Ababusi abancane abayimfihlo bemizimba yethu: Ingabe kufanele sixoxe ngama-chromosome nje?

Sawubona! Unjani? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngento emangalisayo nebalulekile engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, kodwa asicabangi kakhulu ngayo. Wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani umbala wamehlo akho ufana nokanyoko, noma umbala wezinwele zakho ufana nokayihlo? Mhlawumbe othile uke wathi ukumamatheka kwakho kufana nokwamamezala wakho, akunjalo? Ama-chromosome ayinto exhunywe kuzo zonke lezi zinto, futhi atholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye ezincane zemizimba yethu. Ngisho noma igama lingase lizwakale njengento enkulu, ungakhathazeki, lokhu kuyinto engaqondwa kalula. Ake sixoxe ngakho namuhla, njengokukhuluma nomngane.

Ayini ngempela lawa maseli? Ake siqale lapho!

Cabanga ngomzimba wakho wonke njengendlu enkulu, enhle. Le ndlu yenziwe ngezitini ezincane eziyizigidigidi. Asikwazi ukubona noma yisiphi isitini sodwa, kodwa uma sizihlanganisa, singakha indlu enkulu. Ngendlela efanayo, imizimba yethu yenziwe ngezingxenye ezincane, ezingabonakali. Lawa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi amaseli . Lawa maseli mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi sidinga ithuluzi elikhethekile, i-microscope, ukuze siwabone.

Lawa maseli atholakala esikhumbeni sethu, enhliziyweni, ebuchosheni , emehlweni, nakuyo yonke indawo emzimbeni wethu. Kufana nokuthi yonke ikamelo nodonga endlini lwenziwe ngezitini. Iseli ngalinye linomsebenzi walo othize. Amanye amaseli ayahlangana ukuze enze isikhumba, kanti amanye ayahlangana ukuze enze inhliziyo . Akumangalisi yini lokho?

Ngakho-ke la ma-chromosome atholakala kuphi? Abukeka kanjani?

Kulungile, manje sesiyazi ngamaseli. Bengisho izingxenye ezincane zomzimba wethu ezifana nezitini. Ngaphakathi kweseli ngalinye, kunendawo ebaluleke kakhulu, njengedrowa elincane noma isiphephelo ekamelweni elincane. Yilokho esikubiza ngokwesayensi ngokuthi i-nucleus . Kalula nje, iyisikhungo sokulawula seseli. Ngaphakathi kwaleyo nucleus, lawa ma-chromosome abizwa ngokuthi agcinwa.

Uyazi ukuthi lezi zibukeka kanjani? Zifana nezintambo ezinde, ezifana nentambo . Cabanga ngamabhola amaningi amahle kakhulu entambo, wonke ahlangene ndawonye, ​​​​ahlelwe kahle. Kodwa akuzona yini lezi zintambo ezihlangene? Ngaphakathi kwalezi zigcinwe uchungechunge lolwazi olubaluleke kakhulu kanye nemiyalelo efanele impilo yethu yonke, kulokho esiyikho.

Ziyini izakhi zofuzo ezingaphakathi kwama-chromosome?

Manje sesiyazi ukuthi ama-chromosome afana nemicu ngaphakathi kwamaseli. Uma ubheka i-chromosome eyodwa, kunezingxenye ezincane ezingamakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane, ezibaluleke nakakhulu, ngaphakathi kwayo. Lezo zingxenye ezincane yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi izakhi zofuzo .

Kalula nje, uma i-chromosome iyincwadi enkulu, izakhi zofuzo zifana nezahluko, noma imisho, noma amagama kuleyo ncwadi. Izakhi zofuzo ngasinye zinemiyalelo ekhethekile, noma umlayezo, noma ulwazi olubhalelwe imizimba yethu.

Cabanga ngezakhi zofuzo njengezinyathelo zeresiphi yokudla okumnandi. Esinye isakhi sofuzo sikutshela ukuthi amehlo akho kufanele abe nombala onjani, esinye sikutshela ukuthi izinwele zakho kufanele ziqonde noma zigoqeke, kanti esinye sikutshela ukuthi kufanele ube mude kangakanani. Kunezinkulungwane zemiyalelo efana nale ngaphakathi kwalezi zakhi zofuzo.

Ngakho-ke kwenzekani kulezi zakhi zofuzo? Kungani sizidinga?

