Ingabe ungumama ozayo? Noma uhlela ukwengeza ilungu elisha emndenini wakho ? Khona-ke kufanele uqaphele leli qiniso. Ngoba ngisho notshwala obuncane obuphuzwa ngumama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa bungathinta impilo yonke yengane esibelethweni. Namuhla sikhuluma ngesinye isimo esibi kangaka, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, noma i-FAS.
Iyini ngempela i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?
Kalula nje, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) iyisifo esibi kakhulu eqenjini leziphambeko zokuzalwa ezingase zenzeke enganeni ezelwe ngumama ophuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Lezi zimo zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). Kulesi simo, utshwala obuphuzwa ngumama budlulela ngqo enganeni ngentambo yesisu.
Cabanga ngakho, isibindi sethu esikhulile siyaphuka futhi sicubungule utshwala. Kodwa isibindi somntwana esisesibelethweni asikakhuli ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke utshwala bulimaza umzimba womntwana ngokuqondile, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho obusakhula, inhliziyo, nezinye izitho zomzimba.
I-F AS iwuhlobo olubi kakhulu lwalo monakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase kube nezinye izimo ezithambile. Isibonelo:
- częściowe płodowe zespo kenda alkolwe (Partial fetal alcohol syndrome)
- i-alkoholowe wady wrodzone (ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa okuhlobene notshwala)
- ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa okuhlobene notshwala
Umthelela enganeni kuzo zonke lezi zimo uyahlukahluka. Nakuba ezinye izingane zingase zibe nemiphumela emincane, ezinye zingase zibe nezinkinga ezinkulu ezihlala impilo yonke.
Kungani ngisho notshwala obuncane buyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi "kulungile ukuphuza kancane." Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi, asikho isilinganiso esiphephile sotshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Futhi ungacabangi ukuthi "kulungile ukuphuza kuphela ngalesi sikhathi." Asikho isikhathi esiphephile sokuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Ikota Yokuqala: Lesi yisikhathi lapho izitho eziyinhloko zomntwana, njengobuchopho, inhliziyo, kanye nezitho zomzimba, ziqala ukukhula. Umonakalo ongaba khona ngokuphuza utshwala phakathi nalesi sikhathi mkhulu kakhulu.
- Izinyanga Zesibili Nezintathu: Ubuchopho bomntwana buyaqhubeka nokukhula phakathi nalezi zikhathi. Ngakho-ke, ukuphuza utshwala phakathi nalesi sikhathi kungathinta ngqo ikhono lokufunda lomntwana, ukuziphatha kwakhe, kanye nokukhula kwengqondo.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma ukhulelwe, usola ukuthi ukhulelwe, noma ukhulelwe, kufanele uyeke ngokuphelele ukuphuza noma yiluphi uhlobo lotshwala (iwayini, ubhiya, utshwala).
Ngaphezu kwe-FAS, ukuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela ezinye izingozi eziningi:
- Ukuphuphuma Kwesisu: Ingane ingase ilahleke ezinyangeni zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa kwengane ifile: Ingane ingashona esibelethweni phakathi nengxenye yesibili yokukhulelwa.
- Ukubeletha Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi: Ingane ingase izalwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Izingane ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zingaba nezinkinga eziningi zempilo, njengobunzima bokuphefumula nezinkinga zokukhula kobuchopho.
Ziyini izimpawu zengane ene-FAS?
