Uma uthola ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ingabe udokotela ukutshela ukuthi "izinga le-calcium egazini lakho liphezulu kancane"? Kujwayelekile ukuzizwa wesaba kancane uma uzwa lokho. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Lesi simo yilokho esikubiza ngezokwelapha ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia . Kalula nje, kusho ukuthi une-calcium eningi egazini lakho kunalokho okufanele ibe yikho. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu kalula nangendlela enobungane namuhla.
Kuyini ngempela i-hypercalcemia?
I-calcium ibalulekile emizimbeni yethu, ikakhulukazi ekuqiniseni amathambo namazinyo ethu. Iyadingeka futhi ukuze isimiso sethu sezinzwa nemisipha sisebenze kahle. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yini enye, i-calcium eningi emzimbeni ayilungile.
Uma izinga le-calcium egazini lakho liphezulu kancane, ungase ungaboni zimpawu. Kodwa njengoba izinga likhuphuka, umzimba wethu uzama ukususa le calcium eyengeziwe emchameni. Ngakho-ke ungase uhlangabezane nezinto ezifana nalezi:
- Isidingo sokuchama njalo.
- Ukuzizwa womile kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
Uma amazinga e-calcium eba phezulu kakhulu, kungathinta isimiso sethu sezinzwa, kubangele ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuze kuphele .
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma lesi simo singalashwa, singagcina siholele ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu njengokulahlekelwa amathambo, amatshe ezinso, ukwehluleka kwezinso, kanye nesifo senhliziyo . Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu, ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho, bese uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo.
Yiziphi izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu?
Nakuba kunezimbangela ezingaphezu kuka-25 ze-calcium ephezulu egazini, ezingama-90% zazo zenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili eziyinhloko.
1. Izindlala ze-Parathyroid ezisebenza ngokweqile
Lena imbangela evame kakhulu ye-hypercalcemia. Izindlala ze-parathyroid ziyizindlala ezine ezincane ezitholakala entanyeni yethu, ngemuva kwendlala ye-thyroid . Zisebenza njenge-thermostat elawula i-calcium.
Uma izinga le-calcium egazini lehla, la ma-gland akhipha i-parathyroid hormone (PTH).Kukhiqizwa i-PTH . Le hormone itshela amathambo ethu ukuthi "akhiphe i-calcium eningi egazini," izinso zethu "zinciphise ukuphuma kwe-calcium emchameni," kanye namathumbu ethu ukuthi "amunce i-calcium eningi ekudleni."
Kodwa-ke, uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yalezi zindlala zisebenza ngokweqile, zikhiqiza i-PTH eningi kunokudingekile. Lokhu kungabangela ukuthi izinga le-calcium egazini likhuphuke ngokungadingekile. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yokwanda kwezindlala noma ukwakheka kwesimila esingesona umdlavuza.
Uma une-Hypercalcemia ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nalezi:
- Ukucindezeleka
- Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
- Isilungulela
- Izinkinga zokulala
- Ubuhlungu emathanjeni nasemisipheni
- Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo
Njengokwelashwa, udokotela wakho uvame ukuncoma ukususwa kwendlala noma ama-gland athintekile ngokuhlinzwa. Uma isimo singesibi kakhulu, ungaqapha isimo sakho ngokuhlola njalo amazinga akho e-calcium, umfutho wegazi, kanye nempilo yezinso.
2. Umdlavuza
I-Hypercalcemia ingenzeka ku-10%-30% weziguli ezinomdlavuza. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eminye imidlavuza:
- Amathambo angaqhekeka, kukhishwe i-calcium egazini.
- Kungakhiqiza into esebenza njenge-hormone ye-PTH futhi ibonise ukukhishwa kwe-calcium emathanjeni.
- Kungathinta ukusebenza kwezinso futhi kunciphise inani le-calcium ekhishwa emchameni.
Izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa ne-hypercalcemia yilezi:
- Umdlavuza wamaphaphu
- Umdlavuza wezinso
- Umdlavuza webele
- I-Multiple myeloma - Uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi oluqala emnkantsheni wethambo.
