Ngaba kunzima kumntwana wakho okanye ilungu losapho ukuxelela iingcinga neemvakalelo zakhe? Ngaba ukhathazekile ngumntu one-autism enzima okanye omnye umqobo wokuthetha? Ukuba kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe weva ngendlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-"facilitated communication " ekuthiwa inceda aba bantu. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"supported typing." Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngento eyiyo le ndlela, nokuba iluncedo okanye iyingozi.
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Yintoni "uNxibelelwano oluFacilitated" (FC)?
Ngamafutshane, iFacilitated Communication (FC) yinkqubo yokunceda umntu ongakwaziyo ukuthetha, ngenkxaso yomzimba neyengqondo yomnye umntu (umncedisi), ukuba aveze izimvo zakhe esebenzisa isixhobo. Esi sixhobo sinokuba yikhibhodi yekhompyutha, iselfowuni, okanye ibhodi eprintiweyo.
Le ndlela yaqala ukuphuhliswa eOstreliya naseDenmark ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Ngelo xesha, yaziswa ukunceda abantu abane-cerebral palsy. Kamva, eOstreliya, le ndlela yasetyenziswa nakubantu abane-autism.
"Umququzeleli" ubaluleke kakhulu kule ndlela. Nguye onika umntu ukhuthazo lwengqondo kunye nenkxaso encinci yomzimba. Xa enika le nkxaso, kuthiwa umququzeleli unika ingqalelo kwizinto ezifana nesimo sakhe sengqondo kunye nokujonga emehlweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, umququzeleli akaniki nkxaso ingako, njengokutyhala isandla kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukuba kufuneka inkxaso engaphezulu, umququzeleli uya kubamba isandla okanye ingqiniba yomntu aze amncede achwetheze kwikhibhodi.
Zithini iingenelo kunye neengxaki zoku?
Ekuqaleni, le ndlela ingabonakala ineenzuzo ezininzi. Ngokukodwa, abo baxhasa le ndlela bathi eyona nzuzo iphambili kukuba inika umntu ongakwaziyo ukuthetha ithuba lokuziveza. Nangona kunjalo, kukho impikiswano eninzi ejikeleze le ndlela. Xa kuthelekiswa nobungqina besayensi, iingxaki kunye neengozi zale ndlela zinkulu kakhulu kuneenzuzo ezityholwayo.
Masijonge le theyibhile ukuze siziqonde kakuhle ezi zinto.
| Iingenelo ezichaziweyo | Iingxaki Ezinkulu kunye Neengozi Zokwenyani |
|---|---|
| Abo bangakwaziyo ukuthetha bafumana ithuba lokuveza izimvo zabo. | Akukho bungqina besayensi: Akukho bungqina bunokuthenjwa obubonisa ukuba ubuchule bokunxibelelana ngokuzimeleyo buyaphucuka ngale ndlela. |
| Ukwazi ukubhala izivakalisi ezipheleleyo nezinentsingiselo. | Impembelelo yomncedisi: Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba umyalezo ochwetheziweyo awuveli kwisigulana, kodwa uvela kumncedisi . Umncedisi unokuchwetheza nento esengqondweni yakhe ngaphandle kokuyiqonda. |
| Uza kukwazi ukuphendula imibuzo malunga neemfuno zakho. | Ukulahlekelwa kukuzimela: Nokuba umntu unokuziphuhlisa kancinci kancinci izakhono zakhe zonxibelelwano, le ndlela inokumenza angasebenzi kwaye axhomekeke kwabanye. |
| Inceda ekuphuhliseni izakhono ezintle zezandla. | Ukwaphulwa kobumfihlo: Intando yesigulana, ubumfihlo, kunye nokuziveza kwayo zinokuphazamiseka ngale ndlela, njengoko izimvo zomnye umntu zibonakaliswa egameni lakhe. |
| Unganxibelelana nabanye. | Isigqibo esingalunganga: Xa umncedisi ebhala izivakalisi ezinzima ngokungazi, usenokucinga ngempazamo ukuba izakhono zesigulana ziphucukile aze azithumele kwiindlela zemfundo ezingabafanelanga. |
Inyani yesayensi: Ngaba oku kuyasebenza ngokwenene?
Impendulo emfutshane yalo mbuzo ithi "hayi." Unxibelelwano oluFacilitated luthathwa njengendlela engavumelekanga ephantse yaliwa ngokupheleleyo luluntu lwezenzululwazi.
Uninzi lwemibutho yezempilo ephambili kwihlabathi, amaziko emfundo, kunye namaqela axhasa i-autism awayixhasi le ndlela. Umzekelo, imibutho eyaziwayo efana ne-American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) kunye ne-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) icebise ngokucacileyo ukuba le ndlela ingasetyenziswa.
Kwizifundo ezilawulwayo ezenziwe ziingcali, kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba abanye abantu abasebenzisa indlela ye-FC abayijongi nekhibhodi xa besithi bayachwetheza. Oku kwandisa ngakumbi ukurhanelwa kokuba umncedisi ulawula umyalezo.
Khawucinge nje ukuba umntu obambe isandla somntwana wakho, ngaphandle kokuba umntwana azi, ebenokubhala into esengqondweni yakhe? Ibingayi kuba yimvakalelo yomntwana. Le yeyona ngxaki inkulu neyingozi kakhulu kule nkqubo.
Ngaba zikho ezinye iindlela?
Ewe, zikho. Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziqinisekisiweyo ngokwesayensi neziphumeleleyo zonxibelelwano olungezinye kunye nolongezelelo (AAC) ukunceda abantu abane-autism kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuthetha. Ezi ziquka iindlela ezifana ne-Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS), ii-apps ezikhethekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zobuchwepheshe. Unxibelelwano oluFacilitated alukho phakathi kwezi ndlela ziqinisekisiweyo. Ke ngoko, musa ukubhidanisa ezi ndlela zimbini.
Ngoko ke simele senze ntoni?
Ukuba umntu omthandayo uneengxaki zokunxibelelana, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukufuna icebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo okanye kugqirha onolwazi lolwimi lokuthetha, endaweni yokusebenzisa ezi ndlela ziphikisanayo nezingenabungqina.
Baza kuyivavanya ngokuchanekileyo imeko yomntwana wakho okanye yelungu losapho lwakho baze bacebise indlela efanelekileyo, eyamkelekileyo ngokwesayensi, nekhuselekileyo yonxibelelwano kubo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, uva amabali anje ngokuthi "Oku kwenze umntwana wethu wathetha." Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga inyaniso yesayensi engasemva kwazo zonke ezo bali. Kuba isigqibo esingalunganga esisenzayo ngenxa yokungazi sinokubangela ingozi enkulu kubomi babantu esibathandayo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Indlela yoNxibelelwano oluFacilitated Communication (FC) ayisebenzi ngokwesayensi, yaye ayivumelekanga. Uninzi lwemibutho emikhulu yezempilo emhlabeni ayicebisi ngayo.
- Kukho ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuba imiyalezo ebhalwe ngale ndlela idla ngokuvela kumncedisi, kungekhona kwisigulana.Oku kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba umncedisi azi.
- Inkqubo ye-FC inokonakalisa ukuzimela komntu, ubumfihlo bakhe, kunye nelungelo lakhe lokuveza izimvo zakhe zokwenyani.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho okanye ilungu losapho lwakho linengxaki yokunxibelelana , soloko ucela ingcebiso kugqirha wakho okanye kwingcali yokuthetha efanelekileyo. Baza kucebisa ngeendlela eziqinisekisiweyo ngokwesayensi nezikhuselekileyo.
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