Wake wazizwa sengathi ingxenye yomzimba wakho, mhlawumbe intamo yakho, ingalo, umlenze, noma ngisho nezinkophe zakho, ziyanyakaza ngokuzumayo, ziyanyakaza, noma zibhajwe esimweni esithile? Lokhu kungaba yinto engakhululekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ebuhlungu. Akuvamile ukuthi imisipha ihambe ngale ndlela ngaphandle kokulawula. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesimo sezinzwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-dystonia , esibangela lezi zimpawu kodwa akukhulunywa ngaso kabanzi emphakathini.
Iyini ngempela i-Dystonia?
Kalula nje, i-dystonia iyisifo sezinzwa esithinta ukunyakaza. Indlela imisipha yethu efinyela futhi iphumule ngayo ilawulwa izimpawu ezivela ebuchosheni. Kodwa-ke, ku-dystonia, kunenkinga ngokuxhumana phakathi kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa ku-basal ganglia, ingxenye ejulile yobuchopho elawula ukunyakaza. Ngenxa yalokho, imisipha ithola izimpawu ezingalungile futhi ifinyele ngokungalawuleki. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi izingxenye zomzimba zisonteke, zelule, futhi zibambeke endaweni eyodwa.
Lesi simo singathinta umsipha owodwa, iqembu lemisipha, noma umzimba wonke. Abanye abantu badidanisa lezi zimo ezimbili i-dystonia kanye ne-dyskinesia. I-Dyskinesia, nayo ewuhlobo lwe-dystonia, iyiqembu lokunyakaza okungazikhetheli, okubangelwa ukufinyela kwemisipha.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-dystonia?
Uphawu oluyinhloko ukufinyela kwemisipha okungalawuleki. Lokhu kungaba kusukela kokuncane kakhulu kuya kokukhulu kakhulu. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuba zimbi kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Nazi ezinye izimpawu ezivamile ezingabonakala ezigabeni zokuqala:
- Ukuzizwa sengathi umlenze owodwa uyahudula uma uhamba.
- Ukuklwebha njalo izithende zezinyawo.
- Ukudonsa noma ukusonta intamo ohlangothini olulodwa ngokungalawuleki.
- Ukucwayiza okungalawuleki.
- Ubunzima bokukhuluma.
- Ngemva kokuqala ukubhala, ukubhala kwakho ngesandla kuba kubi noma isandla sakho siqale ukubuhlungu.
- Ukuthuthumela kwezingxenye zomzimba.
Lezi zimpawu zingase zivele noma zibe zimbi kakhulu ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka noma ukukhathala. Lezi ziguli nazo zizwa ubuhlungu nokukhathala ngenxa yokufinyela kwemisipha njalo.
Ukukhula kwezimpawu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi lesi simo siqala nini.
- Ngesikhathi sobuntwana:Izimpawu zivame ukuqala engalweni noma emlenzeni, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingasakazekela emzimbeni wonke.
- Kwabantu abadala abasebasha: Izimpawu zivame ukuqala emzimbeni ongaphezulu (isib., entanyeni, ezingalweni). Izimpawu zisakazeka kancane kancane.
Ziyini izimbangela ze-dystonia?
Iningi lama-dystonia alinazo izizathu ezithile, kodwa odokotela bahlukanisa lesi simo ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko.
1. I-Genetic Dystonia
Lokhu kubangelwa yiphutha ezakhiweni zofuzo ezizuzwe kubazali. Kuye kwatholakala izakhi zofuzo eziningana ezihlotshaniswa ne-dystonia. Isibonelo, izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo ezifana ne-DYT1, DYT5, kanye ne-DYT6 zingabangela lesi simo. Ezinye zalezi zinhlobo zingaqala ebuntwaneni futhi zingabangela ngisho nokukhubazeka okukhulu.
2. I-Acquired Dystonia
Lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-dystonia yesibili. Kubangelwa umonakalo engxenyeni yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuthi i-basal ganglia. Lo monakalo ungabangelwa izinto ezifana nalezi:
- Ukulimala Kobuchopho
- Isifo sohlangothi
- Isimila sobuchopho
- Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo ebuchosheni ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ngesinye isikhathi
- Ukutheleleka kobuchopho
- Ubuthi obubangelwa ukugwinya i-carbon monoxide noma izinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana nomthofu. (Uma usola ukuthi kukhona ubuthi, xhumana ngokushesha ne-National Poisons Information Centre e-Colombo National Hospital.)
- Ukusabela emithini ethile (i-Tardive Dystonia). Lokhu ngokuvamile kungokwesikhashana.
3. I-Idiopathic Dystonia
Igama elithi idiopathic lisho ukuthi "akukho sizathu esingatholakala." Abantu abaningi abane-dystonia baba nalesi simo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ze-dystonia?