Ingane ene-FAS ingase ibhekane nezinkinga eziningi zomzimba, zezinzwa, nezokuziphatha. Lezi zimpawu zingase zihluke kuye ngengane.
| Uhlobo oluyisici | Izinto okufanele uzibone |
|---|---|
| Umehluko Womzimba | |
| Ukubukeka kobuso | Amehlo amancane, udebe olungaphezulu oluncane kakhulu, ukuntuleka komugqa ocacile phakathi kwekhala nodebe oluphezulu. |
| Ukukhula | Ukuba mfishane futhi ukhuluphele kunezingane ezivamile, futhi unekhanda elincane. |
| Ezinye izinkinga | Ukukhubazeka kokubona noma ukuzwa, izinguquko emathanjeni, emalungeni naseminweni, izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zezinso. |
| Izimpawu Zezinzwa | |
| Ukukhubazeka kokufunda | I-Quotient ephansi yokuhlakanipha (IQ), ubunzima bokukhumbula, kanye nobunzima ngezifundo ezifana nezibalo. |
| Inkulumo nokunyakaza | Ukulibaziseka kwenkulumo, izinkinga ngokulinganisela komzimba kanye nokuxhumana. |
| Ikhono lokucabanga | Ubunzima bokuqonda imbangela nomphumela, ukushintshashintsha kwemizwa njalo. |
| Izimpawu Zokuziphatha | |
| Ukunaka | Ukungakhathali, izinkinga zokunaka. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kungaphambaniswa ne-ADHD. |
| Ukulawula imizwelo | Ukungakhathali, ukucasuka okusheshayo, ubunzima bokuzithulisa. |
| Ukulala | Izinkinga zokulala nokuncelisa ebuntwaneni. |
Ukuxilonga nokwelapha lesi simo
Akukho ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungaqinisekisa i-FAS. Udokotela uxilonga lesi simo ngokubheka ngokucophelela izici zomzimba wengane, ukukhula kwayo, kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha . Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi umama uphuze utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nokuthi uma kunjalo, bungakanani.
Into ebalulekile ukuthi lesi simo asikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, ukusibona kusenesikhathi ngangokunokwenzeka (ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-6) nokuhlinzeka ngokwelashwa nokusekelwa okudingekayo kungathuthukisa kakhulu intuthuko yengane kanye nekusasa layo.
Izindlela zokwelapha zixazulula izinkinga eziqondene ngqo nengane.
- Ukwelapha: Ukwelapha ngenkulumo kanye nokwelapha ngokomsebenzi kusiza ekuthuthukiseni amakhono engane okukhuluma, okufundayo, kanye nokuxhumana nabantu.
- Imithi: Ayikho imithi ethile ye-FAS, kodwa udokotela angakunikeza imithi efanele yokulawula izimpawu ezifana nokusebenza ngokweqile, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nokukhathazeka.
- Ukusekela abazali: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunikeza abazali ukuqeqeshwa nokwelulekwa ngendlela yokuphatha ukuziphatha kwengane yabo. Uma umama emlutha wotshwala, ukuthola ukwelashwa kwakhe kungasiza ekuvimbeleni enye ingane ukuthi ingabi nalesi simo esikhathini esizayo futhi kusize ingane yamanje ukuthi inakekelwe kahle.
Ungayivimbela kanjani i-FAS?
Lona umyalezo omuhle nobaluleke kakhulu kulesi sihloko. I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome yisimo esingavinjelwa ngokuphelele. Kunye kuphela okufanele ukwenze.
Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ngesikhathi uzama ukukhulelwa, nanganoma yisiphi isikhathi lapho kukhona izinsolo zokukhulelwa.
Uma ucabanga ukuthi unenkinga ngotshwala, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza isiqondiso osidingayo. Ungavumeli iphutha elincane kuwe lonakalise impilo yonke yengane engenacala.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) ibangelwa kuphela umama ophuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
- Akukho silinganiso "esiphephile" noma isikhathi "esiphephile" sokuphuza utshwala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Ngisho notshwala obuncane bungaba yingozi.
- Lesi simo sibangela umonakalo ohlala njalo emzimbeni wengane, ebuchosheni nasekuziphatheni kwayo okuyithinta impilo yayo yonke.
- I-FAS ayikwazi ukwelapheka ngokuphelele, kodwa ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu impilo yengane.
- Lokhu kungavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokugwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
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