Ukuba ulindele umntwana, okanye ungumama onothando osele ekhulelwe, siyazi ukuba eyona minqweno mikhulu entliziyweni yakho kukuzisa umntwana osempilweni nosempilweni kweli hlabathi. Sixhalabile ngezinto ezininzi kolu hambo. Phakathi kwazo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe weva igama elithi "teratogen". Nangona eli lisenokubonakala liloyikisa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wena nomntwana wakho ongekazalwa nifumane ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngale nto. Ngoko masithethe ngale nto namhlanje.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-teratogen?
Ngamafutshane, i-teratogen yiyo nayiphi na into yangaphandle engena emzimbeni kamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye inokonakalisa uphuhliso lomntwana osakhulayo. Ezi zinto zonyusa umngcipheko wokuzalwa neziphene. Enyanisweni, ukuchatshazelwa kwezi teratogens kunoxanduva oluphakathi kwe-4% kunye ne-5% yazo zonke iziphene zokuzalwa.
Ngokwesiqhelo, malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-14 emva kokukhulelwa, umama nomntwana badibana nge-placenta, unikezelo lwegazi. Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili, nantoni na oyibonayo njengomama, nokuba ngamayeza owaselayo, ukutya okutyayo, umoya owuphefumlayo, njl.njl., inokudluliselwa kumntwana. Ngoko ke, ezi zinto ziyingozi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-teratogens ziqala ukuchaphazela umntwana ngelo xesha.
Zeziphi izinto ezinokwenzakalisa umntwana nezingenakwenzakalisa?
Ngexesha lokukhulelwa , sicinga kabini ngayo yonke into. "Akulunganga oku kumntwana?", "Kulungile na ukusela elo yeza?" Mhlawumbi unemibuzo efana nale. Ayizizo zonke iikhemikhali, ayizizo zonke amayeza ayingozi kumntwana. Kodwa ezinye izinto zinokuba yingozi kakhulu. Ngaba masizijonge ezi kwitafile? Emva koko kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuziqonda.
| IiTeratogens ezinokubakho | Izinto ezithathwa njengezingenabungozi (ezingenabungozi emzimbeni) |
|---|---|
| Iintlobo ezithile zamayeza: Amayeza athathwa ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha. | I-Acetaminophen: Sela amayeza afana ne-paracetamol okukhusela umkhuhlane kunye neentlungu (kwidosi emiselweyo). |
| Utywala: Naluphi na uhlobo lotywala. | Iivithamini zokukhulelwa ezichazwe ngugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuzalwa: Iivithamini eziqulethe i-folic acid. |
| Icuba: Ukutshaya okanye ukuchanabeka kumsi wecuba. | Izibulali-zidoda: Iikhrimu zokulawula ukukhulelwa, iijeli, iikhondom, njl. |
| Iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni (Iziyobisi zokuzonwabisa). | Ii-Oven zeMicrowave: Ezi zikhupha imitha engasebenzisi i-ionizing. |
| Ezinye izifo: umzekelo, i-rubella, i-syphilis. | |
| Ezinye iikhemikhali: izibulali-zinambuzane, izinyibilikisi zemizi-mveliso, njl. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho rhoqo ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naluphi na unyango ukuba ukhulelwe okanye uceba ukukhulelwa.
Ezi zinto zimchaphazela njani umntwana?
Ezi zinto ziyingozi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-teratogens zinokufumaneka naphi na, emakhayeni ethu nakwiindawo zokusebenza. Amalungu omntwana akhula kwangethuba ekukhulelweni, ingakumbi kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala. Ngoko ke ukuchatshazelwa zezi zinto kuyingozi kakhulu ngeli xesha.
Izinto ezibonakalayo
Ezinye izinto zomzimba, ezinje ngokuchatshazelwa kubushushu obuphezulu (i-hyperthermia), zinokubangela iziphene zemithambo-luvo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentliziyo kumntwana. Kwakhona, ukuba umama uba nomkhuhlane ophezulu ngexesha lokukhulelwa, oku kunokuchaphazela nomntwana.
Iiarhente zeekhemikhali
Utywala kunye nokutshayaEzi zezona zizathu zimbini ziphambili esinokuzithintela. Ngamanye amaxesha, nangaphambi kokuba wazi ukuba ukhulelwe, oko kukuthi, kwiiveki ezi-3-8 zokuqala, ukuba usela utywala, bunokuchaphazela umntwana. Iqela leziphene zokuzalwa ezibangelwa butywala libizwa ngokuba yi-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome . Oku kunokuchaphazela nokukhula kwengqondo yomntwana.
