Awunayo inkinga efanayo? Ake sixoxe ngesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-bipolar disorder.

Ingabe ngezinye izikhathi uzizwa ujabule ngokuzumayo, kodwa ngakusasa uzizwa udabuke kakhulu futhi unesithukuthezi ngempilo? Noma ingabe kukhona umuntu omaziyo oye wabhekana nalokhu? Lokhu akuyona nje enye into, mhlawumbe imbangela yalokhu yi-bipolar disorder. Namuhla, sizoxoxa ngalokhu kalula, ngendlela ongayiqonda.

Kuyini i-Bipolar Disorder?

Kalula nje, i-bipolar disorder iyisimo sempilo yengqondo sesikhathi eside . Ngaphambilini sasibizwa ngokuthi "isifo sokucindezeleka okubangelwa ukudabuka komqondo" noma "ukucindezeleka okubangelwa ukudabuka komqondo." Sibonakala ngezinguquko ezisheshayo neziphawulekayo esimweni sakho sengqondo, amazinga amandla, ukucabanga nokuziphatha. Lezi zinguquko zingahlala amahora, izinsuku, amasonto, noma ngisho nezinyanga. Zingaphazamisa nekhono lakho lokusebenza ngendlela evamile.

Isifo se-bipolar sibonakala ngokushintshashintsha kwemizwa okubili okuyinhloko: iziqephu ze -manic noma ze-hypomanic kanye neziqephu zokucindezeleka . Kodwa-ke, lokhu akusho ukuthi umuntu onesifo se-bipolar uhlala ekwesinye salezi ziqephu ezimbili. Futhi banezikhathi zesimo sengqondo esivamile. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi "i-euthymia."

Kungani igama elithi "isifo sokucindezeleka okubangelwa ukudabuka kwengqondo" lingasasetshenziswa?

Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• Esikhathini esidlule, odokotela babesebenzisa igama elithi "ukucindezeleka kwengqondo" ukubhekisela ezifweni eziningi zengqondo. Manje, njengoba izinhlelo zokuhlukaniswa kwezifo zengqondo, njenge- "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" (DSM) , sezishintshile, ukusebenzisa igama elithi "bipolar disorder" kwenza ukuxilongwa kucace.
• Amagama athi "uhlanya" kanye "nohlanya" anezincazelo eziningi ezingezinhle emphakathini, ikakhulukazi amagama anjengelithi "uhlanya." Ngokufanayo, abantu basebenzisa igama elithi "ukucindezeleka" ukuchaza ukudabuka okuvamile, noma ngabe akuyona inkinga yokucindezeleka . Igama elithi "bipolar disorder" liphazamisa la magama amabili.
• Igama elithi "bipolar disorder" liyigama lezokwelapha nelezokwelapha kakhulu kunelithi "ukucindezeleka okungenangqondo." Lithwala isisindo esincane ngokomzwelo.
• Igama elithi "ukucindezeleka kwe-manic" alihlanganisi izinhlobo ze-cyclothymic noma ze-hypomanic (njenge-bipolar II disorder) zalesi simo.

Yiziphi izimpawu eziyinhloko zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo?

Ake sibone ukuthi kwenzekani phakathi nalezi zikhathi zokuhlanya nokucindezeleka.

Iziqephu ze-Manic

Isifo se-Bipolar IAbantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo cishe bazobhekana nalezi zigameko zokuxhamazela. Yilapho isimo sakho sengqondo siba siphezulu ngendlela engavamile, ngezinye izikhathi size sithukuthele kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imizwa yakho, imicabango, amandla, inkulumo, kanye nokuziphatha kwakho konke kushintsha kakhulu. Leli zinga eliphezulu lamandla kanye nokuziphatha kuhluke kakhulu kunokwakho okuvamile, futhi kuyabonakala kwabanye.

Uma besesimweni sokuhlanya, abanye abantu bangenza izinto ezilimaza bona ngokomzimba, ngokwenhlalo, noma ngokwezimali. Isibonelo, bangase bachithe imali eningi ngokuzumayo, bagembule, noma bashayele ngokunganaki. Ngezinye izikhathi , izimpawu zengqondo , njengokuzibona bedidekile kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho, nazo zingase zivele. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa isifo se -bipolar kwezinye izifo, njenge-schizophrenia.

Kwezinye izinhlobo zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, isibonelo, abantu abane -Bipolar II Disorder baba nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypomania . Lesi yisiqephu esingesibi kakhulu futhi esithambile kune-mania. Asihlali isikhathi eside njengeziqephu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo futhi asiphazamisi ukusebenza kwansuku zonke.

