Ingabe amangqamuzana akho amhlophe egazi aphansi ngendlela eyingozi? Ingabe lokho kuyi-agranulocytosis? Ake sixoxe ngakho!

Uyagula ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe uzizwa ubuthakathaka futhi ukhathele ngisho nangesikhashana? Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kungabangelwa ukwehla okuyingozi kokuzivikela komzimba wakho, okungukuthi ama-neutrophils, uhlobo lweseli elimhlophe legazi. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo esibi kodwa esingelapheka esibizwa ngokuthi i-agranulocytosis . Ungakhathazeki, kubalulekile ukuqaphela lokhu.

Kuyini ngempela i-agranulocytosis?

Kalula nje, i-Agranulocytosis yisimo esisongela ukuphila lapho inani lamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils emzimbeni wethu lehla liye ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu. Ubuwazi ukuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi afana namasosha ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba? Yiwo asivikela kumagciwane abangela izifo. Lapho inani lala ma-neutrophils lehla, umzimba wethu uba sengozini enkulu yamagciwane. Ngisho namagciwane angavamile ukusilimaza kakhulu angasenza sigule. Cabanga nje, uma iyunithi yamandla akhethekile ebuthweni lezwe lethu inyamalala ngokuzumayo, ingabe ngisho nesitha esincane ngeke sibe yinkinga enkulu? Lokhu kuyafana. Igama elithi "agranulocytosis" livela egameni elithi granulocytes . Ama-granulocytes nawo awuhlobo lwamaseli amhlophe egazi. Aqukethe ama-enzyme abhubhisa amagciwane. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-granulocytes: Ama-Neutrophils , ama-Eosinophils, nama -Basophils . Ama-Neutrophils angamaseli amhlophe egazi amaningi kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Yingakho odokotela behlola amazinga e-neutrophil ukuze bathole i-agranulocytosis. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi i-granulocytopenia .

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Neutropenia ne-Agranulocytosis?

Kokubili kuhlotshaniswa nokwehla kwama-neutrophils. Kodwa-ke, i-agranulocytosis iwuhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe -neutropenia .

• I-Neutropenia yisimo lapho inani lama-neutrophil egazini liphansi kunejwayelekile. Abantu abanama-neutrophil angaphansi kuka-1,500 nge-microliter (mL) yegazi kuthiwa bane-neutropenia.
• I-Agranulocytosis yisigaba sokugcina nesiyingozi kakhulu, lapho inani lama-neutrophil lehla ngaphansi kuka-100 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi. Uyaqonda? Lolu uhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-neutropenia.

Ingabe zikhona izinhlobo ze-agranulocytosis?

Yebo, lokhu kungafika ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: 1. I-agranulocytosis ezuzwe njengefa:Lokhu kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwezakhi zofuzo. Okusho ukuthi, kunenkinga ngezakhi zofuzo ezisiza umzimba wethu ukuthi wenze ama-neutrophil. Lesi simo sithinta kakhulu izingane nezingane ezincane. 2. I-agranulocytosis etholakale: Lokhu kungaba nezimbangela eziningi. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi (cishe u-70% wesikhathi!) kubangelwa umphumela omubi wemithi ethile esiyithathayo. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu kubantu abadala.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Empeleni lesi yisimo esingavamile kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, cishe abantu abayisikhombisa kwabayikhulu ezinkulungwaneni baba nalesi simo minyaka yonke. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokungadingekile, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Agranulocytosis?

Kulesi simo, izimpawu eziyinhloko zihlobene nokutheleleka. Lezi zingaqala ngokuzumayo, noma zinganda kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Bona ukuthi lezi zimpawu zizwakala zijwayelekile yini kuwe:

• Ukuthola umkhuhlane, ukuzizwa ubanda futhi uqhaqhazela.
• Ukwanda kwesilinganiso senhliziyo kanye nesilinganiso sokuphefumula.
• Ukuzizwa ungenampilo nokukhathala okukhulu.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu (i-pharyngitis), ukwehla kwesisindo samazinyo, ukopha kwezinsini.
• Izilonda emlonyeni nasemphinjeni, okwenza kube nzima ukugwinya ukudla nokuphuza.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi ngokuzumayo (ukwehla komfutho wegazi), isiyezi, ukuquleka, futhi mhlawumbe nokulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Uma unezimpawu ezinjengalezi, ikakhulukazi uma zivela njalo, kufanele nakanjani ufune iseluleko sezokwelapha.

Kungani kwenzeka i-agranulocytosis? Ziyini izimbangela?

Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukwehla okuyingozi kwenani lamaseli amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils emzimbeni wethu. Kunezizathu ezimbili ezingaba khona zalokhu:

• Noma imizimba yethu ayikhiqizi ama-neutrophil anele ukuze isebenze kahle.
• Ngaphandle kwalokho, ama-neutrophils emzimbeni ayabhujiswa, noma afe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izizathu eziqondile zalokhu.

I-agranulocytosis ezuzwe njengefa

Kulokhu, kunenkinga ngesakhi sofuzo esisiza ekwenzeni ama-neutrophil. Lesi yisimo esikhona lapho kuzalwa (esizalwa naso). Isibonelo, uma sithatha i-Kostmann syndrome , noma i-congenital agranulocytosis , isimo esingavamile, izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zivame ukuba nezifo, umkhuhlane, ukuvuvukala, kanye nezinkinga zamathambo.

I-agranulocytosis etholakele

Kungaba nezizathu eziningana zalokhu. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:

• Imithi ethile: Lena imbangela evame kakhulu . Amanye ama-antibiotic , imithi yokwelapha ingqondo , kanye nemithi ye-thyroid ingabangela lesi simo.
• Izifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba : Lezi yizifo lapho amasosha omzimba ehlasela khona amangqamuzana omzimba. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-lupus kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis .
• Izifo zomnkantsha wamathambo kanye nezinkinga zokuhluleka komnkantsha wamathambo: Isibonelo , i-aplastic anemia . Umnkantsha wamathambo yilapho kwakheka khona amangqamuzana egazi ethu.
• Umdlavuza: Umdlavuza othinta umongo wamathambo, ikakhulukazi i-leukemia .
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza (i-Chemotherapy): Lokhu kwelashwa kungabhubhisa amaseli anempilo kanye nama-neutrophils.
• Ukuchayeka ebuthi noma kumakhemikhali: Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ezintweni ezifana nomthofu noma i-mercury.
• Izifo: Izifo ezinzima ezifana nomalaleveva , isifo sofuba , kanye nomkhuhlane onamabala eRocky Mountain .
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo: Ukuntuleka kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile njengeVithamini B12 kanye neFolate.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yalesi simo?

Abesifazane banamathuba amancane okuthola lesi simo kunabesilisa. Futhi, i-agranulocytosis ingathinta noma ubani wanoma yimuphi ubudala. Kodwa-ke, abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Abantu abenza i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza.
• Abantu abanezifo ezihlasela amasosha omzimba njenge -lupus kanye ne-rheumatoid arthritis .
• Abantu abasebenzisa imithi ethile, njenge -Clozapine (Clozaril®) , umuthi wokulwa nesifo sengqondo , i-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim™) , kanye ne -Methimazole (Tapazole®), umuthi we-thyroid.

Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona ngenxa ye-agranulocytosis?

Lesi simo singaholela ekuthelelekeni okuvamile noma kwesikhathi eside (ukutheleleka okungapheli).

Uma i-agranulocytosis iqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amathathu kuya kwamane, kunethuba eliyi-100% lokuthola ukutheleleka.

Uma ingelashwa, i-sepsis ingaholela ekusabeleni okukhulu, okusongela impilo kwesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba okubizwa ngokuthi i-sepsis. I-Sepsis igciwane elibi elisakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 noma labo abanezinye izinkinga zempilo, njengesifo senhliziyo, isifo sezinso, noma isifo samaphaphu, basengozini enkulu yokuthola lezi zinkinga.

Ukuthola kanjani lokhu?

Udokotela uyixilonga kanjani i-agranulocytosis? Ngokuvamile balandela lezi zinyathelo:

• Ukubalwa Kwegazi Okuphelele (i-CBC) kanye nomehluko: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazini lakho, ikakhulukazi inani lama-neutrophils. Inani eliphelele lama-neutrophil (ANC) elingaphansi kuka-100 nge-microliter ngayinye yegazi libhekwa njenge-agranulocytosis. (Inani elijwayelekile lomuntu ophilile lingaphezu kuka-1,500.)
• Ukuhlolwa komnkantsha wethambo kanye ne-aspirate: Ngezinye izikhathi, lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuthi umnkantsha wakho wethambo ukhiqiza kanjani ama-neutrophil.
• Izimpawu nomlando wezokwelapha: Udokotela uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, imithi oyiphuzayo, izifo ezithathelwanayo muva nje, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali.
• Ukuhlolwa kofuzo: Uma kusolwa ukuthi kukhona isifo sofuzo, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba noma ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha lokhu?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela zokwelapha lesi simo, i-agranulocytosis. Ukwelashwa kuncike embangela.

