Ngaba unomhlaza we-urethra? Masifunde ngawo.

Ngaba nawe uziva ungaqhelekanga okanye ubuhlungu xa uchama ? Okanye ngaba ukhe waphawula igazi kumchamo wakho? Ezi zinto ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza kwindlela yomchamo. Ungakhathazeki, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana oku, kodwa kubalulekile ukukwazi oku. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Urethral Cancer .

Yintoni umhlaza we-Urethral?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza we-urethra kuxa iiseli ezinobungozi zikhula kwizicubu ze-urethra yakho (urethra). Uyazi ukuba yintoni i-urethra ? Yityhubhu ethwala umchamo ukusuka kwisinyi sakho ukuya ngaphandle komzimba wakho.

Khawuthelekelele, kwindoda, i-urethra idla ngokuba malunga ne-intshi ezi-8 ubude. Iphuma emzimbeni nge -prostate gland kunye ne-penis . Umchamo awudluli nje kuphela apha, kodwa ne-sperm kunye ne-sperm (ejaculate) nazo ziphuma ngale ndlela inye.

Kumfazi, i-urethra imalunga ne-intshi ezi-2 ubude. Ifumaneka ngaphezulu nje kwelungu lobufazi, ngaphakathi nje kwelebhiya.

Umhlaza ungakhula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezingaphakathi kwe-urethra. Sidla ngokuzibiza ngokuba “ngumhlaza we-Urethral.” Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili:

• I-Transitional (urothelial) cell carcinoma: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Lukhula kwinxalenye yomchamo ekufutshane nesinyi. Enyanisweni luhlobo lomhlaza olufana nomhlaza wesinyi.
• I-Squamous cell carcinoma: Olu hlobo ludla ngokukhula kwi-urethra (kufutshane nencam yepenis) kumadoda nakwi-vagina kubafazi. Lolu hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo.
• I-Adenocarcinoma: Olu hlobo lomhlaza lukhula kumadlala akufutshane ne-urethra. Luxhaphake kakhulu kwiingxowa ezincinci kwi-urethra, ezifana ne-urethral diverticulum.

Ngaba lo mhlaza ungabulala?

Ewe, kwezinye iimeko, umhlaza we-urethra unokubulala.Ukuba lo mhlaza ukhula uze usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba, kunokuba nzima ukuwunyanga kwaye unokuba yingozi ebomini. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuqaphela iimpawu kunye nokufuna unyango kwangethuba.

Lingakanani izinga lokusinda kwam ukuba ndinomhlaza we-urethra?

Le yingongoma ebucayi ekuthethwa ngayo. Ekubeni umhlaza womchamo ungaqhelekanga , kunzima ukuchaza izinga lokusinda elicacileyo kuwo. Ngokwezifundo zakutshanje, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokusinda komntu onomhlaza limalunga neminyaka emine. Izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu emva kokufunyaniswa limalunga ne-46%, kwaye izinga lokusinda kweminyaka elishumi limalunga ne-31%.

Kodwa ezi zinto zingahluka kumntu nomntu. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela amathuba akho okuchacha:

• Impilo yakho iyonke.
• Ubungakanani bethumba.
• Inqanaba lomhlaza.
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba ungoyiki, kodwa uthethe nogqirha wakho kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko yakho.

Ngubani ofumana umhlaza we-urethra?

Nabani na unokuba nalo mhlaza, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu :

• Abantu abaneminyaka engama-60 nangaphezulu.
• Abantu abamnyama (oku kusekelwe kwizifundo zakwamanye amazwe, imeko eSri Lanka inokwahluka).
• Amadoda. (Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okuphuhlisa oku kunabafazi.)
• Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza wesinyi ngaphambili.
• Abantu abaneemeko ezibangela ukudumba kwe-urethra, ezifana nosulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo (ii-UTI) okanye izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI).
• Abantu abosulelwe yiHuman Papillomavirus (HPV).

Ixhaphake kangakanani le mhlaza?

Umhlaza womchamo luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga. Kwanase-United States, zi-1,615 kuphela iimeko zalo mhlaza eziye zaxelwa ukususela ngo-1973 ukuya ku-2002. Olu hlobo lomhlaza lubangela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yazo zonke izifo ezifunyaniswe zinomhlaza.

Lo mhlaza udla ngokuvela xa uneminyaka emingaphi?

Lo mhlaza udla ngokubonakala emva kweminyaka engama-60. Nangona kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuba abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engaphantsi kwelo xesha bawufumane.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-urethra?

Amaxesha amaninzi, akukho zimpawu kwisigaba sokuqala salo mhlaza. Le yenye yezona zinto ziyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu ziyavela, zihlala zifana nezi:

• Igazi kumchamo (hematuria). Olu lolona phawu luphambili noluqhelekileyo.
• Ukuhamba komchamo kancinci okanye kuyeke.
• Ukuziva intlungu xa uchama.
• Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo kunesiqhelo.
• Ukuziva iqhubu okanye ukuxinana kwindawo ephakathi kwepenis kunye ne-rectum (perineum).
• Ulwelo olucacileyo, olumhlophe, okanye olungenambala oluphuma kwi-urethra (ukukhupha umchamo).
• Ukudumba kwe-lymph nodes kwindawo ye-groin.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, nceda ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ezi azisoloko ziyimpawu zomhlaza, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza we-urethra?

