Kumelwe ukuba uzwile nge-Ebola ku-TV nasezindabeni, akunjalo? Uma sizwa lelo gama, kufika isithombe sesifo esesabekayo nesisabekayo engqondweni yethu. Nakuba sisakazeke emazweni ase-Afrika, kubaluleke kakhulu kithi sonke, noma kuphi emhlabeni, ukuba nolwazi oluyisisekelo ngezifo eziyingozi kangaka. Ngakho-ke, namuhla, ake sixoxe kalula nangokucacile ngalesi Sifo Segciwane Le-Ebola (EVD).
Iyini ngempela i-Ebola?
Kalula nje, i-Ebola iyisifo esingavamile kodwa esiyingozi esibangela izimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane ophakeme, izinhlungu zomzimba, isifo sohudo, kanye nokopha okukhulu ngezinye izikhathi ngaphakathi nangaphandle komzimba. Ibangelwa yiqembu lamagciwane abizwa ngokuthi i-Ebola.
Uma leli gciwane lingena emzimbeni, lilimaza amasosha omzimba wethu kanye nezitho zangaphakathi . Ekugcineni, amazinga amangqamuzana asiza ukujiya kwegazi (ama-platelet) ethu abe phansi ngendlela eyingozi. Yingakho siqala ukopha ngokungalawuleki.
Lesi sifo saqala ukutholakala e-Afrika ngo-1976. Amacala okuqala abikwa edolobhaneni eliseduze noMfula i-Ebola eDemocratic Republic of the Congo. Yingakho sathola igama elithi "Ebola". Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi leli gciwane lihlala emizimbeni yezilwane ezifana namalulwane ezithelo. Lezi zilwane zingathwala leli gciwane ngaphandle kokugula. Kodwa-ke, lezi zilwane zingalidlulisela kwezinye izilwane nakubantu.
Umuntu uyithola kanjani i-Ebola?
Into yokuqala okufanele uyisho ukuthi i-Ebola ayisona isifo esibangelwa umoya njengomkhuhlane ovamile noma umkhuhlane. Awukwazi ukusithola emoyeni owuphefumulayo.
Lesi sifo sisakazeka lapho umuntu ethinta igazi, uketshezi, noma izitho zesilwane (njengenkawu, i-chimpanzee, noma ilulwane lezithelo) elitheleleke ngaleli gciwane. Lokhu kungenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ngokulungiselela noma ngokudla inyama yesilwane esithelelekile.
Uma umuntu esenesifo, singasakazeka sisuka kulowo muntu siye komunye umuntu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuthintana ngqo noketshezi lomzimba wesiguli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu onakekela isiguli, noma umuntu ongcwaba umuntu oshonile ngenxa yalesi sifo, angathola lesi sifo uma ethinta igazi lakhe noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba. Igciwane lingena emizimbeni yethu ngokusikeka noma amanxeba esikhumbeni, noma ngamehlo, ekhaleni, noma emlonyeni.
| Uketshezi lomzimba kanye nokukhishwa okungase kube negciwane le-Ebola | |
|---|---|
| • Igazi | • Ukuhlanza |
| • Ukujuluka | • Ubisi lwebele |
| • Izinyembezi | • Isidoda |
| • Umchamo | • Uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane |
| • Indle/Indle | • Uketshezi lokukhulelwa |
Okubalulekile: Igciwane lingahlala emzimbeni womuntu oselulame ku-Ebola, ikakhulukazi esidodaneni nasebisini lebele, amasonto noma izinyanga. Ngakho-ke, kunengozi yokudluliselwa ngocansi kanye nokuncelisa isikhathi esithile ngemva kokululama.
Ziyini izimpawu zalokhu?
Izimpawu ze-Ebola zifana kakhulu nezezifo ezivamile njenge-flu kanye nomkhuhlane. Izimpawu zingavela phakathi kwezinsuku ezi-2 nezingama-21 ngemuva kokungena kwegciwane emzimbeni.
| Isigaba sezimpawu | Izici ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zesigaba sokuqala | • Umkhuhlane omkhulu • Ikhanda elibuhlungu • Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga • Umphimbo obuhlungu • Ukukhathala okukhulu kanye nokudinwa • Ubuhlungu besisu kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla |
| Uma isifo siba sibi kakhulu | • Ukopha ngaphakathi emzimbeni • Ukopha okuvela emehlweni, ezindlebeni, nasekhaleni • Ukuhlanza igazi noma uhudo olunegazi • Ukuqubuka kwesikhumba |
Kuyini ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo?