Iiarhente zosulelo
Iintsholongwane ezifana ne-rubella, i-syphilis, kunye ne-herpes nazo zinokubangela iziphene zokuzalwa komntwana. Ezi ntsholongwane zinokudluliselwa kumama ngokusela amanzi angcolileyo, ukutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle, okanye ukuchukumisa ilindle lekati elinesifo (i-Toxoplasmosis).
Iimeko zoomama
Ezinye izifo zomama okhulelweyo nazo zinokuchaphazela usana. Umzekelo, ukuba umama unesifo seswekile , umngcipheko wokuzalwa uneziphene unganda ukusuka kwi-4% ukuya kwi-10%. Isifo seswekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa ( isifo seswekile sokukhulelwa ) sinokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu eswekile egazini kumama, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki engqondweni yomntwana nakwithambo lomqolo. Izifo ze-thyroid kunye nokungondleki kakuhle nazo zinokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana.
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela iziphene zokuzalwa?
Nangona kungengazo zonke iziphene zokuzalwa ezinokuthintelwa, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Ukhathalelo ngaphambi kokukhulelwa: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusela i-vitamin equlethe ubuncinane iimiligram ezingama-400 ze-folic acid yonke imihla ukususela ngexesha oceba ukukhulelwa ngalo. Oku kunokuthintela iingxaki ezininzi kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomntwana. Cela ingcebiso kugqirha wakho ngale nto.
- Ziphephe izinto ezinobungozi: Wakuba nje ufumanise ukuba ukhulelwe, yeka ngokupheleleyo ukusebenzisa utywala, icuba, nezinye iziyobisi . Ezi zinto azinakubangela kuphela iziphene zokuzalwa, kodwa nezinye iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Nyamekela impilo yakho: Xelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na izifo okanye usulelo onalo ngoku okanye kwixesha elidlulileyo. Ukuba uneemeko ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kubalulekile ukuzilawula ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Ukuba ubunesiphene sokuzalwa kukukhulelwa kwangaphambili, fumana unobangela kwaye usebenzisane nogqirha wakho ukwenza isicwangciso ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe kwakhona.
- Fumana uvavanyo olufanelekileyo: Ukufumana ii-ultrasound scans rhoqo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho kunokukunceda uqonde impilo yomntwana.
Ngaba kukho unyango lweziphene zokuzalwa?
Ewe, ezinye iziphene zokuzalwa zinokunyangwa ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni.Inganyangeka okanye umonakalo ungancitshiswa. Olu luphuculo olukhulu ngokwenene kwisayensi yezonyango. Ngokwenza olu nyango ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, lunokunciphisa umonakalo kwizitho ezibalulekileyo zomzimba.
- I-Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Le yimeko apho umngxuma kwi-diaphragm yomntwana ubangela ukuba amalungu esisu aphume esifubeni, nto leyo ethintela uphuhliso lwemiphunga. Le meko ngoku inokunyangeka ngotyando olubizwa ngokuba yi -Fetoscopic Endotracheal Occlusion .
- Ukuvaleka Kwendlela Yomchamo Esezantsi: Kule meko, indlela yomchamo yomntwana iyavalwa, nto leyo ethintela umchamo ukuba ungaphumi emzimbeni. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade kwizintso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuvaleka kususiwe ngaphambi kokuba umntwana azalwe, izintso zinokusindiswa.
Ukongeza koku, ukuba ukubetha kwentliziyo yomntwana akuhambelani kakuhle, umntwana unokunyangelwa nangamayeza anikwa umama.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-teratogen yiyo nayiphi na into engaphandle enokulimaza umntwana osesibelekweni ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Utywala, icuba, amayeza kagqirha, kunye nezinye izifo zezona zinto ziphambili ezibangela i-teratogens.
- Ukusela i-folic acid ukususela ngexesha oceba ukukhulelwa ngalo kunokuthintela iingxaki ezininzi zokuzalwa.
- Ukuba ukhulelwe, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza okanye ivithamini.
- Thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neemeko zakho zempilo kwaye ucebe ukukhulelwa okunempilo.
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