Lezi zakhi zofuzo ziyinto eyinhloko esenza sibe 'yithi'. Lokho kusho ukuthi izici zethu eziningi zomzimba zinqunywa yimiyalelo esiyithola kulezi zakhi zofuzo. Bheka lezi zibonelo:

• Umbala wamehlo akho (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu, omnyama, ompunga).
• Umbala kanye nokuthungwa kwezinwele zakho (ezimnyama, ezinsundu, ezimhloshana; eziqondile, ezigobile, ezigobile).
• Umbala wesikhumba sakho .
• Ukuthi umude noma mufushane ngokuvamile kunqunywa (vele, izinto ezifana nokudla okunempilo nazo zidlala indima, kodwa uhlelo oluyisisekelo luyizakhi zofuzo).
• Ngisho nezinto ezincane njengokuthi ama-earplug akho axhunyiwe noma cha .
• Ukuthambekela kwakho ezifweni ezithile, okungukuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unamathuba amaningi noma amancane okuthola izifo ezithile.

Izinkulungwane zezinto ezinjengalezi zinqunywa yimiyalelo esiyitholayo ezizakhini zethu zofuzo. Njengesofthiwe ekhompyutheni, lezi zakhi zofuzo zitshela imizimba yethu ukuthi iziphathe kanjani nokuthi yenze kanjani umsebenzi ngamunye.

Isibonelo, ake ucabange ukuthi umngane wakho uKasun unamehlo ansundu akhanyayo njengonina. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uKasun uzuze izakhi zofuzo zamehlo ansundu akhanyayo kunina. Kodwa-ke, izinwele zikaKasun zingase zibe mnyama mnyama futhi zigoqene njengezikayise. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi wazuza izakhi zofuzo zalokho kuyise. Yile ndlela sonke esizuza ngayo izici kubazali bethu.

Mangaki ama-chromosome esinawo? Avelaphi?

Leli iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, iseli ngalinye kumuntu ophilile (ngaphandle kwezinhlobo ezithile zamaseli ezikhethekile, isibonelo, amaseli ocansi) linama -pair angu-23 ala ma-chromosome. I-pair isho ukuthi kukhona amabili awo. Ngakho-ke uma uwahlanganisa wonke, kunama-chromosome angu-46 .

Cabanga nje unezicathulo ezinhle ezingu-23. Kulezi zicathulo, esinye sivela kumama wakho kanti esinye sivela kuyihlo. Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?

Lokho kusho ukuthi, kuma-chromosome angu-46 owatholayo, ingxenye eyodwa, okungukuthi, angu-23, ivela kumama wakho omthandayo . Enye ingxenye, okungukuthi, amanye ama-chromosome angu-23, ivela kubaba wakho omthandayo . Lokhu kwenzeka lapho sizalwa, okungukuthi, iqanda elivela kumama wethu kanye neseli lesidoda elivela kubaba wethu (Ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa kwamaseli esidoda .

Lona umklamo omuhle ngokwemvelo. Ngale ndlela, sithola ama-chromosome aqukethe izakhi zofuzo ezivela kumama nobaba, yingakho ngezinye izikhathi sifana nomama wethu, ngezinye izikhathi sifana nobaba wethu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nenhlanganisela enhle yazo zombili. Ngezinye izikhathi singafana nogogo nomkhulu bethu, ngoba lezo zakhi zofuzo zidluliselwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane .

La ma-chromosome angu-46 akhona emzimbeni wakho lapho uzalwa, futhi ahlala nawe impilo yakho yonke, kusukela useyingane, kuya lapho usemusha, kuya lapho usumdala. Yiwona aqondisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa komzimba wakho, esiza konke ukuthi kuhambe kahle.

Isinqumo sokuthi umntwana uyintombazane noma umfana sihlobene nala ma-chromosome!

Sithe kunezimbili zezinhlayiya zama-chromosome. Kulezi, izimbili ezingama-22 ziyafana kakhulu kuzo zombili izini. Lezi yizo ezilawula zonke ezinye izici zomzimba (njengokuphakama, umbala wamehlo, nombala wesikhumba).

Kodwa i-pair yokugcina, noma yama-23, yama-chromosome ikhethekile kancane. Lo mbhangqwana unquma ukuthi umuntu ungowesilisa noma owesifazane. Yingakho odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bebiza lawa ngama-chromosome ocansi .

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zala ma-chromosome ocansi. Elinye libizwa ngokuthi i-chromosome ethi 'X' , kanti elinye libizwa ngokuthi i-chromosome ethi 'Y' .

