Uma udokotela ekutshela ukuthi ingane yakho ine-ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) futhi ekutshela ukuthi uqale imithi yayo, kuyinto evamile ngawe njengomzali ukuzwa umthwalo omkhulu enhliziyweni yakho. "Kuzokwenzekani uma nginika ingane yami imithi?", "Ingabe lokhu kuzoyilimaza?", njll. Imibuzo eminingi cishe ifika engqondweni. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngalokhu ngamazwi alula ukuze siphendule imibuzo yakho. Sizochaza lezi zinto ngayinye ngayinye, njengoba nje ubungakhuluma nomngane wakho.
Ingabe ukwelashwa okufanayo kusebenza kuzo zonke izingane?
Cha. Lena yinto yokuqala okudingeka siyiqonde. Indlela ephathwa ngayo i-ADHD iyahlukahluka kuye ngengane. Cabanga nje, noma ngabe izingane eziyishumi ekilasini elifanayo zine-ADHD, uhlelo lokwelashwa olunikezwa zona zonke eziyishumi lungase luhluke. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi izimpawu zengane ngayinye, umthelela wayo, nezidingo zayo kuyahluka.
Odokotela bavame ukuhlela ukwelashwa okunje:
- Ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala: Ochwepheshe bavame ukuncoma ukuqala ngokwelashwa kokuziphatha ngaphambi kokunikeza imithi.
- Ezinganeni ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-6 ubudala: Ezinganeni zalobu budala, inhlanganisela yemithi kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha kubhekwa njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu.
Udokotela owelapha ingane yakho uzokhetha eyodwa efanela ingane yakho kakhulu kulezi zinketho.
- Mhlawumbe uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lomuthi olunikezwayo.
- Noma, inhlanganisela yemithi eminingana (esiyibiza ngokuthi ukwelashwa okungeziwe) inganikezwa.
- Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha kuvame ukunconywa kanye nemithi.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi udokotela angashintsha uhlobo lomuthi noma umthamo aze athole ukwelashwa okusebenza kahle enganeni yakho. Ngakho ungakhathazeki.
Yimiphi imithi eyinhloko esetshenziswayo ye-ADHD?
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemithi esetshenziswa ukwelapha i-ADHD. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini.
1. Izinto ezikhuthazayo
2. izinto ezingezona ezivuselelayo
3. Imithi yokucindezeleka
Manje ake sixoxe ngezinhlobo ngazinye zalezi ngokwehlukana, ngokuningiliziwe.
Ake sixoxe ngezinto ezivuselelayo kuqala.
Ngokuvamile, udokotela wakho uzoqala ingane yakho ngomthamo ophansi walolu hlobo lwemithi. Le mithi iyimithi yesikhathi eside, evivinywe kahle ye-ADHD. Ingaba usizo kakhulu ezinganeni ezinenkinga ngomsebenzi wesikole, umsebenzi wesikole, noma ukuxhumana nabantu.
Nakuba lezi zibizwa ngokuthi "izikhuthazi," ukuzithatha akumenzi umntwana abe yisiwula kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kwenzeka okuphambene nalokho. Le mithi isiza ukugcina ukunaka kwengane kugxile futhi imvimbe ekuphazamisekeni ngezinto ezingadingekile .
Imithi yohlobo lwe-stimulant
Nazi ezinye izibonelo zalolu hlobo lwemithi. Udokotela wakho angase akunike omunye wale mithi. (Akuwona wonke lawa mabhrendi angatholakala eSri Lanka, kodwa lena yimithi eyinhloko esetshenziswa emhlabeni jikelele.)
| Igama Elijwayelekile Lomuthi | Amagama Omkhiqizo |
|---|---|
| I-Amphetamine | I-Adderall, i-Adderall XR, i-Adzenys XR-ODT |
| I-Dexmethylphenidate | I-Focalin, i-Focalin XR |
| I-Lisdexamfetamine | I-Vyvanse |
| I-Methylphenidate | I-Concerta, i-Daytrana, i-Jornay, i-Ritalin |
| i-serdexmethylphenidate/ dexmethylphenidate | Ama-Azstarys |
Isikhathi sokusebenza kwalomuthi siyahlukahluka.
Le mithi evuselelayo ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana ngokusekelwe esikhathini sokusebenza.
- Okusebenza isikhathi esifushane:Lezi zisebenza ngokushesha futhi zikhishwa ngokushesha emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke kufanele uzithathe kaningana ngosuku. Ngokuvamile zihlala cishe amahora amane.
- Ukusebenza okuphakathi nendawo: Lokhu kusebenza amahora ambalwa isikhathi eside kunezo ezisebenza isikhathi esifushane.
- Isebenza isikhathi eside: Lolu hlobo lomuthi luvame ukuthathwa kanye ngosuku. Lungahlala cishe amahora angu-8-12. Lokhu kulula kakhulu ezinganeni zesikole ngoba zinganikwa owodwa ekuseni ukuze zimboze usuku lonke.
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Uma ingane yakho inezinye izimo zezokwelapha (isib. isifo senhliziyo), noma uma kukhona emndenini wakho onomlando wezimo ezinjalo, kufanele utshele udokotela wakho yonke imininingwane ngaphambi kokunikeza lo muthi.
Manje ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingezona izikhuthazi.
Lena imithi engavuseleli ingqondo. Ingasiza futhi ekugxiliseni ingqondo kwengane yakho kanye nokulawula imizwa yayo. Uma imithi evuseleli ingqondo ingasebenzi enganeni yakho, noma uma ibangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu, udokotela wakho angase ancome imithi engavuseleli ingqondo.
Ngezinye izikhathi lolu hlobo lomuthi lunikezwa ngaphezu komuthi ovuselelayo. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi uma lunikezwa ngale ndlela, impumelelo yokwelashwa iba nkulu nakakhulu.
| Imithi engavuseleli ivunyelwe i-ADHD | |
|---|---|
| I-Atomoxetine | (Strattera) |
| I-Clonidine hydrochloride ER | (Kapvay) |
| I-Guanfacine ER | (Intuniv) |
| I-Viloxazine | (Qelbree) |
- I-Atomoxetine (i-Strattera):Lo muthi usebenza ngokwandisa inani lekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi i-norepinephrine ebuchosheni. Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukusebenza ngokweqile kwengane kanye nokuziphatha okungazelelwe.
- I-Clonidine ne-Guanfacine: Le mithi yasungulwa ekuqaleni ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, kodwa futhi ithinta ama-receptor athile amakhemikhali ebuchosheni, okusiza ukulawula inkumbulo yengane, ukunaka, ukushesha, kanye nokusebenza ngokweqile.
Kukuziphi izimo lapho kunikezwa khona imithi yokucindezeleka?
Ezinye izingane ezine-ADHD zingase zibe nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo, njengokucindezeleka. Kulezi zimo, udokotela angase anikeze umuthi wokucindezeleka kanye nomuthi ovuselelayo.
Le mithi ayivunyelwe ngqo i-ADHD, kodwa izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ezifana nokusebenza ngokweqile kanye nolaka.
- I-Bupropion (i-Wellbutrin): Lokhu kusiza ukuthuthukisa isimo sengqondo sezingane ezine-ADHD kanye nokucindezeleka.
- I-Imipramine (iTofranil) kanye ne-Nortriptyline (i-Pamelor): Lezi yizidakamizwa zokucindezeleka ezindala. Zithinta ama-neurotransmitter ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, azisasetshenziswa kakhulu manje ngenxa yemiphumela emibi.
- I-Venlafaxine (i-Effexor): Lokhu kungasetshenziswa ezinganeni ezinezinkinga zokukhathazeka noma zengqondo kanye ne-ADHD.
Qaphela imiphumela emibi yemithi.
Imithi eminingi ye-ADHD ingaba nemiphumela emibi, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuqala ingane yakho ukusebenzisa noma yimuphi umuthi, buza udokotela wakho ngemiphumela emibi engaba khona nokuthi yini okufanele uyiqaphele.
Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezingavamile ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho ngenkathi ithatha imithi, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Futhi, tshela udokotela wakho uma imithi ibonakala ingasebenzi kahle noma uma imiphumela emibi ibonakala ingaphezu kwamandla.
Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yengane yakho ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ezinye izimo ezingase zihambisane ne-ADHD
Izingane eziningi ezine-ADHD nazo zinesinye isimo noma ezinye izimo, njengokucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka. Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi odokotela bangakwazi ukwelapha zombili izimo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuthi ofanayo ungalawula zombili izimo. Ngakho-ke vuleka futhi uthembeke kudokotela wakho nganoma yiziphi izinguquko oziqaphelayo ekuziphatheni kwengane yakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Ukwelashwa kwe-ADHD kuhlukile futhi kuhlukile kumntwana ngamunye. Okusebenza komunye umntwana kungase kungasebenzi komunye.
- Imithi iyingxenye eyodwa nje yohlelo lokwelashwa. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa kangcono kanye nokwelashwa kokuziphatha.
- Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemithi esetshenziswayo (Ama-stimulants, Ama-Non-stimulants, Ama-Antidepressants). Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ofanele kakhulu ingane yakho.
- Khuluma njalo nodokotela wengane yakho mayelana nendlela imithi yayo esebenza ngayo nokuthi ikhona yini imiphumela emibi. Lokho okubonayo kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni uhlelo lokwelashwa.
- Ungalokothi ushintshe noma uyeke umthamo wemithi yengane yakho ngaphandle kweseluleko sikadokotela.
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