Wake wezwa ngalo mkhuhlane oyingozi? Umkhuhlane Wokopha Obangelwa Yigazi eCrimea-Congo (CCHF)

Wake wezwa ngesifo esiyingozi esithwalwa yizimpukane? Lesi yisihloko esesabekayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela. Ngoba, sikhuluma ngesifo esibizwa ngokuthi iCrimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, noma `(Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever - CCHF)`. Lesi yisimo esibi esingaba yingozi empilweni ngezinye izikhathi. Ngakho ake sixoxe ngaso ngemininingwane ethe xaxa, akunjalo?

Iyini i-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)?

Kalula nje, i-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) yisifo esibangelwa yigciwane esidluliselwa kubantu ngamakhizane. Uma usithola, ngezinye izikhathi ungagula kakhulu. Lesi sifo sivame kakhulu e-Afrika, e-Asia, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nasezingxenyeni ezithile zaseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, abantu bahambahamba kakhulu kulezi zinsuku, akunjalo? Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuthi lesi sifo sisabalale kwezinye izindawo aphezulu.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi lesi sifo `(CCHF)` singabulala. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba nalesi sifo, noma uma unezimpawu, kufanele uye ngokushesha egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo lesibhedlela esiseduze. Kufanele ubatshele ukuthi usola ukuthi unesifo `(CCHF)`.

Ziyini izimpawu zomkhuhlane we-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic?

Izimpawu zalesi sifo zingaqala ngokuzumayo. Izimpawu zivame ukuvela zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-13 igciwane lingene emzimbeni. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu:

• Ngithola umkhuhlane omkhulu.
• Ubuhlungu bomzimba, ubuhlungu bomhlane, ubuhlungu besisu.
• Ikhanda elibuhlungu , ngezinye izikhathi elibi kakhulu.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Indle ekhululekile (uhudo).
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo, njengokutheleleka kwamehlo. Lokhu sikubiza ngokuthi `(conjunctivitis)`.
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi (hypotension).
• Ukuhlanza ubuso.
• Ukuphuzi kwesikhumba namehlo (i-jaundice).
• Ukopha ekhaleni noma ukopha ezinsinini.
• Ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa, ukukhathazeka, ukudideka.
• Ukuzwela ukukhanya, ubunzima bokubheka ukukhanya (i-photophobia).

Ezinsukwini ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngemva kokuqala kwalezi zimpawu zokuqala, kungase kuvele izimpawu ezibucayi kakhulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukopha ngokweqile kanye nemivimbo emikhulu emzimbeni wonke . Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bangase bangabi nazo izimpawu ngisho nangemva kokutheleleka ngaleli gciwane.

Iyini imbangela yalesi sifo `(CCHF)`?

Imbangela yalesi sifo igciwane elibizwa ngokuthi `(igciwane le-CCHF)`. Ngokuvamile lidluliselwa ngokulunywa yikhizane elithelelekile. Lingadluliselwa futhi ngokuxhumana nezilwane ezithelelekile noma ngokuxhumana eduze nabantu abathelelekile. Leli gciwane `(i-CCHF)` lingelomndeni wamagciwane `(i-Bunyaviridae). Amagciwane kulo mndeni angabangela umkhuhlane futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuqubuka kwesikhumba.

Lesi sifo `(CCHF)` sisakazeka kanjani?

Lesi sifo `(CCHF)` sisakazeka kakhulu ngalezi zindlela:

• Kusukela ekulunyweni yizimpukane ezinegciwane.
• Ngokuthintana negazi kanye nolunye uketshezi lomzimba lwezilwane ezinegciwane.
• Kusukela komunye umuntu kuya komunye.

Uketshezi noma izicubu zomzimba ezinegciwane zingafaka:

• Igazi
• Amathe
• Umchamo
• Indle
• Isidoda
• Uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane
• Amaconsi okuphefumula (aphuma lapho ukhwehlela noma uthimula)

Ingabe lesi sifo `(CCHF)` siyathelelana kusuka komunye umuntu kuya komunye?

