Ingabe uthatha i-lithium? Ngakho-ke qaphela le ngozi! (Ubuthi be-Lithium)

Ingabe wena noma othile omaziyo usebenzisa i-lithium, umuthi onikezwe odokotela wezifo ezithile zempilo yengqondo, ikakhulukazi i-bipolar disorder? Nakuba lo muthi ungaba usizo kakhulu uma usetshenziswa kahle, ukuthatha kakhulu kungaholela esimweni esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i-lithium toxicity. Ake sixoxe ngalokhu namuhla. Kalula nje, i-lithium toxicity yilapho umzimba wakho une-lithium eningi kakhulu. Lokhu kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwesisu (njengokuhlanza, uhudo) kanye nezimpawu zesimiso sezinzwa (njengokudideka, ukuthuthumela). Uma kungelashwa kahle, lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni. I-lithium iyi-salty eyenzeka ngokwemvelo. Inciphisa i-mania. Yingakho odokotela bevame ukunikeza lo muthi we-bipolar disorder. Kodwa-ke, umkhawulo phakathi komthamo ophephile noyingozi walo muthi mncane kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nokuncane kakhulu kungaba yinto engabekezeleleki emzimbeni.

Ubuthi be-lithium bungenzeka kanjani?

Kunezindlela eziningana lokhu okungenzeka ngazo. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.

Ubuthi Obubukhali

Lokhu kwenzeka uma uphuza amaphilisi amaningi e-lithium ngokuzumayo, noma uma umzimba wakho uphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokuzumayo. Cabanga ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi wenza amaphutha lapho uphuza imithi yakho. Lokho kungenzeka.

Ukuthatha okungaphezu kwalokho okudingayo nsuku zonke (Ubuthi obungapheli)

Lokhu kungenzeka uma uvame ukuthatha i-lithium nsuku zonke, kodwa ngolunye usuku uthatha umthamo owengeziwe, noma uma umzimba wakho uphelelwa amanzi ngolunye usuku. Isibonelo, uma ungaphuzi amanzi anele izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu, noma uma uhlanza kakhulu futhi ulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni wakho.

Ubuthi obungapheli

Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba uma uphuza i-lithium nsuku zonke, inani le-lithium emzimbeni wakho liyakhula kancane kancane futhi liyanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kungenzeka kalula. Izinto eziningi, njengokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, impilo yezinso, kanye neminye imithi oyithathayo, zingathinta indlela umzimba wakho ophatha ngayo i-lithium.

Ziyini amazinga obuthi be-lithium?

Odokotela bahlola amazinga akho e-lithium ngokuhlolwa kwegazi. Udokotela wakho uzonquma ukuthi yiliphi izinga elikufanele. Ngokuvamile, amazinga obuthi be-lithium ahlukaniswe kanje:

• Ubuthi obuncane: 1.5 kuya ku-2.5 mmol/L.
• Ubuthi obuphakathi nendawo: 2.5 kuya ku-3.5 mmol/L.
• Ubuthi obukhulu: Kuphezulu kuno-3.5 mmol/L.

Akudingeki ucabange kakhulu ngale yunithi ebizwa ngokuthi ama-millimoles (`mmol/L`), kuyinto ebalulekile kodokotela. Okubalulekile kuwe ukuqaphela izimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi be-lithium?

Lezi zimpawu zingahluka kuye ngohlobo lobuthi kanye nokuthi bukhulu kangakanani.

Izimpawu zobuthi obuphuthumayo nobungapheli

Ngezikhathi ezinjengalezi, into yokuqala efika engqondweni izinkinga zesisu (Izinkinga zesisu - GI). Lokho kusho ukuthi:

• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza .
• Uhudo (ukuhlanza).
• Isisu esibuhlungu .
• Ukuzizwa sengathi isisu sakho sigcwele.

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuqala ukubonakala zingakapheli ihora ngemva kokuthatha i-lithium eningi kakhulu.