I-Dystonia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana kuye ngokuthi ingxenye yomzimba iyithinta kanjani. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono isimo sakho.
| Uhlobo lwe-Dystonia | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Cervical Dystonia | Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Lubizwa nangokuthi i-torticollis, luthinta imisipha yentamo, okubangela ukuba ikhanda lidonswe ohlangothini olulodwa, lijike, noma lithambekele phambili noma emuva. |
| I-Blepharospasm | Kuthinta imisipha ezungeze amehlo. Kuqala ngokucwayiza okungalawuleki, futhi ngezinye izikhathi amehlo angase ahlale evalwe kahle. Ngisho noma umbono umuhle, amehlo avaliwe, okwenza kubonakale sengathi othile uyimpumputhe. |
| I-Laryngeal Dystonia | Kuthinta imisipha yezintambo zezwi emphinjeni ezikusiza ukuthi ukhulume. Izwi lakho lingase libe buthaka, lihoshozele, noma libe nomsindo wokukhala, okwenza kube nzima ngabanye ukuliqonda. |
| I-Oromandibular Dystonia | Kuthinta imisipha yomhlathi, izindebe, nolimi, okubangela ubunzima bokukhuluma nokugwinya. |
| I-Dystonia Eqondene Nomsebenzi | Lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi semisebenzi ethile ephindaphindwayo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi izinhlungu zomlobi, ezenzeka kuphela lapho ebhala, noma ukungakhululeki okuzwiwa yilabo abadlala izinsimbi zomculo. |
Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha i-dystonia?
Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-dystonia okwamanje. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela eziningana zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu futhi zenze impilo ibe lula. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe.
Imithi
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithi ezisiza ukulawula ukufinyela kwemisipha ngokunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwezimpawu ezingalungile ebuchosheni.
- Izidakamizwa ezithinta uhlelo lwe-dopamine: Izidakamizwa ezifana ne-'Levodopa'.
- Imithi yokulwa ne-cholinergic: Imithi efana ne-`Trihexyphenidyl`.
- Imithi elawula i-GABA: Imithi efana ne-`Baclofen`, `Clonazepam`.
- Umjovo We-Botulinum Toxin:Lokhu kungenye yezindlela zokwelapha eziphumelela kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ezimweni eziningi. Kwaziwa ngokuthi 'i-Botox'. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka lo muthi ngqo emisipheni ethintekile. Lokhu kwenza imisipha ibe buthaka okwesikhashana futhi kumise ukufinyela okungafuneki. Lo mjovo kufanele unikezwe udokotela oqeqeshiwe cishe kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3.
Ukuhlinzwa
Ukuhlinzwa kubhekwa ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu ezingenakukwazi ukulawulwa ngemithi.
- Ukukhuthazwa Kobuchopho Okujulile (i-DBS): Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka i-electrode endaweni ethintekile yobuchopho bese uyixhuma nebhethri ngaphansi kwesikhumba sesifuba. Ama-pulse kagesi amancane aphuma kule electrode alawula izimpawu ezingavamile ebuchosheni futhi anciphise ukufinyela kwemisipha.
Ezinye Izindlela Zokwelapha
- Ukwelashwa Komzimba: Kusiza ukuqinisa imisipha, ukwenza izivivinyo zokuzelula, nokwandisa ububanzi bokunyakaza.
- Ukwelashwa Komsebenzi: Kukusiza ukuthi wenze imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokugqoka nokudla kalula.
- Ukwelapha Ngenkulumo: Kusiza abantu abanezinkinga zezwi ukuthi bakhulume kalula.
Izinto ongazenza ekhaya
Kanye nokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, kunezinto eziningana ongayenza wena ukuze unciphise izimpawu.
- Faka ukucindezela okushisayo noma okubandayo emisipheni ebuhlungu.
- Nciphisa ukucindezeleka. Izinto ezifana nokuzivocavoca okujulile nokuzindla kungasiza.
- Zama lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “amaqhinga okuzwa.” Abanye abantu bangamisa okwesikhashana ukudikiza noma ukudikiza ngokuthinta kancane imisipha edikiza noma indawo eseduze.
- Ngokuphathelene nokudla, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi noma yikuphi ukudla okuthile kuthinta i-dystonia. Kodwa-ke, i-caffeine iyisikhuthazo futhi ingandisa izimpawu kwabanye abantu. Ngakho-ke ungase uthande ukucabanga ngokunciphisa izinto ezifana netiye nekhofi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinkulu ekudleni, qiniseka ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Dystonia yisimo sezinzwa lapho imisipha ifinyela khona ngokungalawuleki ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle kwezimpawu zobuchopho.
- Lesi simo singabangelwa izakhi zofuzo, ukulimala kobuchopho, noma ngaphandle kwesizathu nhlobo.
- Izimpawu ezinjengokuqina kwentamo, ukuvala amehlo ngokungazi, kanye nobuhlungu esandleni lapho ubhala yizona zimpawu eziyinhloko.
- Ukwelashwa okufana nemithi, imijovo ye-Botox, ukuhlinzwa kwe-DBS, kanye nokwelashwa ngokomzimba kungalawula ngempumelelo izimpawu.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekene nalezi zimpawu, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukubonana nodokotela wezinzwa ukuze athole ukuxilongwa okunembile kanye nohlelo lokwelashwa.
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