• Ukuyeka Umuthi Obangela Isifo: Uma umuthi ubangela izimpawu zakho, into yokuqala okufanele uyenze ukuyeka ukuwuthatha ngokuphepha njengoba uqondiswe udokotela wakho. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha umuthi ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.
• Ama-antibiotic: Uma unesifo, udokotela wakho uzokunikeza ama-antibiotic afanele kanye neminye imithi yokunciphisa izimpawu.
• I-Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF): Lolu hlobo lomjovo lunganikezwa ukusiza umzimba ukhiqize ama-neutrophil ngokushesha. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi imithi efana ne -Filgrastim (Neupogen®) , i-Pegfilgrastim (Neulasta®) , kanye ne-Lenograstim (Granocyte®) .
• Ama-immunosuppressants: Uma lesi simo sibangelwa yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba, imithi ecindezela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela komzimba, njenge -Prednisone, inganikezwa.
• Ukufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo: Uma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingaphumeleli, kungadingeka ukuthi ufakwe umnkantsha wethambo. Kulokhu, uzonikezwa umnkantsha wethambo ovela kumnikeli onempilo. Lokhu kuzosiza umzimba wakho ukuthi ukhiqize ama-neutrophil anempilo futhi.
• Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Abantu abanalesi simo kudingeka baqaphele kakhulu ukuze bagweme ukutheleleka.
• Geza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho njalo.
• Gwema izindawo ezinabantu abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
• Gqoka isimbozo sobuso/imaski uma uphuma.
• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokuthi yini enye ongayenza ukuze ugweme ukugula.

Ngizolulama ngokushesha kangakanani ngemva kokwelashwa?

Isikhathi sokululama sincike embangeni wenani eliphansi lama-neutrophil kanye nobunzima besimo. Uma kungumphumela omubi womuthi, ngokuvamile kungathatha isonto kuya emavikini amathathu ukuthi inani lakho lama-neutrophil libuyele esimweni esijwayelekile ngemva kokuyeka ukuthatha umuthi.

Ingabe lokhu kungavinjelwa?

Ngezinye izikhathi, i-agranulocytosis ayikwazi ukuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, uma uthatha umuthi onganciphisa ama-neutrophil akho (isb., i-chemotherapy, eminye imithi yengqondo), kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho futhi uhlolwe amazinga akho e-neutrophil njalo. Uma uthola i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza, udokotela wakho angancoma umjovo we-G-CSF ukusiza ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-neutrophil.

Uyini umbono womuntu one-agranulocytosis?

Nakuba lesi kuyisimo esingelapheka, imiphumela ingahluka kumuntu nomuntu. Ngokwelashwa okufanele, noma uma umuthi onciphisa ama-neutrophil uyekwa, lesi simo sivame ukuxazululeka.

Kodwa-ke, uma kungelashwa, ukutheleleka okukhulu ngisho nokufa kungavela. Uma inani lama-neutrophil lihlala lisezingeni eliyingozi isikhathi eside, kulapho ingozi yokutheleleka kanye nezinkinga iba nkulu khona. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 kanye nalabo abanezimo zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo (njengesifo sezinso, senhliziyo, noma samaphaphu).

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela?

I-Agranulocytosis yisimo esisongela ukuphila. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa ngokushesha. Bona udokotela ngokushesha uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu:

• Uma uthola izifo ezithathelwanayo njalo.
• Uma ukutheleleka kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuphola.
• Uma uba nezimpawu zokutheleleka njengomkhuhlane, ukubanda, noma umphimbo obuhlungu.

Uma unesifo sokuzivikela komzimba noma uthatha imithi eyehlisa ama-neutrophil akho, ungayeki ukuhlolwa kwakho kwezokwelapha. Ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wakho kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphe amazinga akho ama-neutrophil futhi kusize ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okudingeka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngamanye amaphuzu abaluleke kakhulu kulokho esikhulume ngakho:

• I-Agranulocytosis yisimo esibi kodwa esingelapheka lapho kunokwehla okukhulu kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi abizwa ngokuthi ama-neutrophils.
• Uma unezimpawu ezifana nokutheleleka njalo, umkhuhlane, noma umphimbo obuhlungu, bona udokotela ngokushesha.
• Lokhu kungabangelwa imithi ethile, izifo ezibangelwa ukuzivikela komzimba, kanye nokwelashwa komdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa kungafaka phakathi ukuyeka umuthi olimazayo, ama-antibiotic, imijovo ye-G-CSF, kanye nokufakelwa umnkantsha wethambo.
• Ukuzivikela ezifweni kubaluleke kakhulu. Ungazivikela ngokwenza izinto ezilula njengokugeza izandla zakho njalo nokugqoka imaski lapho usemphakathini.
• Uma usengozini yalokhu (isib., uma uphuza imithi ethile), ungayeki ukuya kudokotela.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi lolu lwazi luwusizo kuwe. Hlala uphilile!