Mhlawumbe kufanele wenze ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Noma mhlawumbe ube nengozi futhi walahlekelwa igazi eliningi. Ngesikhathi esinjengalesi, udokotela angase akutshele ukuthi, "Udinga ukunginika igazi." Kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba futhi ukhathazekile kancane uma uzwa la mazwi. "O, ngingalithola igazi lomunye umuntu? Ingabe kuphephile? Ingabe kukhona okuzokwenzeka?" Imibuzo eminingi ingase ifike engqondweni. Kodwa ungesabi. Ukunikela ngegazi, noma njengoba sikubiza ngokwezokwelapha, " ukumpontshelwa igazi ", kuyinto evamile kakhulu futhi ephephile kulezi zinsuku. Namuhla, sizothola izimpendulo zayo yonke imibuzo onayo ngalokhu.
Kalula nje, kuyini ukumpontshelwa igazi?
Kulula kakhulu. Ukunikela ngegazi kusho ukubuyisela emzimbeni wakho igazi noma ingxenye yegazi elahlekile emzimbeni wakho ngenxa yokugula noma ingozi ethile. Cabanga uma enye noma eziningi zezinto umzimba wethu okudingeka ube nazo egazini elinempilo zingekho, ukunikela ngegazi ngale ndlela kungenza lokho kuntuleka.
Le nqubo ivame ukuthatha phakathi kwehora eli-1 neli-4, kuye ngokuthi lingakanani igazi okudingeka ulinikele kanye nohlobo lwengxenye yegazi onikela ngalo. Lena inqubo yezokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu futhi ephephile esisindise izigidi zezimpilo emhlabeni jikelele.
Kungani umuntu edinga ukunikela ngegazi?
Kunezizathu eziningi ezenza umuntu anikele ngegazi. Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziyinhloko.
| Isizathu | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu noma ingozi enkulu | Ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ingozi enkulu, kungalahleka igazi eliningi emzimbeni. Kudingeka ukumpontshelwa igazi ukuze kuthathelwe indawo inani legazi elilahlekile. |
| Ukopha emgudwini wokugaya ukudla | Uma uphuma igazi emgudwini wakho wokugaya ukudla ngenxa yezilonda noma esinye isimo sezokwelapha, kungadingeka ukuthi umpontshelwe igazi ukuze kuthathelwe indawo ukulahleka kwegazi okwenzekayo. |
| I-anemia | Umdlavuza wegazi njenge-leukemia, isifo sezinso, noma ezinye izimbangela kunganciphisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo emzimbeni. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-anemia. Kulezi zimo, ukumpontshelwa igazi kusetshenziswa ukunikeza amaseli abomvu egazi. |
| Ukwelashwa komdlavuza | Ukwelashwa komdlavuza okufana nemisebe noma i-chemotherapy kunganciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwegazi. Kungadingeka futhi unikele ngegazi ngalezi zikhathi. |
| Izifo zegazi kanye nezifo zesibindi | Abantu abanezifo zegazi ezizuzwe njenge-thalassemia noma izifo zesibindi ezingathi sína nabo bangadinga ukumpontshelwa igazi njalo. |
Ake sifunde ngezinhlobo zegazi kanye nezingxenye zegazi.
Yini esegazini lethu?
Igazi lethu alilona nje uketshezi olulodwa. Linezingxenye eziningana eziyinhloko.
- Amaseli Egazi Abomvu : Lawa ngamaseli athwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wonke.
- Amaseli Amhlophe Egazi : Lawa afana nebutho lemizimba yethu, alwa namagciwane abangela izifo.
- Ama-Platelet: Lawa ngamaseli amancane kakhulu. Uma kukhona ukulimala futhi kuvela ukopha, lawa ma-platelet asiza ekumiseni ukopha .
- I-Plasma: Lena yingxenye yegazi ephuzi ewuketshezi. Iqukethe izinto eziningi ezibalulekile, njengamaprotheni asiza ukujiya kwegazi.
Ngezinye izikhathi unganikela "ngegazi eliphelele," eliqukethe zonke lezi zakhi, kodwa ngokuvamile uzonikezwa kuphela ingxenye ethile yomzimba wakho oyintulayo ngaleso sikhathi. Isibonelo, umuntu one-anemia anganikwa amaseli abomvu egazi kuphela.
Ingabe izinhlobo zegazi kufanele zifane?
Yebo, kufanele kube yinto efanayo impela. Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu lapho unikela ngegazi.
Sinezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zegazi: u-A, u-B, u-AB, no-O. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlobo ngalunye lwegaziKukhona into ebizwa ngokuthi i-Rh factor . Kuye ngokuthi ikuphi, uhlobo lwegazi lungaba oluqondile (+) noma olungalungile (-).
