Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile kwaye uxhalabile xa umntwana wakho efunyaniswa ukuba une- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi engqondweni yakho, efana nokuthi "Ndenze ntoni ngoku?" "Liza kuba njani ikamva lomntwana wam?" Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba awuwedwa, kwaye kukho unyango oluninzi olufumanekayo namhlanje olunokunceda aba bantwana baphuhlise izakhono zabo, balawule iimpawu zabo, kwaye baphile ubomi obungcono.
I-Autism ayisiyongxaki yokulingana nayo yonke into. Ifana kakhulu ne-spectrum. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanye abantwana banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu eziqatha ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, unyango olufanayo komnye umntwana lusenokungalungelanga omnye. Unyango lukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zomntwana wakho, imingeni kunye namandla akhe. Injongo ephambili yazo zonke ezi ndlela zonyango kukunciphisa iimpawu zomntwana wakho kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso ephezulu ekufundeni kwakhe nasekuphuhlisweni kwakhe ngokubanzi.
Iindlela zonyango eziphucula ukuziphatha kunye nonxibelelwano
Ezi zezona ndlela ziphambili nezibalulekileyo zonyango lwe-autism. Zizama ukuphucula izakhono zomntwana zentlalo, izakhono zonxibelelwano kunye neendlela zokuziphatha.
Uhlalutyo Lokuziphatha Olusetyenziswayo (ABA)
Le yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ezikolweni nakwiikliniki. Ngamafutshane, inceda ukonyusa ukuziphatha kakuhle komntwana nokunciphisa ukuziphatha okubi . Le ndlela inokuphuhlisa izakhono ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kukho amaqhinga ahlukeneyo angasetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntwana.
- Uqeqesho oluDiscrete Trial (DTT): Oku kuquka ukuphuhlisa izakhono ngezifundo ezilula kunye nokuqiniswa okuhle xa umntwana esenza into entle.
- Uqeqesho Lokuphendula Okubalulekileyo (i-PRT): Injongo yoku kukukhuthaza umntwana ukuba afunde aze anxibelelane nabanye.
- Ukungenelela kokuziphatha kwasekuqaleni kwe- TENS (EIBI): Le yeyona ndlela isebenzayo kubantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
- Ungenelelo Lokuziphatha Ngentetho (VBI): Oku kugxile kakhulu ekuphuhliseni ulwimi lomntwana kunye nezakhono zakhe zokuthetha.
| Indlela yonyango | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ixesha lomgangatho (ifomathi ye-DIR) | Kule meko, abazali bahlala phantsi nomntwana wabo baze badlale ngemidlalo abayithandayo. Injongo kukungena kwihlabathi lomntwana baze badlale naye, bephuhlisa iimvakalelo zakhe kunye nezakhono zonxibelelwano. |
| Indlela ye-TEACCH | Le yindlela esekelwe kwimiqondiso ebonakalayo. Umzekelo, amakhadi emifanekiso asetyenziselwa ukufundisa imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla inyathelo ngenyathelo, efana nendlela yokunxiba ilokhwe. |
| I-PECS (Inkqubo yoNxibelelwano loTshintshiselwano lweMifanekiso) | Le yindlela yokubona. Kodwa apha, endaweni yemifanekiso, kusetyenziswa iimpawu ezikhethekileyo. Ngale miqondiso, umntwana ufunda ukubuza imibuzo nokucela into ayifunayo. |
| Unyango Lomsebenzi | Olu nyango lufundisa umntwana izakhono zobomi ezinje ngokutya, ukunxiba, kunye nokuhlamba eyedwa. Injongo kukunceda umntwana aphile ngokuzimela kangangoko kunokwenzeka. |
| Unyango lokudibanisa iimvakalelo | Abanye abantwana abazithandi izibane ezikhanyayo, izandi ezithile, okanye ukuchukunyiswa, kwaye bayaxhalaba. Olu nyango lubanceda ukuba bamelane kwaye banyamezele olo lwazi lweemvakalelo. |
Inkxaso evela kumayeza
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba akukho nyango lwe-autism, kwaye akukho nyango luthile lwe-autism.