Oogqirha nabaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela lo mhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba unxulumene nokudumba okuhlala ixesha elide kunye nosulelo lwe-urethra. Ezi meko zilandelayo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza:

• Izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (iiSTI).
• I-Human papillomavirus `(HPV)`.
• Ukutshaya.
• Ukuqina komchamo.
• Ukukhula okunenyama kwi-urethra (i-Urethral caruncle).
• Ukwakheka kweendawo ezifana nengxowa ye-urethra (i-Urethral diverticulum).
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter ngaphakathi sisenzo sokushiya ii-catheter endaweni yazo ixesha elide.

Lo mhlaza uqala ukusasazeka phi?

Umhlaza we-urethral udla ngokusasazeka kuqala uye kwizicubu ezijikeleze i-urethra. Emva koko ungasasazeka uye kwi-lymph nodes kwindawo ye-groin. Ngenxa yoko, ngamanye amaxesha unokubona ukudumba emilenzeni yakho.

Ufunyaniswa Njani Umhlaza We-Urethral? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba uneempawu zomhlaza womchamo, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala akunike uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba. Baza kukubuza nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho owakha waba nomhlaza wesinyi okanye womchamo.

Ukongeza, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa lo mhlaza. Olu lulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwe-pelvic: (Kwabasetyhini) Ugqirha uza kuhlola isibeleko sakho, umlomo wesibeleko, ibhinqa, iityhubhu ze-fallopian, ama-ovari, isinyi, kunye ne-rectum ukujonga iithumba okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Basenokuthatha neesampuli zeeseli ukuze bazijonge phantsi kwe-microscope.
• Uvavanyo lwedijithali lwerectal:Ugqirha uza kukuhlola i-rectum kunye ne-anus yakho ukuze afumane naziphi na iingxaki. Ukuba uyindoda, baza kukuhlola ne-prostate gland yakho.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Kuthathwa igazi elincinci kumthambo osengalweni yakho ukuze kuhlolwe izinto ezahlukeneyo , ezinje ngokusebenza kwezintso kunye namanqanaba eeseli zegazi.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo: Uchamela kwikomityi ekhethekileyo, ethunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe. Olu vavanyo lujonga izinto ezifana nombala womchamo wakho, iswekile, iiproteni, kunye namanqanaba eeseli zegazi.
• I-cytology yomchamo: Kuthathwa isampulu yomchamo wakho ukuze kuhlolwe iiseli zomhlaza kulwelo lwesinyi kunye nenxalenye ye-urethra ekufutshane nesinyi.
• I-Cystoscopy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo, nefakwe ikhamera (i-cystoscope) nge-urethra yakho nakwisinyi sakho. Ingajonga ngaphakathi kwi-urethra yakho nakwisinyi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isampuli yethishu ingathathwa ize ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
• I-Ureteroscopy: Oku kuquka ukufaka ityhubhu encinci, ekhanyisiweyo, neneelensi (ureteroscope) nge-urethra ukuze kuhlolwe izintso kunye nee-ureters (iityhubhu ezimbini ezinde, ezincinci ezithwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi). Iisampuli zezicubu nazo zingathathwa apha.
• I-CT scan: Oku kuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zomngxuma wakho wesinqe kunye nesisu, kudala umfanekiso onemilinganiselo emithathu (3D) wezicubu ezikuloo ndawo.
• I-Biopsy: Olu luvavanyo olusetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaza ukhona na. Ugqirha uthatha isampuli yeeseli okanye izicubu kwi-urethra, kwisinyi, okanye kwi-prostate aze ayithumele kwilebhu ukuze ahlole iiseli zomhlaza.

Umhlaza we-Urethral unyangwa njani ?

Indlela yonyango imiselwa zizinto ezininzi:

• Indawo echaphazelekayo ye-urethra.
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba .
• Isini sakho sebhayoloji (indoda okanye ibhinqa)
• Impilo yakho ngokubanzi.
• Ingaba lo mhlaza umtsha okanye ubuye wavela kwakhona ?

Iindlela eziphambili zonyango ezisetyenziswayo zezi:

• Utyando:Ingcali yotyando lomchamo (ugqirha ogxile kwizifo zenkqubo yomchamo) yenza olu tyando. Nguye osusa ithumba. Ngamanye amaxesha isinyi, i-urethra, i-prostate, ii-lymph nodes, i-vagina, okanye kwanepenis kunokufuneka kususwe. Utyando lolona nyango luqhelekileyo lomhlaza we-urethra.
• Unyango ngemitha: Ingcali yomhlaza wemitha, ugqirha ochwephesha ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni umhlaza, usebenzisa imitha ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Ingcali yomhlaza isebenzisa amayeza akhethekileyo okulwa nomhlaza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza nokuzithintela ukuba zingaphindaphindani.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha wakho unokucebisa isicwangciso sonyango esidibanisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango. Thetha naye malunga nonyango olulungele wena.