• Uma kuyintombazane , unama-chromosome amabili e-X. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-XX . Kula ma-chromosome amabili e-X, elilodwa livela kumama kanti elinye livela kubaba.
• Uma kungumfana , une-chromosome eyodwa engu-X kanye ne-chromosome eyodwa engu-Y. Yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi i-XY . Kulokhu, i-chromosome engu-X ivela kumama kanti i-chromosome engu-Y ivela kubaba.

Ubonile? Ubulili bomntwana bunqunywa yi-chromosome (X noma Y) ezuzwa ngubaba. Ngoba umama anganika ingane yakhe i-chromosome X kuphela. Ubaba anganika u-X noma u-Y. Ngakho-ke uma ubaba ezuza u-Y, ungumfana, futhi uma ubaba ezuza u-X, kuyintombazane. Lokhu akuthakazelisi kakhulu?

Ingabe la ma-chromosome abalulekile kithi ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa?

Yebo, impela! Ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa kwakho, la ma-chromosome angu-46 ayaqhubeka nokusebenza ngaphakathi emzimbeni wakho, cishe kuwo wonke amaseli. Ukhula kancane kancane kusukela ebuntwaneni, ubude bakho buyanda, umzimba wakho uyashintsha, izinzipho zakho nezinwele zakho ziyakhula, futhi uma uthola inxeba, liyaphola, konke lokhu kuqondiswa izakhi zofuzo ezingaphakathi kwalawo ma-chromosome.

Zifana nohlelo olusetshenziswa ukwakha indlu . Imizimba yethu iyaqhubeka nokukhula, ukuzilungisa, nokuzinakekela usuku nosuku ngokwalolo hlelo. Ulwazi oluqukethwe kula ma-chromosome yilona olwenza amangqamuzana amasha emizimbeni yethu akhule.

Ngezinye izikhathi, akuvamile, la ma-chromosome angaba nezinguquko ezithile, ukuntuleka, noma ukwengezwa. Yilapho kuvela khona izifo ezithile zofuzo , njenge- Down Syndrome . Ngakho-ke, ukuba nala ma-chromosome ngenani elifanele (okungukuthi, 46) futhi ngokulandelana okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yethu.

Kodwa asikho isidingo sokwesaba izinto ezinjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngoba isikhathi esiningi, le nqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yenzeka ngokunembile nangendlela emangalisayo. Ngeke kube yiphutha ukubiza lokhu ngokuthi indalo emangalisayo.

Ngakho-ke, yimuphi umyalezo okufanele siwukhumbule kule ndaba?

Kulungile, sikhulume kakhulu ngama-chromosome namuhla, akunjalo? Ngicabanga ukuthi unomqondo omuhle manje. Ngamafuphi, nazi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okufanele uzikhumbule:

• Ama-chromosome ayizakhiwo ezincane, ezifana nentambo, kodwa ezinamandla kakhulu ezitholakala cishe kuwo wonke amaseli emzimbeni wethu.
• La ma-chromosome aqukethe izinkulungwane zezakhi zofuzo. Lawa ma-gene anquma izici eziningi zomzimba, njengombala wamehlo ethu, ukuthungwa kwezinwele, kanye nokuphakama.
• Sonke sinama-chromosome angu-46 emaseli ethu, noma amabhangqa angu-23. Sithola ingxenye yalezi (23) kumama wethu kanti enye ingxenye (23) kubaba wethu.
• Ukuthi singabesifazane (XX) noma abesilisa (XY) kunqunywa yizibili ezikhethekile zala ma-chromosome, ama-chromosome ocansi.
• La ma-chromosome ayaqhubeka nokuqondisa ukukhula kwemizimba yethu, ukulungiswa kwayo, kanye nokusinda kwayo okunempilo ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa kwethu.

Ama-chromosome ayizinto ezincane ezimangalisayo ezisenza sibe 'yithi', uhlaka oluyisisekelo lwemizimba yethu, kanye nobuntu bethu. Ukwazi ngawo ngeke kukusize nje kuphela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi imizimba yethu iyinkimbinkimbi futhi iklanywe kahle kangakanani, kodwa futhi kuzokusiza ukuthi unakekele impilo yakho!

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uzibuka esibukweni, ubheke amehlo akho, izinwele zakho, umbala wesikhumba sakho, ucabange ngokumomotheka kwakho, khumbula ukuthi ngemuva kwakho konke lokhu kukhona lawo ma-chromosome amancane owawathola kumama nobaba wakho, abhalwe ngobunikazi bakho. Akuyona into ekhethekile kakhulu leyo?

Ama - Chromosomu, Izakhi Zofuzo, Amaseli, Ufuzo, Izici Zomzimba, Izakhi Zofuzo, Impilo