Yebo, i-CCHF ingadluliselwa kusuka kumuntu iye komunye. Ingadluliselwa ngokuxhumana eduze nomuntu onegciwane, isibonelo ngokuxhawulana noma ukugona. Ingadluliselwa nangokuthinta izinto zomuntu siqu ezifana namathawula noma izingubo ezisetshenziswe ngumuntu onegciwane. Yingakho umuntu ogulayo ehlukaniswa futhi elashwa.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuthola lesi sifo `(CCHF)`?

Usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-CCHF uma:

• Uma uhlala endaweni lapho lesi sifo sivame khona futhi usebenza eduze nemfuyo. Isibonelo, uma ungudokotela wezilwane, usebenza epulazini lezilwane, noma usebenza esitolo senyama.
• Uma unakekela umuntu onesifo `(CCHF)`.
• Uma kukhona umuntu ekhaya lakho othole lesi sifo `(CCHF)`.
• Uma usebenza elabhorethri ecwaninga noma ehlola igciwane elithi `(CCHF)`. (Kodwa-ke, izindawo ezinjalo zivame ukuba nezinhlelo zokuchayeka.)

Hlobo luni lwezilwane oluthwala leli gciwane `(CCHF)`?

Imfuyo efana nezinkomo, izimvu, nezimbuzi ingaba negciwane (CCHF). Khumbula, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zilwane ezinegciwane zingase zingabonisi zimpawu zokugula. Lokhu kusho ukuthi zingase zibonakale ziphilile, kodwa igciwane lingase libe semizimbeni yazo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izingubo zokuzivikela kanye nemishini lapho usebenza nezilwane, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho i-CCHF idluliselwa khona ngamakhizane.

Yiziphi izinkinga zesifo `(CCHF)`?

Izinkinga ezingase zivele ngenxa ye-CCHF zimbi kakhulu. Bheka:

• Ukopha okukhulu.
• Ukuqala ukushaqeka.
• Ukwehluleka kwezitho zomzimba.
• Ukopha okuya ebuchosheni (ukuvuza kwegazi ebuchosheni).
• Ngisho nokufa kungenzeka.

Izinga lokufa kwabantu abane-CCHF liphezulu kakhulu. Izazi zezifo ezibangelwa yi-epidemiology zilinganisela ukuthi phakathi kuka-30% no-50% wabantu abathola i-CCHF bayafa.Kodwa-ke, kuthiwa futhi uma uthola lesi sifo hhayi ngenxa yemikhaza noma isilwane, kodwa esibhedlela (nosocomial), okungukuthi, uma usithola esibhedlela, ingozi yokufa inganda kakhulu.

Itholakala kanjani i-CCHF?

Odokotela baxilonga i-CCHF ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukutshela udokotela wakho uma usanda kuya endaweni lapho i-CCHF ivame khona, noma uma uke wathintana nomuntu noma isilwane ocabanga ukuthi singaba nalesi sifo.

Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa okukhethekile kwe-CCHF?

Ngeshwa, ayikho ikhambi le-CCHF. Odokotela bavame ukuyelapha ngomuthi wokulwa namagciwane obizwa ngokuthi i-ribavirin. Ungase udinge futhi:

• Ukumpontshelwa igazi.
• Ukunikeza umoya-mpilo owengeziwe noma ukunikeza umoya-mpilo owenziwe ngomshini.
• Uketshezi olufakwa emthanjeni (uketshezi lwe-IV).
• Eminye imithi yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nobuhlungu kanye nesicanucanu.

Kufanele ngiye nini eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo (i-ETU) ?

Uma unalezi zimpawu ezibucayi, iya ekamelweni lezimo eziphuthumayo eliseduze ngokushesha. Batshele ukuthi usola ukuthi ungaba ne-CCHF.

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu esifubeni, entanyeni, noma esiswini.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumula.
• Ukuhlanza noma uhudo olunzima.
• Ukuquleka .
• Ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Kungaba usizo ukubuza udokotela wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngingakuvimbela kanjani ukuthi leli gciwane lingasabalali kwabanye?
• Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha enginazo?
• Kufanele ngizinakekele kanjani?
• Kuzongithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi ngilulame?
• Yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma eziya ziba zimbi okufanele ngiziqaphele?
• Kufanele ngiphinde ngilandele nini nawe?

Ungacabanga ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma ngithola i-CCHF?