Okubalulekile: Uma uhlangabezana nalezi zimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Uma ubuthi buphakathi kuya kobukhulu, izimpawu ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa zingase zilandele ukucasuka kwesisu. Lezi zifaka:

• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo: Zingasukela ekudidekeni okuncane kuya ekuphazamisekeni okukhulu kwengqondo.
• Ukuthuthumela okungalawuleki (Ukuthuthumela).
• Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi kanye nokuxhumana kahle ngesikhathi uhamba noma umile (`Ataxia`).
• Ukunyakazisa kwemisipha (`Myoclonus`).
• Ukungakhulumi kahle (`Dysarthria`).
• I-Hyperreflexia (ukusabela ngokweqile).
• Ukunyakaza kwamehlo okungalawulwa (i-Nystagmus).
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umkhuhlane uyakhula (i-Hyperthermia).
• Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ukuxhuzula .
• Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (`Coma`).

Uma uthatha i-lithium futhi uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu, kufanele ubonane nodokotela ngokushesha.

Izimpawu Zobuthi Be-Lithium Engapheli

Uma i-lithium idliwa isikhathi eside, ivame ukulimaza izinso. Lokhu kungaholela ezifweni ezahlukahlukene zezinso, ngasinye sinezimpawu zaso. Nazi ezinye zezimo ezingase zenzeke:

Isifo Sikashukela Esibangelwa Yi-Nephrogenic

Lokhu kwenzeka lapho izinso zakho zingakwazi ukulinganisela kahle uketshezi emzimbeni wakho. Zingakwazi ukusabela kahle ku-hormone yokulwa nokukhipha isisu (i-ADH). Izimpawu zifaka:

• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni: Umlomo owomile, ukukhathala, kanye nesiyezi.
• Ukuzizwa womile ngokweqile (` i-Polydipsia` ).
• Ukuchama okuningi (`i-Polyuria`).

I-Nephritis elahlekelwa yi-sodium

Kulokhu, ukulimala kwezinso kubangela ukungalingani kwama-electrolyte emzimbeni. Izimpawu zifaka:

• Inyama iyaphenduka futhi iba buthakathaka.
• Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo.
• Ngikhathele.
• Ukoma ngokweqile.
• Ukuchama ngokweqile (`i-Polyuria`).

Isifo Sokuqaqamba Kwamalunga

Kulesi simo, izinso zakho zikhipha amaprotheni amaningi kakhulu emchameni wakho (`i-Proteinuria`). Izimpawu:

• Ukwanda kwe-cholesterol (i-Hyperlipidemia).
• Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze namaqakala (`Edema`).
• Ukudla akunambitheki.
• Isisu esibuhlungu.
• Umchamo uyaphuma amagwebu.

Izinkinga zesistimu ye-endocrine nazo zingavela ngenxa yobuthi be-lithium isikhathi eside. Izibonelo:

• Ukwehla kokusebenza kwe-thyroid (`Hypothyroidism`).
• Ukwanda komsebenzi wendlala yegilo (`Hyperthyroidism`).
• Ukwanda komsebenzi wezindlala ze-parathyroid (`i-Hyperparathyroidism`).

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu ngenkathi uthatha i-lithium, khuluma nodokotela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-lithium ne-serotonin syndrome

I-lithium ingabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-serotonin syndrome. Le ngozi iphezulu kakhulu uma uthatha eminye imithi ethinta amazinga e-serotonin. Lokhu kungaba yingozi empilweni. Izimpawu ze-serotonin syndrome (kusukela kwencane kuya kwembi kakhulu):

• Ukungahlaliseki.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
• Uhudo.
• Izimbotshana zamehlo ziba zinkulu.
• Ukuthuthumela.
• Ukukhathazeka, ukungahlaliseki.
• Ukugaya nokucindezela ama-meatball.
• Ukujuluka nokuthuthumela.
• Ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi (Delirium).
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu.

Uma unalezi zimpawu, funa iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha!

Yiziphi izimbangela zobuthi be-lithium?

