe.

Igazi lihamba njani ngokuqhelekileyo? Kwenzeka ntoni kule meko?

Ngokwesiqhelo, oku kwenzekayo: igazi lomzimba elingenaoksijini (igazi eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) liya entliziyweni, ukusuka apho liye emiphungeni ukuze lithathe ioksijini. Emva koko igazi elitsha, elinooksijini eninzi (igazi elibomvu) libuyela entliziyweni, ukusuka apho liye emzimbeni wonke ngemithambo emikhulu. Kodwa kule meko "yoTshintsho lweMithambo Emikhulu", ngenxa yokuba imithambo yegazi emibini itshintshiwe, igazi elingenaoksijini eninzi libuyela emzimbeni endaweni yokuya emiphungeni. Ngokufanayo, igazi elineoksijini eninzi elivela emiphungeni libuyela emiphungeni endaweni yokuya emzimbeni. Khawuthelekelele ukuba oku kuya kufikelela kancinci kangakanani kwioksijini emalungu omzimba omntwana.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zezi?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto: 1. I-Levo-transposition (i-Levo-transposition okanye i-l-TGA): Kule meko, i-aorta yomntwana ikwicala lasekhohlo lomthambo wemiphunga. Kule meko, ayizizo kuphela imithambo yegazi emibini, kodwa namagumbi asezantsi entliziyo ayatshintshwa. Nangona kunjalo, kolu hlobo, igazi elingenaoksijini liya emiphungeni kwaye igazi elineoksijini liya emzimbeni, ngoko ke alibangeli monakalo mkhulu. Oku akuvamile kangako. 2. I-Dextro-transposition (i-Dextro-transposition okanye i-d-TGA): Kule meko, i-aorta yomntwana ikwicala lasekunene lomthambo wemiphunga. Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo, kwaye lukwaluhlobo olufuna ingqalelo engakumbi. Siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngale `(d-TGA)` kweli nqaku.

Kutheni le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-d-TGA iyingozi kwiintsana?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, kwimeko ye-`(d-TGA)`, umzimba womntwana uzele ligazi elingena-oxygen. Oku kuthetha ukuba zonke izitho ezibalulekileyo zomntwana, ezinje ngengqondo, izintso, nesibindi, azifumani umlinganiselo ofunekayo we-oxygen. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kubomi bomntwana. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ezi zingane zizalwa, kunokubakho umngxuma phakathi kwamagumbi aphezulu entliziyo `(Atrial Septal Defect okanye ASD)` okanye umngxuma phakathi kwamagumbi asezantsi entliziyo `(Ventricular Septal Defect okanye VSD)`. Nangona ezi mngxuma ziyimeko engaqhelekanga, kwiimeko ezinjalo, ezi mngxuma azinakunceda nganto. Oko kukuthi, ezi mngxuma zivumela igazi elinomoya-mpilo ukuba lixubane negazi elingena-oxygen. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani be-oxygen efunyenweyo alwanelanga konke konke. Ke ngoko, umntwana ngokuqinisekileyo udinga unyango.

Ungakhathazeki, kukho utyando lwale meko. Oogqirha bebesenza olu tyando ngempumelelo kangangeminyaka.

Zithini iimpawu ukuba umntwana wakho unale meko? (Iimpawu)

Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezine-`(d-TGA)` zinokuba nesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-`(cyanosis),` esinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/ongwevu wolusu ngenxa yokunqongophala kweoksijini. Zisenokuba nentliziyo ebuthathaka. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla .
• Intliziyo ibuthathaka kakhulu.
• Ubonisa ukungafuni nokusela ubisi.
• Intliziyo yam ivakala ngathi ibetha kakhulu, ngathi ibetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
• Ulusu kunye namhlophe emehlweni anokubonakala ngathi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (kwiintsana ezinesikhumba esikhanyayo) okanye angwevu (kwiintsana ezinesikhumba esimnyama).

Ziqala nini ezi mpawu?