Iziqephu zokucindezeleka

Ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka, ungase uzizwe udangele kakhulu futhi ungenathemba. Ungase futhi ulahlekelwe yisithakazelo ezintweni owawuzijabulela. Ezinye izimpawu zokucindezeleka zingase zivele:

• Ukukhathala, ukukhathala.
• Izinguquko ekufiseni ukudla (ukwanda noma ukwehla).
• Ukuzizwa ungelutho kuwuphawu lokuphelelwa yithemba.
• Ukungakwazi ukwenza lutho.
• Ngizizwa sengathi ngiyakhala.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zesifo se-bipolar?

Kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zesifo se-bipolar:

1. Isifo Sokucindezeleka Kwe-Bipolar I: Laba bantu bake baba nesigameko esisodwa noma ngaphezulu sokuxhamazela. Abantu abaningi banesigameko sokuxhamazela kanye nesokucindezeleka, kodwa usengakwazi ukuxilongwa ukuthi une-bipolar I uma unesigameko sokuxhamazela kuphela ngaphandle kwesigameko sokucindezeleka. Izikhathi zokucindezeleka zivame ukuhlala okungenani amasonto amabili. Ukuze uhlolwe ukuthi une-bipolar I, isiqephu sakho sokuxhamazela kumele sithathe okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa noma sibe sibi ngokwanele ukuze sidinge ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Laba bantu bangaba nezigameko ezixubile , okuyizigameko lapho kukhona khona izimpawu zokuxhamazela kanye nezokucindezeleka.

2. Isifo Sokucindezeleka Kwe-Bipolar II: Laba bantu babhekana neziqephu zokucindezeleka kanye neziqephu ze-hypomanic. Kodwa abakaze babhekane neziqephu ezigcwele ze-manic ezivame kakhulu kwi-bipolar I. Nakuba i-hypomania ingaphazamisi kangako kune-mania, isifo sokucindezeleka kwe-bipolar II ngezinye izikhathi singaba sicindezela kakhulu kune-bipolar I. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukucindezeleka okungapheli kuvame kakhulu kwi-bipolar II.

3.Isifo Se-Cyclothymic (Cyclothymia): Laba bantu banesimo sengqondo esingazinzile njalo. Bashintshashintsha phakathi kwe-hypomania nokucindezeleka okuncane okungenani iminyaka emibili. Bangase babe nezikhathi ezimfushane ze-euthymia, kodwa lezi zikhathi zingaphansi kwamasonto ayisishiyagalombili.

4. Ezinye izifo ezibangelwa yi-bipolar ezichazwe nezingachazwanga kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nazo: Uma umuntu engahlangabezani kahle nezindinganiso ze-bipolar I, II, noma i-cyclothymia, kodwa enezinga elibalulekile lokwenyuka kwemizwa okungavamile, uwela kulesi sigaba.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-borderline personality disorder (BPD) kanye ne-bipolar disorder?

I-Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) kanye ne-bipolar disorder kungadideka ngoba kunezimpawu ezifanayo. Kodwa-ke, ziyizimo ezimbili ezihlukene.

I-BPD ibonakala ngokushintsha kwemizwa, ukuziphatha, kanye nombono womuntu siqu isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa ukungqubuzana ebuhlotsheni nabanye. I-BPD ihlotshaniswa nenani elikhulu lokuzilimaza ngaphandle kokuzibulala, okuyinto engavamile kakhulu kwi-bipolar disorder.

Isifo se-bipolar sihlukile kwi-BPD ngoba sihilela iziqephu ezicacile nezihlala isikhathi eside ze-mania/hypomania kanye/noma ukucindezeleka . Lezi ziqephu ze-mania noma ukucindezeleka zingabangelwa yizici ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ukuphazamiseka kokulala, ukucindezeleka, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile nezidakamizwa.

Ubani othola isifo se-bipolar?

Kungakhula kunoma ubani. Ngokuvamile kuqala cishe eminyakeni engama-25. Kodwa akuvamile kakhulu, kungaqala usemncane, noma ngisho naseminyakeni engama-40 noma engama-50.

Kuthinta abesifazane nabesilisa ngokulinganayo, kodwa kungase kube nomehluko omncane endleleni okubathinta ngayo.

• Abesifazane abanesifo sengqondo esishintshashintshayo bangaba nokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo ngokushesha. Uma beneziqephu ezine noma ngaphezulu ze-mania noma ukucindezeleka ngonyaka, kubizwa ngokuthi "i-rapid cycling." Izinguquko emazingeni e-sex hormone kanye ne-thyroid hormone , kanye nokusabalala okuphezulu kwemithi yokucindezeleka kwabesifazane, kungabangela lesi simo "se-rapid cycling".
• Abesifazane bangase babe nezimo zokucindezeleka kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Ivame kangakanani i-bipolar disorder?