Kunezizathu ezintathu eziyinhloko zalokhu:

• Ukudla i-lithium ngokweqile: Ukuthatha amaphilisi amaningi e-lithium, kungaba ngamabomu noma ngengozi, kungabangela ubuthi obuphuthumayo noma obuphuthumayo obuhambisana nokugula okungamahlalakhona. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi uma udokotela enyusa umthamo wakho kakhulu, kodwa lokhu akuvamile kakhulu.
• Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni noma ukushintsha koketshezi: Lena imbangela evame kakhulu. Lapho umzimba ulahlekelwa yi-sodium (usawoti) namanzi, izinso ziphinde zimunce i-lithium. Lokhu kwandisa ukugcwala kwe-lithium egazini. Izimbangela ezingaba khona zifaka:
• Uma uhlanza.
• Uma kwenzeka isifo sohudo.
• Uma uthola umkhuhlane.
• Ukwehluleka kwezinso.
• Uma uthatha imithi ebangela ukuchama, njengemithi yokukhipha isisu.
• Uma uvivinya umzimba ngokweqile.
• Ukujuluka ngokweqile (i-Hyperhidrosis).
• Njengoba nje ungaphuzi amanzi.
• Uma udla ukudla okunosawoti omncane.
• Izimo zenhliziyo (`Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana`).
• Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma sokubeletha.
• Ukushintsha kwe-thyroid gland (`i-Hyperthyroidism`).
• Izinkinga ngokukhishwa kwe-lithium: Ngezinye izikhathi umzimba awukwazi ukukhipha i-lithium ngendlela efanele. Lokhu kungaba ngenxa yezizathu ezishiwo ngenhla.

Ubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo se-lithium?

Abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu yokuba nobuthi be-lithium obungapheli:

• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
• Abantu abanesifo se-thyroid.
• Abantu abangasebenzi kahle kwezinso.
• Abantu abanesifo sikashukela insipidus.

Ngisho noma usebenzisa i-lithium isikhathi eside, usengozini enkulu yokuthola i-nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, ebangelwa yi-lithium. Lokhu kungaholela ekubeni yingozi kwe-lithium. Uma uthola noma yiziphi zalezi zimo ngenkathi uthatha i-lithium, khuluma nodokotela wakho.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani ubuthi be-lithium?

Ukuze wazi kahle ukuthi lokhu kuyingozi kangakanani, lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kodokotela:

• Uthathe i-lithium engakanani?
• Uyithathe nini?
• Kodwa ingabe uke wathatha eminye imithi noma ezinye izinto ngesikhathi esisodwa?
• Ingabe lokhu bekuyinhloso noma iphutha?

Ukuqinisekisa ubuthi be-lithium, odokotela benza izivivinyo eziningana. Ezinye zazo zifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola izinga le-lithium egazini lakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola amazinga ama-electrolyte (njenge-sodium ne-calcium) egazini lakho.
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlola amazinga e-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
• Ukuhlolwa komchamo.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwezinso (njengamazinga e-urea ne-creatinine egazini).
• Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe zobuchopho (lokhu kwenziwa kaningi kakhulu).

Odokotela bazophinde baqaphe impilo yakho ngezinto ezifana nalezi:

• Inhliziyo yakho ine-'EKG' (i-electrocardiogram).
• Ukuthi uchama kangakanani (ukuphuma komchamo).
• Izinga lakho le-oxygen - livame ukulinganiswa nge-`pulse oximeter` (`pulse ox`).

Ubuthi be-lithium buphathwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kobuthi be-lithium obuyingozi nobungapheli kuyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi bukhulu kangakanani nokuthi ufika ngokushesha kangakanani egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo. Imigomo eyinhloko ukususa i-lithium emzimbeni wakho nokulawula izimpawu zakho. Ukwelashwa kungafaka:

• Ukuhlanza isisu.
• Ukunisela ngamathumbu wonke: Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza uketshezi olukhethekile ngomlomo noma ngepayipi elifakwe ngekhala esiswini. Lokhu kususa yonke i-lithium emgudwini wokugaya ukudla.
• Amalahle asebenzayo: Lokhu kunikezwa uma uke wathatha eminye imithi noma izinto.
• I-Hemodialysis: Lena yindlela eyinhloko yokususa i-lithium ezinso.
• Ukunikeza usawoti (`uketshezi lwe-IV`).
• Imithi ehlukahlukene yelapha izimpawu.

Esikhathini esiningi, uzokwelashwa ekamelweni eliphuthumayo. Uma ubuthi bukhulu kakhulu, kungadingeka ukuthi welashwe egunjini lokunakekelwa okujulile (ICU).