Kutheni ke ngoko oogqirha benika amayeza? Amayeza asetyenziselwa ukunyanga ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho kwi-autism. Umzekelo, umsindo ogqithisileyo kunye nokuziphatha okurhabaxa okwenziwa ngabanye abantwana, ukungalali, njl.Amayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimeko ezinje ngokuphazamiseka kokungakwazi ukunikel’ ingqalelo, ukuxhuzula, okanye ukudakumba.
Uphando lubonise ukuba iziphumo ziphumelela ngakumbi xa amayeza enikwa kunye nonyango lokuziphatha olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
Okwangoku, i-FDA eMelika ivumile iintlobo ezimbini kuphela zamayeza kubantwana abane-autism.
1. I-Risperidone (i-Risperdal): Le imiselwe ukunciphisa umsindo ogqithisileyo kunye nobundlobongela kubantwana abaneminyaka ephakathi kwemi-5 neli-16 ubudala.
2. I-Aripiprazole (Abilify): Eli yeza linokunikwa abantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-17 ubudala.
Ukongeza kwezi, ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokunika amanye amayeza (umz. ii-SSRI, amayeza okulwa nokuxhalaba), kodwa awavunyelwanga ngokukodwa kwi-autism.
Ngoko ke, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ngugqirha wakho kuphela omele agqibe ukuba umntwana wakho uyawadinga amayeza, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, yintoni omawumnike yona. Ungaze unike umntwana wakho amayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
Masiqaphele Nesondlo
Iingcali azikacebisi ukutya okuthile kubantwana abane-autism, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umntwana afumane ukutya okunempilo.
Abanye abazali bazama ukususa iimveliso zengqolowa ezinegluten kunye neemveliso zobisi ezine-casein kwizidlo zabantwana babo ukuze babone ukuba iimpawu ziyaphucuka na. Nangona kunjalo, akukho phando lwenzululwazi luye lwabonisa ukuba ukususa ezi zinto zokutya kubonelela ngophuculo olucacileyo kwiimpawu ze-autism.
Enyanisweni, ukukhawulela izinto ezifana nobisi kunokunciphisa umntwana izondlo ezifunekayo ekukhuleni kwamathambo kwaye kwenze amathambo akhe abe buthathaka. Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantwana abane-autism badla ngokuba namathambo amancinci kancinci kunabantwana abaqhelekileyo, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukubanika ukutya okutyebileyo kwi-calcium, okuqinisa amathambo.
Kungoko ke, kungcono ukubonisana nengcali yesondlo okanye ingcali yokutya ukuze wenze isicwangciso sokutya esinempilo esifanela iimfuno zomntwana wakho. Emva koko unokuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ufumana zonke izondlo azidingayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisosifo, kodwa yimeko enokulawulwa ngonyango. Ungakhathazeki, zininzi iindlela zokunceda umntwana wakho.
- Wonke umntwana wahlukile, ngoko ke isicwangciso sonyango siya kwahluka kumntwana ngamnye. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ukhethe eyona ilungele umntwana wakho.
- Iindlela zonyango zokuziphatha nezonxibelelwano zezona ziphambili zonyango. Ezi zibonelela ngenkxaso enkulu ekuphuhliseni izakhono zomntwana.
- Akukho nyango luthile lwe-autism. Amayeza anikwa kuphela ukulawula ezinye iimpawu ezinxulumene noko (ezifana nomsindo, ukungalali). Musa ukunika naluphi na unyango ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.
- Musa ukuzama ukutya okungaqinisekiswanga (njengokutya okungenagluten). Thetha nogqirha wakho okanye ingcali yesondlo malunga nokutya okunesondlo.
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