Cishe abantu abadala abayizigidi ezingu-5.7 e-United States, noma u-2.6% wabantu, banalesi simo. Lesi simo singabonakala naseSri Lanka.

Ziyini izimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo?

Uphawu oluyinhloko lwe-bipolar I disorder yi -manic episode ehlala okungenani isonto . Abantu abane-bipolar II disorder noma i-cyclothymia babhekana neziqephu ze-hypomanic.

Kodwa abantu abaningi abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder babhekana neziqephu ze-manic/hypomanic kanye neze-depression. Lokhu kushintshashintsha kwemizwelo akwenzeki njalo ngendlela efanayo. Isiqephu se-manic asihlali silandela isiqephu se-depression. Umuntu angaba nesimo sengqondo esifanayo (isb., i-mania) izikhathi eziningi, futhi angaphinde asuke esimweni sengqondo esivamile (euthymia) aye kolunye uhlangothi (ukucindezeleka).

Lezi zinguquko zemizwa zingahlala amasonto, izinyanga, noma ngisho neminyaka.

Into ebalulekile ukuthi lezi zinguquko zemizwa zingaphezu kwesilinganiso osijwayele nokuthi ushintsho luhlala isikhathi eside . Uma ungumuntu ohlushwa yi-mania, lungathatha izinsuku noma amasonto, kanti uma ucindezelekile, lungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga.

Ubunzima beziqephu zokucindezeleka kanye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo bungahlukahluka kumuntu nomuntu, ngisho nangokwesikhathi kumuntu ofanayo.

Izimpawu Zeziqephu Zokuhlanya

Abanye abantu babhekana neziqephu ze-mania noma i-hypomania izikhathi eziningana empilweni yabo. Abanye babhekana nazo kaningi kakhulu.

Izimpawu zesiqephu sokuhlanya yilezi:

• Imizwa yenjabulo enkulu, ithemba, kanye nenjabulo.
• Ushintsho olusheshayo nolunzima lwemizwa. Isibonelo, ukusuka ekubeni ojabule kakhulu kuya ekubeni othukuthele noma onobutha ngokuzumayo.
• Ukungahlaliseki.
• Ukukhuluma okusheshayo, imicabango egijimayo.
• Amandla akhuphukile, isidingo sokulala esinciphile.
• Ukuzithiba okwandisiwe, ukwenza izinqumo ezimbi. Isibonelo, ukuyeka umsebenzi ngokuzumayo.
• Ukwenza izinhlelo ezinkulu, ezingenakwenzeka.
• Ukuziphatha okungenangqondo nokuyingozi. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa notshwala, ucansi olungaphephile.
• Ukuzizwa ubaluleke kakhulu, unethalente, noma unamandla.
• I-Psychosis - Ukuzwa imibono engekho kanye nokukhohlisa ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ze-mania.

Ngokuvamile, abantu abasesimweni sokuhlanya abaqapheli imiphumela emibi yezenzo zabo. Ingozi yokuzibulala ihlala ikhona enkingeni yokuzizwa unesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Abanye abantu bayalingeka ukuzibulala ngesikhathi sokuhlanya, hhayi nje ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka.

Uma umuntu esesimweni esibi kakhulu sokuhlanya, ikakhulukazi uma enemibono engemihle kanye nokukhohlisa, kungadingeka ukuthi alaliswe esibhedlela ukuze azivikele yena nabanye ekulimaleni.

Izimpawu ze-Hypomania

Abanye abantu baba nezimpawu ezifana ne-mania, kodwa ezithambile. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-hypomania . Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ungase uzizwe kahle kakhulu futhi uzizwe sengathi ungenza okuningi. Abantu abasesimweni se-hypomanic bavame ukusebenza kahle emphakathini noma emsebenzini.

Ngesikhathi se-hypomanic episode, ungase uzizwe sengathi akukho okungahambi kahle. Kodwa umndeni wakho nabangani bakho bangase babone izinguquko esimweni sakho sengqondo nasekuziphatheni kwakho, futhi bangase bacabange ukuthi kuyinto engavamile kuwe. Ungase futhi ubhekane nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngemva kwe-hypomanic episode.