Umntwana one-`(d-TGA)` uya kuqala ukubonisa ezi mpawu xa ezalwa. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-`(ASD)`, imingxunya emincinci entliziyweni yomntwana inokubangela ukuba igazi elithile elineoksijini lifike emzimbeni, ngoko ke iimpawu zingabonakali kangako. Kwakhona, i-`(patent ductus arteriosus)`, umthambo wegazi osetyenziswa ngumntwana esesibelekweni, unokuhlala uvulekile iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igazi lixubane. Nangona kunjalo, xa le mingxunya yexeshana kunye nemibhobho ivala, iimpawu zinokunyuka ngequbuliso. Kwimeko enjalo, umntwana ufuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? (Izizathu)

Oogqirha abakayazi kakuhle into ebangela iTransposition of the Great Arteries. Njengezinye izifo zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo, kukholelwa ukuba zibangelwa kukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo okanye ukuvezwa kwiityhefu ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ezinye zezinto ezinokubangela le meko ziquka:

• Ukuba ubunesifo seswekile sokukhulelwa ngexesha lokukhulelwa .
• Ukuba unesifo esifana ne -rubella ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
• Ukuba ukhe wadibana nezibulali-zinambuzane okanye izibulali-zinambuzane ezithile.
• Ukuba ukhe wasebenzisa amayeza athile okuxhuzula.

Musa ukoyika ngezi zinto. Asinguye wonke umntu okhe waba nenye yezi zinto oza kuhlangabezana nale meko.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banokuyibona le meko ngelixa usakhulelwe. Oku kwenziwa ngovavanyo lwangaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba kukho into engalunganga ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound komntwana wakho, angakucela ukuba wenze i-echocardiogram ye-fetal. Oku kufana ne-ultrasound, kodwa ijonga intliziyo yomntwana ngokweenkcukacha. Oku kunokuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na i-d-TGA. Ukuba ayifunyaniswanga ngexesha lokukhulelwa, idla ngokufunyaniswa kwiveki yokuqala emva kokuzalwa.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo koku?

Uvavanyo olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuqinisekisa le meko zezi:

• I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Le ikwayi-ultrasound scan yentliziyo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Uvavanyo olujonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-pulse oximetry oluvela kwiintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa: Oku kudla ngokwenziwa kuzo zonke iintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa.
• Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray yesifuba.
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo: Olu luvavanyo oluntsonkothileyo. Ityhubhu encinci ( i-catheter ) ifakwa ngomlenze okanye ingalo entliziyweni. Oku kwenziwa ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo azicacanga.
• I-CT scan luvavanyo.

Ungayinyanga njani le nto? Umntwana wakho udinga uncedo ngokukhawuleza!

Umntwana ozelwe ene-`(d-TGA)` kufuneka atyandwe ukuze asinde. Uninzi lwexesha, olu tyando lwenziwa kwiveki yokuqala yokuzalwa. Olu tyando lubizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokutshintsha imithambo yegazi . Ngamafutshane, oku kuquka ukuphinda kudityaniswe imithambo yegazi emibini etshintshiweyo (i-aorta kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary) kwiindawo zayo ezifanelekileyo. Oku kuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe kakuhle. Ukuba umntwana wakho unemingxuma entliziyweni yakhe, efana ne-`(VSD)`, nayo iya kulungiswa ngexesha lotyando.

Izinto zexeshana ekufuneka zenziwe ngaphambi kotyando

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zokwexeshana ukuze bazinzise imeko yomntwana de kube kugqitywe utyando olukhulu. Ezi ziquka:

• I-Prostaglandin: Eli yeza lisetyenziselwa ukuvula i-ductus arteriosus, umthambo wegazi owawunawo umntwana esibelekweni kodwa uvaleka emva kokuzalwa. Nje ukuba oku kuvuliwe, igazi elithile elineoksijini liqala ukungena emzimbeni.
• Inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yiBalloon atrial septostomy:Kule nto, kusetyenziswa ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ukwandisa umngxuma wendalo phakathi kwamagumbi amabini aphezulu entliziyo. Oku kuvumela igazi elineoksijini nelingenaoksijini ukuba lixubane, nto leyo enika umzimba ioksijini ethile.

Ngaba le meko ingathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela eyaziwayo yokuthintela ukuguquka kwemithambo emikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukulandela iindlela ezilungileyo zempilo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho. Fumana zonke iinaliti zakho ngexesha, uthabathe iivithamini ezininzi, kwaye ugcine amadinga akho kugqirha. Ukuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho onembali yesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaso. Usenokucebisa iingcebiso ngemfuza.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Ungaphila njani ne-TGA

Nangona utyando lungayisindisi ngokupheleleyo le meko, abantu abaninzi abane-`(d-TGA)` baphila ubomi obupheleleyo nobusempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, abo banale meko `(yokuzalwa)` bafuna ulwalathiso lwezonyango ubomi babo bonke. Ingcali yentliziyo iya kujonga imeko yomntwana wakho rhoqo kwaye inike naluphi na iingcebiso ezifunekayo. Izinga lokusinda emva kotyando `(utshintsho lwemithambo)` lingaphezulu kwama-95%. Kuthiwa eli zinga lihlala lifana nasemva kweminyaka engama-25.