Ukwelashwa Kobuthi Be-Lithium Obungapheli

Ubuthi be-lithium obuhlala isikhathi eside buvame ukubangela ukulimala kwezinso. Ukwelashwa kuncike ohlotsheni lwenkinga yezinso. I-Hemodialysis ingadingeka.

Yimaphi amathuba okululama kulesi simo? (Isibikezelo)

Ukululama ebuthi be-lithium kuncike ohlotsheni lobuthi, ukuthi bukhulu kangakanani, nokuthi ufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha kangakanani. Abantu abangatholi izimpawu ze-neurological ezivela ebuthi be-lithium obuyingozi ngokuvamile abanazo izinkinga zesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, uma uthola izimpawu ze-neurological ezinzima, zingaba unomphela. Yingakho ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ubuthi be-lithium bungaholela ekukhomeni, ekulimaleni kobuchopho, noma ngisho nasekufeni. Ubuthi be-lithium obungapheli kungaba nzima ukububona ngoba izimpawu zingavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kubambezeleka kungaholela ezinkingeni zesikhathi eside zezinso nezesimiso sezinzwa.

Ungakuvimbela kanjani ubuthi be-lithium?

Ukulandela lezi zinyathelo kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ubuthi be-lithium obuyingozi:

• Phuza imithi yakho njengoba nje uyalelwe: Phuza kuphela inani le-lithium (neminye imithi) udokotela wakho akuyalele yona. Gcina ilebula emabhodleleni akho emithi, noma ubhale phansi izikhathi ozithatha ngazo. Lokhu kungakusiza ukuthi ugweme ukuthatha umthamo ophindwe kabili ngengozi.
• Gcina umuthi wakho we-lithium uphephile: Ugcine kude nezingane nabanye abantu.
• Hlala unamanzi emzimbeni:Phuza amanzi amaningi. Ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kungabangela ubuthi be-lithium. Tshela udokotela wakho uma uhlanza, uhudo, noma umkhuhlane.
• Njalo tshela udokotela wakho uhlu lwazo zonke izidakamizwa ozithathayo: Ngaphambi kokuqala umuthi omusha, tshela udokotela wakho ukuthi uthatha i-lithium (kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye umuthi). Eminye imithi ingathinta indlela umzimba wakho ophatha ngayo i-lithium.
• Tshela udokotela wakho uma unezinguquko ezintsha noma ezizumayo empilweni yakho: isibonelo, ukukhulelwa kanye nezinguquko zamahomoni (i-endocrine).

Uma unemicabango yokuzibulala, noma uma ucabanga ukuphuza i-lithium eningi ngamabomu, sicela uye emnyangweni wezimo eziphuthumayo esibhedlela esiseduze, noma ukhulume nomuntu omethembayo. ESri Lanka, ungathola usizo ezinhlanganweni ezifana neSumithrayo (inombolo yocingo 0112692909 noma 0112682535).

Uma uphuza i-lithium isikhathi eside, udokotela wakho cishe uzoncoma ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo njalo ukuze aqaphe impilo yakho. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasiza ekutholeni ubuthi be-lithium obungapheli kusenesikhathi. Lezi yizivivinyo neziqondiso:

• Amazinga e-lithium egazini ahlolwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezinhlanu ngemuva kokuqala i-lithium noma ukushintsha umthamo.
• Kulabo abaphuza imithi isikhathi eside , amazinga e-lithium egazini ahlolwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.
• Amazinga e-electrolyte, i-urea, kanye ne-creatinine ahlolwa njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha.
• Amazinga e-calcium kanye ne-thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) ahlolwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya kweziyishumi nambili.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

I-Lithium iyimithi enamandla kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo, kodwa idinga ukucophelela okwengeziwe lapho uyisebenzisa. Ubuthi be-lithium buyinkinga esongela impilo engaba khona ngenxa yokuphuza imithi eminingi noma ukulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi ngenkathi uthatha imithi. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuvimbela ubuthi be-lithium kanye nezimpawu okufanele uziqaphele. Odokotela bakhona ukukusiza futhi bakugcine uphilile. Ngakho-ke, ungesabi ukubuza uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka. Khumbula, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphuza imithi yakho njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele, ngezikhathi ezifanele. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi.