Uma udokotela ekunikeza umbiko wokuhlolwa bese ethi, “Nansi umbiko wakho we-biopsy ,” kuvamile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane, unelukuluku, futhi unemibuzo eminingi. Uma sibona amagama nezinombolo zezokwelapha kuwo, asikwazi ukukuqonda kahle. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngezinye izikhathi sesaba ngokungadingekile. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngendlela yokuqonda lo mbiko obaluleke kakhulu owutholayo mayelana nomdlavuza, i-Pathology Report, ngaphandle kokwesaba.
Okokuqala, uyini uMbiko Wezifo?
Kalula nje, ingxenye encane yezicubu, kungaba ngokuhlinzwa noma nge-biopsy, ithathwa endaweni okusolwa ukuthi isendaweni yomzimba wakho bese ithunyelwa elabhorethri ukuze iyohlolwa. Kukhona udokotela ochwepheshe balezi zicubu. Simbiza ngokuthi yiPathologist . Ubheka le ngxenye yezicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope, enze ezinye izivivinyo, bese elungiselela idokhumenti ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pathology Report equkethe ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu njengokuthi ngabe kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza kuwo, uma ekhona, ukuthi aluhlobo luni, nokuthi asakazeke yini.
Udokotela okwelaphayo uzonquma ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe ngokusekelwe kakhulu kulwazi olukulo mbiko. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu.
Uquketheni umbiko?
Le mibiko ingahluka kancane kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza. Kodwa kunezinto ezithile ezivamile ezivame ukubonakala kuyo yonke imibiko. Ake sixoxe ngazo ngayinye ngayinye.
1. Ulwazi lwakho lomuntu siqu kanye nolwazi lwesampula (Ulwazi Lokuhlonza)
Lokhu kufaka phakathi igama lakho, usuku lokuzalwa, inombolo yokubhalisa esibhedlela, kanye nemininingwane kadokotela wakho, udokotela wezifo owenze ukuhlolwa kwezicubu, kanye nelebhu. Kuphinde kusho ukuthi isampula yathathwa kuphi emzimbeni nokuthi ngabe yatholakala ngokuhlinzwa noma nge-biopsy.
2. Incazelo Ephelele
Lokhu kulula kakhulu. Ngaphambi kokuba uchwepheshe abheke ingxenye yezicubu ngaphansi kwe-microscope, ubhala phansi imininingwane yezicubu engabonakala ngeso lenyama. Isibonelo, ubukhulu bayo (ngokuvamile ngamasentimitha), isisindo, umbala, kanye nesimo . Kodwa khumbula, ubukhulu besimila esinomdlavuza buyingxenye nje yendaba. Ngezinye izikhathi, izimila ezinkulu zingakhula kancane kunezimila ezincane.
3. Incazelo ye-Microscopic
Yilapho imininingwane ebaluleke kakhulu neyinkimbinkimbi yombiko ikhona. Yilapho udokotela wezifo ebhala khona lokho akubonayo ngemva kokusika izicubu zibe yizicucu ezincane kakhulu, ezifaka udayi okhethekile, futhi ezibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope enamandla amakhulu. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa ulwazi oluningi, njengokuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abukeka kanjani, ukuthi aqhathaniswa kanjani namaseli avamile, nokuthi ngabe asakazekele yini ezicutshini ezizungezile.
Kunamagama abaluleke kakhulu kulesi sigaba azokuqondisa ekuxilongweni nasekulashweni kwakho. Masiwaqonde kahle.
| Igama elishiwo embikweni | Incazelo elula |
|---|---|
| Ibanga | Lokhu kubhekisela ekutheni amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahluke kangakanani (ngokungajwayelekile) kumaseli anempilo. Uma izinga liphezulu, kulapho amathuba okukhula nokusabalalisa umdlavuza eba maningi khona.
|
| Okuhlaseliwe / Okungahlaseli | Ayihlaseli (in situ): Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ugcinwe ezicutshini lapho waqala khona. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukasabalali endaweni ezungezile. Lesi yisimo esihle. Okuhlaseliwe: Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke ngale kwalapho waqala khona, wangena ezicutshini eziphilile ezizungezile. |
| Umkhawulo Wesimila | Uma udokotela ohlinzayo esusa isimila somdlavuza, ususa indawo encane yezicubu ezinempilo ezizungezile. Lezo zicubu ezinempilo zibizwa ngokuthi umkhawulo. Umkhawulo uyahlolwa ukuthi azikho yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
|
| Ama-Lymph Node | Amathumba ayingxenye yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela. Ukuze sibone ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke yini, sisusa amathumba ambalwa eduze kwesimila bese siwahlola.
|
| Izinga le-Mitotic | Lokhu kulinganisa ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ahlukana futhi akhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Inani eliphakeme lisho ukuthi umdlavuza ukhula ngokushesha. |
4. Isigaba Somdlavuza
Lokhu kuyinto abantu abaningi abafuna ukuyazi. Isigaba somdlavuza siyisithombe esiphelele sokuthi umdlavuza mkhulu kangakanani nokuthi ususakazeke kangakanani. Lokhu kunqunywa kusetshenziswa uhlelo olubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo lwe-TNM .
- I-T (i-Tumor): Usayizi kanye nohlobo lwesimila somdlavuza sokuqala.
- N (Ama-Node): Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kuma-lymph node aseduze noma cha.
- M ( Metastasis ): Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kwezinye izitho zomzimba (isib. isibindi , amaphaphu , ubuchopho) kude nalapho waqala khona.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zindinganiso ze-TNM, umdlavuza unikezwa isigaba sonke kusetshenziswa izinombolo zesiRoma I, II, III, kanye ne-IV. Isigaba I yisigaba sokuqala. Isigaba IV yisigaba esithuthuke kakhulu, lapho umdlavuza ususakazeke kabanzi. Eminye imidlavuza inesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi iSigaba 0. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umdlavuza awusakazekanga futhi usesigabeni sokuqala.
5. Ukuxilongwa kokugcina kanye nokuphawula okwengeziwe
Ekupheleni kombiko, udokotela wezifo uzofingqa yonke imininingwane engenhla bese enikeza isiphetho sakhe sokugcina. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuxilongwa . Lokhu kuzosho ngokucacile uhlobo lomdlavuza, ibanga, isimo se-lymph node, isimo se-margin, kanye nesigaba somdlavuza.
Ngezinye izikhathi, uma ukuxilongwa kuyinkimbinkimbi kancane, umbiko ungase ufake nesigaba sokuphawula ukuze sikuchaze noma uphakamise ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi, ungafundi nje lo mbiko wedwa bese ufinyelela iziphetho ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho uzokuchazela wonke amagama kanye nayo yonke imininingwane ekuwo. Mbuze nganoma yimiphi imibuzo, ukukhathazeka, noma ukungabaza ongase ube nakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Umbiko wakho wezifo zomdlavuza uwumbhalo obaluleke kakhulu okusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ngesimo sakho kanye nokwelashwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
- Amagama afana neGrade, Stage, Margin, kanye neLymph Node Status achaza uhlobo, ubukhulu, kanye nobunzima bomdlavuza.
- Uma umbiko uthi i-Negative Margin (akukho maseli omdlavuza emngceleni) kanye ne -Negative Lymph Nodes (akukho maseli omdlavuza emaqhubu), lezo yizindaba ezinhle kakhulu.
- Uma unokungabaza noma imibuzo nganoma yini kulo mbiko, sicela ucele udokotela wakho ukuthi akucacisele. Asikho isidingo sokwesaba noma sokuba namahloni. Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba nolwazi olufanele.
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