Uma ugula kakhulu nge-CCHF, odokotela bazokugcina esibhedlela futhi bakwelaphe ukuze balawule izimpawu nezinkinga zakho. Uzohlukaniswa nabanye abantu ukuze uvimbele igciwane ukuthi lingasabalali kwabanye.

Kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ukuthi uqale ukuzizwa ungcono. Ngesikhathi usalulama, ungase uqhubeke nokuba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, njengokuzizwa ukhathele nokuba nomkhuhlane. Ungase futhi ube nombono, ukuzwa, kanye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo. Lokhu kuvame ukuthuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kungathatha isikhathi. Uma ukhathazekile ngezimpawu zakho eziqhubekayo, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokufa ngenxa yesifo `(CCHF)`?

Akukho ucwaningo oluningi okwamanje mayelana nezimbangela eziqondile zokufa ngenxa ye-CCHF. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi izici ezilandelayo zingase zibe nomthelela ekufeni:

• Ukwehluleka kwezitho eziningi.
• Izinkinga ngenqubo yokujiya kwegazi.
• Amasosha omzimba awasabeli kahle egciwaneni.

Ingabe lesi sifo singalapheka?

Yebo, abanye abantu bayalulama ku-CCHF, ikakhulukazi uma ukugula kungekubi kakhulu. Kwezinye izimo, abantu baba nezimpawu ezincane kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ochwepheshe abangakaziqondi ngokugcwele, abanye abantu baba nesifo esibi kakhulu esingaba yingozi.

Ingabe i-CCHF ingavinjelwa?

Yebo, uma uhlala endaweni lapho i-CCHF ivame khona, ungenza okulandelayo ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola nokusabalalisa lesi sifo:

• Zivikele ezinkingeni:
• Gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela. Lokhu kusho ukugqoka imikhono emide namabhulukwe amade, nokufaka amabhulukwe akho emasokisini akho. Qaphela kakhulu uma uya ezindaweni ezinehlathi notshani obuningi.
• Sebenzisa amanethi omiyane.
• Sebenzisa isifutho sezimbungulu esivunyelwe ukuxosha imikhaza.
• Uma usebenza noma udlala ezindaweni lapho kungase kube khona amakhizane, zihlole njalo wena, abathandekayo bakho, kanye nezilwane ezifuywayo ukuze ubone ukuthi akhizane. Uma uthola ukuthi ikhizane linamathele esikhumbeni sakho, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

• Gwema ukuthintana ngqo negazi lomuntu kanye noketshezi lomzimba:
• Uma unakekela umuntu ongase abe ne-CCHF, gqoka imishini yokuzivikela efanele (i-PPE). Lokhu kufaka phakathi amagilavu, izibuko zamehlo, ama-apron, kanye nezifihla-buso.
• Gwema ukuthinta noma yiluphi uketshezi lomzimba lomuntu onjalo. Geza izandla zakho kahle ngemva kokuzithinta, noma ngabe ugqoke amagilavu.

• Gwema ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba wesilwane kanye nezicubu:
• Uma kufanele uphathe izilwane (eziphilayo noma ezifile) ocabanga ukuthi zingase zitheleleke, gqoka imishini yokuzivikela, noma ngabe azibonisi zimpawu zokugula.

• Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungaba ne-CCHF, hlala kude nabanye abantu. Uma ufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha ukuthi ungaba nalesi sifo.

Ingabe ukhona umuthi wokugomela lesi sifo `(CCHF)`?

Cha, okwamanje akukho muthi wokugomela i-CCHF. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi bebesebenza emthini wokugomela i-CCHF iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle kwale mithi yokugomela kuhlolwa ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Iyini i-Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)?Kungaba yisifo esibi kakhulu. Uma usengozini yokuthola isifo (CCHF) ngenxa yomsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, noma uhambo, kubalulekile ukukhuluma nodokotela mayelana nendlela ongazivikela ngayo. Ungafunda ngezinyathelo zokuvimbela nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma uba nezimpawu ezisolisayo.

Ungakhohlwa, uma unemibuzo, uma unezimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha. Yilokho okubaluleke kakhulu!

I- CCHF, umkhuhlane waseCrimea-Congo, izifo ezithwalwa yizimpukane, umkhuhlane wegazi, umkhuhlane wamagciwane, izifo ezithelelanayo, izifo zezilwane