Izimpawu zeziqephu zokucindezeleka

Izimpawu zeziqephu zokucindezeleka enkingeni yokuguquguquka kwengqondo zifana nezokucindezeleka okukhulu . Zihlanganisa:

• Ukuzizwa udabukile okungabekezeleleki.
• Ukuntuleka kwamandla, ukukhathala.
• Ukuntuleka kwentshisekelo yokwenza noma yini.
• Ukuphelelwa yithemba, ukuzizwa ungelutho.
• Ukungatholi injabulo ezintweni ezaziletha injabulo.
• Ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, ukwenza izinqumo.
• Ukukhala ngokungalawuleki.
• Intukuthelo.
• Isidingo esikhulu sokulala.
• Ukungalali noma ukulala ngokweqile.
• Ukwehla kwesisindo noma ukuzuza ngenxa yokushintsha kwesifiso sokudla.
• Imicabango ngokufa noma ukuzibulala ( Umbono Wokuzibulala ).

Uma unemicabango yokuzibulala, kufanele ufune usizo ngokushesha. ESri Lanka, shayela inhlangano efana neSumithrayo (0112692909), noma uye esibhedlela esiseduze.

Izici zeSiqephu Esixubile

Esigabeni esixubile, izimpawu ze-mania kanye nokucindezeleka ziyahlangana. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, uba nemizwa nemicabango emibi ehambisana nokucindezeleka, kodwa futhi uzizwa ukhathazekile, ungaphumuli, futhi unamandla amaningi.

Abantu ababhekana nezigameko ezixubile bavame ukuthi yingxenye embi kakhulu yesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esiguquguqukayo.

Ziyini izimbangela zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo?

Ososayensi abakakazi kahle ukuthi yini ebangela lokhu.

Kodwa bakholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okunamandla kwezakhi zofuzo (izakhi zofuzo/ezazuzwe njengefa) . Isifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder singenye yezifo zengqondo ezivame kakhulu. Abantu abangaphezu kwezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu abanesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder banesihlobo segazi esinaso lesi sifo. Kodwa ukuthi nje isihlobo sakho segazi sinesifo sengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder akusho ukuthi uzoba naso.

Ezinye izinto ososayensi abakholelwa ukuthi zinegalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo zifaka:

• Izinguquko ebuchosheni bakho: Abacwaningi bathole izinguquko ezincane ngobukhulu noma ukusebenza kwezakhiwo ezithile zobuchopho kubantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo. Kodwa lesi sifo asinakutholakala ngokuskena kobuchopho.
• Izici zemvelo, njengokuhlukumezeka nokucindezeleka: Isenzakalo esicindezelayo, njengokufa kothandekayo, ukugula okukhulu, isehlukaniso, noma izinkinga zezimali, singabangela isiqephu sokudangala noma sokucindezeleka. Ngakho-ke, ukucindezeleka nokucindezeleka nakho kungasiza ekuthuthukisweni kwesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo.

Ososayensi okwamanje bacwaninga ukuthi lezi zici zihlobene kanjani ne-bipolar, ukuthi zingasiza kanjani ekuvimbeleni lesi simo, nokuthi uyini umthelela wazo ekwelashweni.

Isifo se-bipolar sitholakala kanjani?

Udokotela wakho angasebenzisa izinto eziningana ukuxilonga lokhu:

• Ukuhlolwa komzimba.
• Umlando ophelele wezokwelapha (ukubuza ngezimpawu zakho, okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho empilweni, kanye nomlando womndeni).
• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha,Njengokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuhlola ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele izimpawu zakho (isib. i-hyperthyroidism ).
• Ukuhlolwa kwempilo yengqondo. Udokotela wakho angakwenza lokhu, noma ungakudlulisela kuchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo, njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo.

Ukuze utholakale unesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kumele ukuthi uke waba nesigameko esisodwa se-manic noma i-hypomanic . Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo basebenzisa i-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ukusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ongase ube naso.

Ukuze anqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-bipolar onalo, udokotela wakho uzohlola indlela izimpawu zakho ezithinta ngayo impilo yakho ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder banamathuba amaningi okuba nalezi zimo zempilo yengqondo:

• Ukukhathazeka.
• Isifo Sokungakwazi Ukunaka/Ukuphazamiseka Kokusebenza Kakhulu (ADHD).
• Isifo Sokucindezeleka Ngemva Kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD).
• Izinkinga Zokusebenzisa Izidakamizwa.

Ngenxa yalokhu, nangenxa yokuthi abantu bangase bangakhumbuli bebhekana nakho ngoba inkumbulo yabo iyaphazamiseka ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nzima ngodokotela ukuxilonga ngokunembile abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.

Isiguli esinesifo sengqondo esiguquguqukayo esisesimweni esibi kakhulu sokusangana kanye nokubona izinto ezingekho engqondweni singase sihlonzwe kabi njengesifo sengqondo esibi . Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi sihlonzwe kabi njengesifo sobuntu obungenamingcele (BPD) .

Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwethembeka nokuphelela ngazo zonke izimpawu zakho kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho lapho ukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Kungasiza futhi ukufaka othandekayo ezingxoxweni zakho nodokotela wakho ongakunikeza imininingwane eyengeziwe ngomlando wakho wezempilo yengqondo.

Iphathwa kanjani i-bipolar disorder?

Ukwelashwa kungasiza abantu abaningi, ngisho nalabo abanezinkinga ezinkulu ze-bipolar disorder. Uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo luvame ukuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yalokhu okulandelayo:

• Ukwelapha Ngengqondo / Ukwelapha Ngengxoxo.
• Imithi.
• Amasu okuzilawula, isibonelo, ukufunda ngalesi sifo, ukubona izimpawu zokuqala zesifo, kanye nokuhlonza izimbangela.
• Imikhuba yokuphila enempilo, njengokuzivocavoca umzimba, i-yoga, nokuzindla, ingasekela ukwelashwa, kodwa ayithathi indawo yako.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) kusetshenziswa ezimweni lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasabeli kahle emithini, noma lapho izimpawu zidinga ukulawulwa ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo.

Isifo se-bipolar siyisimo sokuphila konke, ngakho ukwelashwa kuyisibopho sokuphila konke . Kungathatha izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka ukuthi wena nodokotela wakho nithole uhlelo lokwelashwa olusebenza kahle kuwe. Ngisho noma lokhu kungakhungathekisa, kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokwelashwa.

Iziqephu zokudabuka kanye nokucindezeleka ziyabuya ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Iningi labantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder lithola ukudamba kokushintshashintsha kwemizwelo ngesikhathi seziqephu, kodwa abanye bangase babe nezimpawu ezithile ezisele. Ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside kungasiza ekulawuleni lezi zimpawu.

Uma unezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo (isib. ukukhathazeka, i-ADHD) kanye ne-bipolar, ukwelapha lezo zimo kungaba nzima nakakhulu. Isibonelo, izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka zesifo esibangelwa ukucindezeleka ngokweqile (OCD) kanye nezikhuthazi ze-ADHD zingadala izimpawu ze-bipolar ezimbi nakakhulu futhi zibangele neziqephu zokudabuka.

Nokho, nakuba ukwelapha lezi zimo kungaba nzima, akuyona into engenakwenzeka. Zibophezele ekutholeni uhlelo lokwelapha olukusebenzelayo.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo ekwelapheni i-bipolar disorder?

Ukwelashwa kwengqondo, okwaziwa nangokuthi "ukwelashwa kokukhuluma," kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yohlelo lokwelapha abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo.

Ukwelapha ngengqondo kuyindlela ehlukahlukene yokwelapha ekusiza ukuthi ubone futhi ushintshe imizwa, imicabango, kanye nokuziphatha okukhathazayo. Ukusebenza nochwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo , njengodokotela wezifo zengqondo, kungakunikeza wena nomndeni wakho ukwesekwa, imfundo kanye nesiqondiso.

Izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha isifo se-bipolar:

• Imfundo Yengqondo: Yilapho ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo befundisa abantu ngezimo zabo zempilo yengqondo. Ngenxa yokuthi i-bipolar iyisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukufunda ngaso nokuthi sithinta kanjani impilo yakho kungakusiza wena nabathandekayo bakho ukuthi nisiphathe futhi nisibhekane kangcono naso.
• Ukwelashwa Ngesigqi Sokuxhumana Nomphakathi (IPSRT): Lokhu kwelashwa kuklanyelwe ukukusiza uqonde futhi usebenze ngemigqi yakho yemvelo kanye neyomphakathi ukuze uthuthukise imizwa yakho. I-IPSRT iyindlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo kubantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nezinye izinkinga zemizwa. Igxile ekunamatheleni emithini, ekuphatheni izehlakalo zokuphila ezicindezelayo, kanye nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwemigqi yokuxhumana nabantu (izinguquko emisebenzini yansuku zonke). I-IPSRT ikufundisa amakhono angakusiza ugweme izigameko zesikhathi esizayo ze-mania noma ukucindezeleka.
• Ukwelashwa Okugxile Emndenini: Lokhu kuyindlela yokwelapha abantu abadala nezingane ezinesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kanye nabanakekeli bazo. Kulolu hlobo lokwelapha, abathandekayo bakho basebenza nawe ukuze bafunde ngesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, bathuthukise amakhono okuxhumana, futhi bazijwayeze amakhono okuxazulula izinkinga.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuziphatha Kokuqonda (i-CBT): Lolu uhlobo lokwelapha oluhlelekile nolugxile emigomweni. Umeluleki wakho uyakusiza ukuthi ubheke ngokujulile imicabango nemizwa yakho. Uzofunda ukuthi imicabango yakho ithonya kanjani izenzo zakho. Nge-CBT, ungafunda ukuyeka imicabango nemikhuba emibi futhi uthuthukise amaphethini nemikhuba yokucabanga enempilo.