Kunzima ukuqiniseka ukuthi yi-Ebola ngokubheka nje izimpawu. Yingakho odokotela benza izivivinyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho ezinye izifo ezifana nomalaleveva noma ikholera. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nezicubu kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola i-Ebola.
Uma umuntu eqinisekisiwe ukuthi une-Ebola, uhlukaniswa ngokushesha nabanye futhi ukwelashwa kuqala ukuvimbela ukusabalala kwalesi sifo.
Izindlela zokwelapha
Akukabikho "ikhambi" eliqinisekile le-Ebola. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokwelapha eziningana kanye nemithi evunyelwe engalawula izimpawu futhi yandise amathuba okusindisa impilo yesiguli.
- Ukunakekelwa Okusekelayo: Lena yinto ebaluleke kakhulu.
- Ukunikeza umzimba uketshezi oludingekayo kanye nosawoti (usawoti)
- Ukunikeza umoya-mpilo
- Ukulawula umfutho wegazi
- ukumpontshelwa igazi uma kudingeka
- Imithi yokuhlanza nohudo
- Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu nomkhuhlane
- Imithi Evunyiwe: Imithi emibili, i-Inmazeb ne-Ebanga, ivunyelwe ukwelapha uhlobo lwe-Zaire lwegciwane le-Ebola. Lawa angama-antibodies e-monoclonal. Anikezwa ngemithambo yegazi.
Ungazivikela kanjani ku-Ebola?
Thina eSri Lanka akudingeki sikhathazeke kakhulu ngalokhu ngoba ukuqubuka kwe-Ebola kubikwe kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika. Kodwa njengoba abantu behamba umhlaba wonke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi singazivikela kanjani ezifweni ezinjalo.
- Gwema ukuthintana noketshezi lomzimba: Ungathintani ngqo negazi lesiguli, ukuhlanza, umchamo, noma ukujuluka.
- Gwema imishini ethelelekile: Ungathinti izinto ezifana nezingubo zokulala, izingubo, nezinaliti ezisetshenziswa yisiguli.
- Geza izandla zakho njalo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugeza izandla zakho kahle ngensipho bese usebenzisa isihlanzi sezandla esinotshwala.
- Gwema ukuthintana nezilwane: Gwema ukuthinta izilwane ezifana namalulwane nezinkawu ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona i-Ebola.
- Ukuvikelwa okukhethekile kwabasebenzi bezempilo: Uma ungumsebenzi wezempilo, kufanele ugqoke imaski, amagilavu, izibuko, kanye nezingubo zokuzivikela ezikhethekile (izingubo) lapho welapha isiguli se-Ebola.
- Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Ngemva Kokuhamba: Uma uke waya ezweni elinokuqubuka kwe-Ebola, qapha izimpawu zakho izinsuku ezingu-21. Uma uba nezimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane noma ikhanda elibuhlungu, tshela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.
Ingabe ikhona imithi yokugomela i-Ebola?
Yebo, kunemithi emibili yokugoma enelayisensi yokuvikela i-Ebola.
1. I-Ervebo:Lona umuthi wokugomela owodwa. Usetshenziselwa ukulawula ukusabalala kwalesi sifo ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwe-Ebola.
2. I-Zabdeno ne-Mvabea: Lona umuthi wokugomela onemithamo emibili. Ngokuvamile usetshenziselwa ukuvikela abantu abasengozini (njengabasebenzi bezempilo) ngaphambi kokuqubuka kwesifo.
Le mithi yokugoma ayinikezwa umphakathi jikelele. Isetshenziselwa abantu abasengozini enkulu ezindaweni lapho i-Ebola ivame khona.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Ebola iyisifo esingavamile kodwa esiyingozi kakhulu esibangelwa yigciwane. Sibonakala kakhulu emazweni ase-Afrika.
- Lesi sifo asisabalaliswa ngomoya , kodwa sisakazwa ngokuxhumana ngqo noketshezi lomzimba (igazi, ukuhlanza, ukujuluka) komuntu noma isilwane esinalesi sifo.
- Nakuba izimpawu zokuqala zingase zifane nomkhuhlane ojwayelekile, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, umzimba ungase uqale ukuphuma igazi.
- Ukuzivikela kuyinto engcono kakhulu ongayenza. Ukugeza izandla njalo nokugwema ukuthintana nabantu abanegciwane kanye noketshezi lwabo lomzimba kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Uma uke waya endaweni lapho i-Ebola isakazeka khona futhi uba nanoma yiziphi izimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
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