Ungayilawula njani imiphumo emibi yonyango?

Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo emibi yonyango lwakho. Usenokucebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo (yitya iziqhamo nemifuno emininzi emitsha).
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo.
• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.

Kodwa khumbula, kufuneka uthethe nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba wenze naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo okanye kwindlela ophila ngayo.

Ndiza kuziva bhetele nini emva konyango?

Unyango lomhlaza womchamo luyahluka, kwaye umzimba wakho wahlukile. Ngoko ke impendulo yakho kunyango isenokuhluka kweyabanye. Iqela lakho lezonyango linokuchaza into omawuyilindele njengoko uphila.

Yintoni endimele ndiyilindele ukuba ndinomhlaza we-urethra?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva ulusizi, unomsindo, udandathekile, kwaye usoyika xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza womchamo. Ezi mvakalelo zinokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza njengoko usamkela ukuxilongwa kwakho kwaye uqala unyango. Ugqirha wakho unokukunceda ufumane amaqela enkxaso kubantu abanolu hlobo lomhlaza. Oku kunokukunceda uzive ungedwa. Banokukunika nesikhokelo malunga nento omawuyilindele njengoko uphonononga iindlela zonyango.

Ngaba umhlaza we-Urethral unganyangeka?

Oku kunokuphendulwa ngokuthi ewe okanye hayi. "Unyango" luthetha ukuba awusenawo umhlaza we-urethra, akukho nyango lufunekayo, kwaye oogqirha abacingi ukuba luza kubuya. Nangona kunjalo, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba oogqirha baqiniseke ukuba umhlaza we-urethra awuyi kubuya. Uya kufuna uvavanyo oluqhubekayo lwezonyango kunye nonyango olulandelayo ukuze ubone ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na.

Emva konyango oluphumeleleyo, oogqirha kuya kufuneka benze iimvavanyo ezifana ne-CT scan okanye i-MRI imaging kunye ne-cystoscopy ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunazo iimpawu zomhlaza we-urethra. Okukhona uhlala ixesha elide ungenawo umhlaza, kokukhona umngcipheko wakho wokubuya komhlaza uyancipha.

Ungawuthintela njani umhlaza we-urethra?

Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza we-urethral ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga, oogqirha nabaphandi basafunda ngeendlela ezilungileyo zokuwuthintela. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zinto zinokukunceda:

• Ziqhelise ukwabelana ngesondo ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukusebenzisa iikhondom kunceda ekuthinteleni izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI).
• Gcina ucoceko lomntu. Kubalulekile ukuba abafazi bazisule ukusuka ngaphambili ukuya ngasemva emva kokuchama okanye ukukhupha indle ukuze bathintele usulelo lomchamo (UTIs). Ngexesha lokuya exesheni, kubalulekile ukutshintsha ii-pad kunye nee-tampons rhoqo. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukuhlamba indawo ejikeleze i-vagina kunye ne-rectum rhoqo ngamanzi acocekileyo, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, isepha ethambileyo, engenavumba.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya nezinye iimveliso zecuba. Bona ugqirha ukuba ufuna uncedo lokuyeka ukutshaya.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu zomhlaza womchamo, njengokutshintsha kwendlela yokuchama, ukuphuma kwamanzi kwi-urethra, igazi kumchamo, okanye iqhuma kwipenis okanye kwi-perineum, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ngelixa unyangwa umhlaza we-urethra, xelela ugqirha wakho ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Umkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwe-101 Fahrenheit (38 Celsius).
• Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukugodola kukuziva ubanda emzimbeni.
• Ukukhohlela okungapheliyo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukwehla kobunzima ngequbuliso okungaphezulu kweekhilogram ezintlanu.
• Ukuhlanza kakhulu.

Yeyiphi imibuzo endifanele ndiyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ubona ugqirha, ungambuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Uyazi njani ukuba ndinomhlaza we-urethra?
• Ingaba lo mhlaza usasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba wam?
• Angakanani amathuba am okusinda?
• Loluphi unyango olucebisayo?
• Zithini iingozi kunye neenzuzo zonyango olucebisayo?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezifanelekileyo kum?
• Ngaba ungacebisa amaqela enkxaso?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Umhlaza womchamo luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga oluchaphazela umchamo wakho. Usenokuba neemvakalelo ezahlukeneyo malunga noku kuchongwa, kwaye oko kuqhelekile. Thetha ngokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho malunga neemvakalelo zakho. Bangaphendula imibuzo yakho baze basebenzisane nawe ukwenza isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo kuwe.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungazeyi naziphi na iimpawu kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza. Okukhona uxilongwa kwangoko, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba unyango luphumelele. Ungakhathazeki, awuwedwa.

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