Yimiphi imithi esetshenziswayo yesifo se-bipolar?

Eminye imithi ingasiza ekuphatheni izimpawu ze-bipolar. Kungase kudingeke uzame imithi eminingana ehlukene ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sikadokotela wakho ukuze uthole okusebenzela kahle kakhulu.

Imithi evamile yesifo se-bipolar ihlanganisa:

• Izinzisa Umoya.
• Ama-neuroleptic esizukulwane sesibili ("angavamile") (abizwa nangokuthi ama-antipsychotics).
• Imithi yokucindezeleka.

Uma uthatha imithi yesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder, khumbula lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uqonde izingozi, imiphumela emibi, kanye nezinzuzo zomuthi.
• Tshela udokotela wakho nganoma yimiphi eminye imithi (oyinikezwe ngudokotela, ongayithenga ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela, noma izithasiselo zokudla) osuvele uyisebenzisa.
• Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imiphumela emibi ekhathazayo, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Bangase bakwazi ukushintsha umthamo noma bakunike omunye umuthi.
• Khumbula ukuthi imithi ye-bipolar kufanele ithathwe njalo, njengoba kuyalelwe.

Izinzisa-Mood ze-Bipolar

Abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar disorder bavame ukudinga imithi yokuzinzisa imizwa ukuze baphathe iziqephu ze-manic noma ze-hypomanic.

Izinhlobo zezinzinzisi zemizwa kanye namagama azo:

• I-Lithium ( Eskalith®, Lithobid®, Lithonate®)
• I-Valproic acid (i-Depakene®)
• I-Divalproex sodium (i-Depakote®)
• I-Carbamazepine (i-Tegretol®, i-Equetro®)
• I-Lamotrigine (i-Lamictal®)

I-Lithium ingenye yemithi evame ukunqunywa futhi efundwa kakhulu yesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. I-Lithium iwusawoti otholakala ngokwemvelo. Inciphisa izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo zingakapheli amasonto amabili kusukela ekuqaleni kokwelashwa, kodwa kungathatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukuthi izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo zilawulwe ngokuphelele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, odokotela bavame ukunikeza eminye imithi, njengemithi yokwelapha ingqondo noma imithi yokucindezeleka, ukusiza ukulawula izimpawu.

I-lithium ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga ze-thyroid kanye nezinso . Ngakho-ke udokotela wakho uzohlola njalo ukusebenza kwe-thyroid kanye nezinso zakho, kanye namazinga e-lithium egazini lakho, ngoba amazinga e-lithium angaba phezulu kakhulu.

Noma yini ehlisa amazinga akho e-sodium - njengokushintshela ekudleni okune-sodium ephansi, ukujuluka ngokweqile, umkhuhlane, ukuhlanza, noma isifo sohudo - kungabangela ukuthi i-lithium ikhule ibe namazinga anobuthi emzimbeni wakho. Qaphela lezi zimo uma uphuza i-lithium, bese utshela udokotela wakho uma zenzeka.

Lezi izimpawu zobuthi be-lithium/ukweqisa . Uma unanoma yikuphi kwalokhu , shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha, noma uye ekamelweni eliphuthumayo eliseduze:

• Umbono ofiphele noma umbono ophindwe kabili.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile.
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo kakhulu noma okuhamba kancane kakhulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukudideka, isiyezi.
• Ukuthuthumela okukhulu noma ukuxhuzula.
• Ukuchama ngokweqile.
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawuleki.
• Ukuphuka noma ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile.

Imithi ye-Neuroleptic yesifo se-bipolar

Odokotela bavame ukunikeza imithi yesizukulwane sesibili noma engavamile ye-neuroleptics (ama-antipsychotics) kanye nemithi yokuzinzisa isimo sengqondo kubantu abane-bipolar disorder. Le mithi isiza kokubili ngezigameko zokudabuka kanye nokucindezeleka.

Imithi emine kuphela yale evunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ukwelapha ukucindezeleka kwe-bipolar:

• I-Cariprazine (Vraylar®)
• I-Lurasidone (i-Latuda®)
• Inhlanganisela ye-Olanzapine-fluoxetine (i-Symbyax®)
• I-Quetiapine (i-Seroquel®)

Kodwa-ke, eminye imithi efana ne-Olanzapine (Zyprexa®), i-Risperidone (Risperdal®), kanye ne-Aripiprazole (Abilify®) nayo ivame ukunikezwa.

Ama-antidepressants e-bipolar disorder

Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi banikeza imithi yokucindezeleka ukuze baphathe izigameko zokucindezeleka ezihambisana nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi yi-bipolar disorder. Kodwa-ke, ukuze bavimbele izigameko zokudangala, banikeza futhi imithi yokuzinzisa isimo sengqondo kanye nomuthi wokucindezeleka.

Ama-antidepressant awasetshenziswa njengomuthi kuphela we-bipolar disorder, njengoba ukuthatha i-antidepressant kukodwa kungabangela i-manic episode.

Iyini imiphumela emibi yemithi ye-bipolar?

Imiphumela emibi yemithi ye-bipolar ivamile, futhi iyahlukahluka kuye ngemithi. Kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokho ongakulindela emithini oyiphuzayo. Kubalulekile futhi ukubatshela uma unemiphumela emibi.

Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi ngaphandle kokuba udokotela wakho ekutshele ukuthi uyeke. Ukuyeka imithi ngokuzumayo kungabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi kuholele ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zezokwelapha.

Imiphumela emibi evame kakhulu yemithi ye-bipolar yile:

• Ukwanda kwesisindo.
• Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolic, okuhlanganisa amazinga angavamile e-lipid (i-dyslipidemia) , umfutho wegazi ophakeme (umfutho wegazi ophakeme) , kanye noshukela ophezulu wegazi (i-hyperglycemia) .
• Ukozela.
• U-Akathisia - Umuzwa wokungahlaliseki, ukungahlaliseki, kanye nesifiso esinamandla sokunyakaza, ukushukuma, noma ukuhambahamba.

Yiziphi ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswayo ze-bipolar?

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha udokotela wakho angase azicabangele ukwelapha isifo se-bipolar zifaka:

• Ukwelashwa Nge-Electroconvulsive (ECT): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthumela ugesi omfushane ngekhanda lakho uye ebuchosheni bakho, okubangela ukuxhuzula. Lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziswa kubantu abanokucindezeleka okukhulu. I-ECT iphephile kakhulu futhi isebenza kahle ekucindezelekeni okungaphenduli emithini noma ekuxhashazweni okukhulu, okusongela impilo. Kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha i-mania uma ukhulelwe. I-ECT yenziwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia ejwayelekile, ngakho-ke ulele phakathi nayo yonke inqubo futhi ngeke uzwe ubuhlungu.
• Ukukhuthazwa Kwamagnetic Kwe-Transcranial (TMS): Lokhu kuhilela ukuthumela ugesi nge-coil emfushane ye-electromagnetic ebuchosheni bakho. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi basebenzisa lokhu ukwelapha ukucindezeleka okungaphenduli emithini. Kuyindlela ehlukile esikhundleni se-ECT. I-TMS ayibuhlungu futhi ayidingi i-anesthesia.
• Imithi ye-thyroid: Le mithi ingasebenza njengeziqinisi zemizwa. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi iyasebenza ekunciphiseni izimpawu kwabesifazane abanesifo se-bipolar esinzima ukwelapha, "esisheshayo".
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Ketamine: Imithamo ephansi ye-ketamine edambisa ubuhlungu enikezwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV) iboniswe inemiphumela yesikhashana yokucindezeleka kanye neyokubulala abantu abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo.
• Ukulaliswa esibhedlela: Lena inketho ephuthumayo yokunakekelwa kwe-bipolar. Kuyadingeka uma umuntu esesimeni sokucindezeleka okukhulu noma sokusangana futhi esengozini esheshayo kuye noma kwabanye.

Ingabe izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ziyasiza ekushintsheni kwendlela yokuphila?

Ithimba lakho lezokwelapha cishe lizoncoma izinguquko zendlela yokuphila ukuze likusize uyeke ukuziphatha okwenza izimpawu zakho ze-bipolar zibe zimbi kakhulu. Ezinye zalezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila zifaka:

• Yeka ukusebenzisa utshwala, izidakamizwa kanye nogwayi: Kubalulekile ukuyeka ukusebenzisa utshwala kanye nezidakamizwa (kufaka phakathi ugwayi) njengoba lokhu kungathintana nemithi oyithathayo, kubhebhethekise isimo sakho se-bipolar, futhi kwandise ingozi yakho yokuthola lesi simo.
• Gcina idayari yansuku zonke noma ishadi lemizwa: Ukurekhoda imicabango yakho yansuku zonke, imizwa, kanye nokuziphatha kungakusiza ubone ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle kangakanani futhi kuhlonze izimbangela ezingaholela ezigamekweni zokuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma ukucindezeleka.
• Gcina isimiso sokulala esinempilo:I-Bipolar ingaba nomthelela omkhulu emaphethini akho okulala, futhi izinguquko emaphethini okulala zingaholela ekuguleni. Yenza kube yinto eza kuqala ukuba nesimiso sokulala esivamile, njengokulala nokuvuka ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.
• Ukuzivocavoca: Ukuzivocavoca kuye kwabonakala kuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo kanye nempilo yengqondo ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kungasiza futhi ekuphatheni izimpawu ze-bipolar. Umphumela ovamile wemithi ye-bipolar ukukhuluphala. Ngakho-ke, ukuzivocavoca kungasiza futhi ekuphatheni isisindo.
• Ukuzindla: Ukuzindla kuye kwabonakala kusebenza kahle ekuthuthukiseni ukucindezeleka, okuyingxenye yesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka futhi ulondoloze ubudlelwano obunempilo: Ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka kungenza izimpawu zibe zimbi kakhulu kubantu abaningi abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Kubalulekile ukuphatha ukucindezeleka kwakho ngendlela enempilo nokuqeda izinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka uma kungenzeka. Ingxenye enkulu yalokhu ukugcina ubudlelwano obunempilo nabangani nomndeni abasekelayo, kanye nokuyeka ubudlelwano obuyingozi obunezela ukucindezeleka empilweni yakho.

Iyini inkomba yokubikezela kwesifo se-bipolar?

Umbono wesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esiguquguqukayo uvame ukuba mubi uma ungelashwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abanesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esiguquguqukayo bangaphila impilo eyanelisayo nephumelelayo.

Isifo se-bipolar sinciphisa isikhathi sokuphila ngeminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye. Cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu onesifo se-bipolar uyazibulala. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-60% abanesifo se-bipolar balutha izidakamizwa noma utshwala.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi iziguli ezine-bipolar zithole iseluleko sezokwelapha futhi zizibophezele ekwelashweni.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi njalo nangokuqhubekayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni iziqephu zokuhlanya kanye nokucindezeleka. Uma ukwazi ukubona izimpawu kanye nezimbangela zalezi ziqephu, unethuba elingcono lokuthola ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kanye namasu okubhekana nesimo angavimbela ukugula isikhathi eside, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, kanye nokuzibulala.

Ingabe isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar singavinjelwa?

Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi abazi imbangela eqondile ye-bipolar, ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuyivimbela.

Kodwa-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela izimpawu zesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuguquguqukayo nokufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha (Ukungenelela Kwangaphambi Kwesikhathi) .

Kufanele ubonane nini nodokotela mayelana nesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo esibizwa ngokuthi i-bipolar?

Uma utholakale unesifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, kuzodingeka uhlangane nethimba lakho lezokwelapha njalo empilweni yakho yonke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kukusebenzela kahle. Leli thimba lingafaka:

• Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo oyinhloko.
• Udokotela Wezifo Zengqondo.
• Isazi Sezengqondo noma Uchwepheshe Wezokwelapha.
• Udokotela wezinzwa.

Iziguli ezine-bipolar kufanele ziye nini e-Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ?

Uma unezimo ezinje,Kubalulekile ukushayela ucingo ngokushesha ku-1990 (insizakalo ye-ambulensi ephuthumayo yaseSri Lanka) noma uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze:

• Imicabango ngokufa noma ukuzibulala.
• Imicabango noma izinhlelo zokuzilimaza wena noma abanye.
• Ukuzwa imibono engekho kanye nokukhohlisa.
• Izimpawu zobuthi be-lithium/ukweqisa , njengokucasuka okukhulu nokuhlanza, ukuthuthumela okukhulu kwezandla, ukudideka, kanye nokushintsha kombono.

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Isifo se-bipolar siyisifo esihlala isikhathi eside. Kodwa ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo, njengemithi kanye nokwelashwa ngokukhuluma, kungakusiza ukuthi uphathe izimpawu zakho futhi uphile impilo enempilo nenenjongo. Kubalulekile ukuhlangana nethimba lakho lezempilo njalo ukuze uqaphe uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kanye nezimpawu. Khumbula ukuthi odokotela bakho nabathandekayo bakho bakhona ukukusekela. Ungesabi ukucela usizo.

I- Bipolar, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo, i-mania, ukucindezeleka, impilo yengqondo, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo, ukwelashwa