I-Hypercalcemia ebangelwa umdlavuza ingaba nzima ukuyilawula. Into eyinhloko ukwelapha umdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho angakunika imithi efana ne-"Bisphosphonates" noma i-"Denosumab" njenge-intravenous (IV) noma umjovo wokulawula ukukhishwa kwe-calcium emathanjeni.
Indlela amavithamini kanye nezithasiselo ezithinta ngayo
Ngezinye izikhathi amavithamini kanye nezithasiselo esizisebenzisayo nazo zingaba yimbangela yalokhu.
| Isengezo/Ivithamini | Indlela okuthinta ngayo |
|---|---|
| Izithasiselo zeCalcium kanye nama-Antacid | Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile nangokuqhubekayo kwamaphilisi athile e-antacid kanye ne-calcium asetshenziselwa i-gastritis kungabangela ukwanda kwe-calcium egazini. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi (i-Milk-alkali syndrome) . Lokhu kungalimaza nezinso. |
| I-Vitamin D | I-Vitamin D isiza imizimba yethu ukuthi imunce i-calcium. Kodwa-ke, uma uthatha imithamo ephezulu kakhulu ye-vitamin D izinyanga eziningana (isibonelo, ama-IU angu-60,000 ngosuku), amazinga akho e-calcium angaba phezulu kakhulu. Awutholi i-vitamin D eningi kangaka ekudleni okuvamile noma elangeni. |
| I-Vitamin A | Ukuthatha i-vitamin A eningi kakhulu kungabangela ukuthi i-calcium eningi ikhishwe emathanjeni bese iqongelela egazini. |
Khumbula, uma uthatha noma yimaphi amavithamini noma izithasiselo, qiniseka ukuthi utshela udokotela wakho ngazo. Ungaqali noma uyeke noma yini ngaphandle kokukhuluma naye kuqala.
Ezinye izizathu nezimo eziphuthumayo
Ezinye izinto ezingathinta
- Eminye imithi: Eminye imithi yomfutho wegazi ophakeme (isib., imithi yokukhipha isisu i-thiazide) kanye nemithi yokugula kwengqondo, njenge-lithium, ingakhuphula amazinga e-calcium.
- Izakhi zofuzo: Akuvamile kakhulu, lokhu kungabangelwa yisimo sofuzo esibizwa ngokuthi i-Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia (FHH).
- Izimo zempilo: Izifo zamaphaphu ezifana nesifo sofuba, izimo ezifana ne-thyroid esebenza ngokweqile.
- Ukungasebenzi ngokomzimba: Lesi simo singase senzeke nakubantu abahlala embhedeni isikhathi eside ngenxa yesimo esifana nokukhubazeka noma esinye isifo. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi lapho amathambo engasizwa isisindo somzimba, i-calcium iyakhishwa emathanjeni.
- Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni Okukhulu: Uma kungekho manzi anele emzimbeni, izinso azikwazi ukukhipha i-calcium eningi.
Kunini lapho lokhu kuyisimo esiphuthumayo?
Izinga le-calcium egazini elijwayelekile kumuntu omdala kufanele libe phakathi kuka-8.5 - 10.3 mg/dL. Uma leli zinga liphezulu kakhulu, kuyisimo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.
Uma ngokuzumayo uzwa ukudideka okukhulu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, ukuhlanza, noma ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu , kungaba uphawu lwesimo esibi esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypercalcemia. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kufanele uye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha . Lapho, unganikezwa uketshezi lwe-IV kanye nemithi yokulawula amazinga akho e-calcium ngokushesha.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-Hypercalcemia izinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini. Ivame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe ngesinye isizathu.
- Imbangela evame kakhulu yalokhu inkinga ngezindlala ze-parathyroid noma umdlavuza, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola imbangela eqondile.
- Ungesabi uma uthola ukuthi i-calcium egazini lakho iphezulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho, uthole imbangela, bese uqala ukwelashwa okufanele ngayo.
- Ungasebenzisi amavithamini, amaphilisi e-calcium, noma ezinye izithako ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.
- Uma uba nezimpawu ezinzima njengokudideka noma ukulahlekelwa ingqondo, kuyisimo esiphuthumayo. Yiya eMnyangweni Wezimo Eziphuthumayo wesibhedlela (ETU) ngokushesha.
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