Uma uhlobo lwegazi olutholayo lungalingani nolwakho, ama-antibodies omzimba wakho azoqala ukuhlasela amaseli egazi amasha. Lokhu kungabangela izinkinga eziyingozi kakhulu, ngisho nezisongela ukuphila.
Yingakho ithonsi ngalinye legazi elinikelwa amabhange egazi lihlolwa ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo lwegazi, i-Rh factor, kanye nezinye izifo.
- Abantu abanegazi lohlobo lwe-O babizwa ngokuthi “abanikeli begazi abajwayelekile” ngoba esimweni esiphuthumayo, igazi le-O negative (O-) linganikezwa umuntu onanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi.
- Abantu abanegazi lohlobo lwe-AB babizwa ngokuthi "abamukeli begazi abajwayelekile" ngoba bangathola igazi kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwegazi.
Ziyini izingozi zokunikela ngegazi?
Okokuqala, ukunikela ngegazi kuyinto ephephile kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Isikhwama ngasinye segazi sihlolwa izifo ezingathi sína njenge -HIV , i-Hepatitis B no-C, ngakho-ke ingozi yokutheleleka iphansi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yikuphi ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezingozi ezincane kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuzazi.
| Ingozi/Inkinga | Okudingeka ukwazi ngalokhu |
|---|---|
| Imfiva | Kuvamile ukuba nomkhuhlane omncane ihora elilodwa noma amahora ayisithupha ngemva kokunikela ngegazi, futhi akukubi kangako. Kodwa uma unomkhuhlane ohambisana nesicanucanu noma ubuhlungu besifuba, tshela udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngokushesha. |
| Ukusabela Kokungezwani Nomzimba | Ngisho noma uthola uhlobo lwegazi oluhambisanayo, ungase ube nokusabela okuncane kokungezwani komzimba, njengokulunywa kanye nokuqubuka. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi noma ngemuva nje kokunikela ngegazi. |
| Ukusabela Okunamandla Kwe-Hemolytic Yomzimba | Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esingavamile kakhulu, kodwa esibucayi. Yilapho umzimba wakho uhlasela khona amaseli egazi abomvu asanda kunikelwa. Izimpawu zingase zihlanganise umkhuhlane, ukubanda, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu esifubeni noma emhlane ongezansi, kanye nomchamo omnyama. Lesi yisimo esiphuthumayo! |
| Ukusabela kwe-Anaphylactic | Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni, kodwa akuvamile kakhulu. Ngemizuzu embalwa nje uqala ukukhipha igazi, ungase uzwe ukuvuvukala kobuso nomphimbo, ubunzima bokuphefumula, kanye nokwehla komfutho wegazi. |
| Ukutheleleka okubangelwa igazi | Yilokhu abantu abaningi abakwesabayo. Kodwa empeleni, kulezi zinsuku, ingozi iphansi kakhulu. I-National Blood Donor Service yaseSri Lanka ihlola ngokucophelela yonke isikhwama segazi ukuze ithole izifo ezifana ne-HIV, i-Hepatitis B, C kanye ne-syphilis. Ingozi iphansi kakhulu kangangokuthi amathuba okuthola i-HIV ngokunikela ngegazi angaba ngumuntu oyedwa kwabayizigidi ezimbili. |
| Ukugcwala ngokweqile kwensimbi (i-Hemochromatosis) | Lokhu kwenzeka kubantu abampontshelwa igazi ngokuphindaphindiwe (isib., iziguli ezine-thalassemia). Amazinga ensimbi emzimbeni anganda, okubangela umonakalo enhliziyweni nasesibindini. Odokotela bayaqaphela ngalokhu futhi banikeza ukwelashwa okudingekayo. |
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa umhlengikazi noma udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uzizwa ungento engavamile noma engakhululekile, noma ngabe incane, ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokunikela ngegazi. Uma uba nezimpawu ezinkulu ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya usuka esibhedlela, hamba ngokushesha eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (ETU) wesibhedlela esiseduze.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukumpontshelwa igazi kuyindlela yezokwelapha esindisa impilo, ngokuvamile ephephile kakhulu. Ungakwesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Ngaphambi kokuba unikezwe igazi, igazi elinikelwe lihlolwa ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lihambisana nohlobo lwegazi lakho, i-Rh factor, nokuthi liqukethe yini izifo ezahlukahlukene.
- Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokunikela ngegazi, njengomkhuhlane, ukulunywa, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ubuhlungu besifuba noma umhlane, tshela udokotela wakho noma umhlengikazi ngokushesha ngaphandle kokulibala.
- Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngokukhululekile nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukwesaba, noma ukungabaza ongase ube nakho ngalokhu. Ukuchaza konke kuzokunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo okukhulu.
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