Ngaba umntwana wakho angaphila kakuhle ne-TGA?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Emva konyango lwesifo `(Ukuguquka kweMithambo Emikhulu)`, umntwana wakho unokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, intliziyo kufuneka inyanyekelwe ubomi bayo bonke. Oko kuthetha ukuba:

• Ufanele uhlale unxibelelana rhoqo nogqirha wentliziyo ogxile kwezi ntlobo zeemeko.
• Ufanele uthabathe amayeza amiselweyo ngokuchanekileyo.
• Uvavanyo olujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo, olufana `(EKG), `(Holter monitor), `(uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzilolonga), kunye `(echocardiogram)' kuya kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo.

Iingcali ezininzi zentliziyo azicebisi ukudlala imidlalo yokhuphiswano emva kotyando lwe-`(d-TGA)`. Ngoko ke, wena nomntwana wakho, ugqirha wakho wezingane, kunye nogqirha wakho wentliziyo kufuneka nisebenzisane ukuze nenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo ngempilo yomntwana wenu. Abafazi abaninzi abaye benza utyando lwe-`(d-TGA)` baphumelele ekuzaleni abantwana. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho kunye nogqirha wakho wentliziyo ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe.

Ngaba kuza kufuneka utyando lwentliziyo olungakumbi kwixesha elizayo?

Ewe, kunokufuneka utyando olongezelelweyo kamva. Amaxesha amaninzi, lulokulungisa ingxaki yesantya sentliziyo okanye ukulungisa iivalvu zentliziyo.

Ngaba kukho umngcipheko we-endocarditis?

I-Endocarditis yimeko eyenzeka xa usulelo lwebhaktiriya lungena entliziyweni. Abantu abaneengxaki zentliziyo ezifana ne-TGA banamathuba amaninzi okuba nale meko. Ke ngoko, abantu abaye benza utyando lokuguqula amazinyo banokufuna ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba banyangwe ngamazinyo.

Ngaba oku kungachaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo?

Abanye abantwana abaye batshintsha imithambo yegazi banokuba ne-ADHD (ingxaki yokungakwazi ukunikel’ ingqalelo). Okanye banokufuna uncedo olukhethekileyo ngomsebenzi wesikolo. Qaphela oku.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezi mpawu...

• Ukuba uziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla.
• Ukuba i-pulse ibuthathaka kakhulu.
• Ukuba ulusu olujikeleze umlomo lujike lwaba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/mhlophe.

Ukuba ubona into efana nale, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba wenze olu tyando usengumntwana...

Uza kufuna ukuxilongwa rhoqo ngugqirha kunye nokubekwa esweni ubomi bakho bonke. Bonana nogqirha wentliziyo onamava kwisifo sentliziyo sabantu abadala (esizalwa naso).

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Ukuba umntwana wakho une-Transposition of the Great Artery, ungambuza ugqirha le mibuzo:

• Ingaba umntwana wam ufuna utyando kungekudala?
• Yeyiphi eyona ndlela ilungileyo yonyango?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango olulandelayo olufunekayo kumntwana wam?
• Ngaba kuza kufuneka enze olunye utyando?
• Ngaba kukho nayiphi na imiqathango kwimisebenzi yakhe?
• Ndingayinyamekela njani umntwana wam emva kotyando?

Ukuba wenze utyando lwale meko usengumntwana, ungambuza ugqirha wakho oku:

• Ngaba ndiza kufuna olunye utyando?
• Luhlobo luni lolawulo lwezonyango endiludingayo?
• Ngaba kukho nayiphi na imiqathango kwimisebenzi yam?
• Ndingaba nomntwana?

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukufumanisa ukuba umntwana wakho osandul’ ukuzalwa unesimo sentliziyo asinto ayilindeleyo kubazali. Kunokuba buhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa, awuwedwa. Oogqirha bomntwana wakho banokukunceda kulo lonke olu hambo baze bakunike isikhokelo kwizigqibo ozenzayo.

Khumbula, oogqirha bebenyanga iintsana nge-TGA kangangeminyaka, kwaye iziphumo ziphumelela kakhulu. Yomelela kumntwana wakho. Ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo malunga nantoni na ongayiqondiyo okanye ongaqinisekanga ngayo. Ukuqonda kwakho ngamandla amakhulu omntwana wakho kwikamva elisempilweni.

Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso, utyando lokutshintsha imithambo yegazi, i-cyanosis, isifo sentliziyo sabantwana, i-d-TGA, utyando lwentliziyo