Ingabe amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi akhulisiwe? (Macrocytosis) - Ake sithole ngalokhu!

Wake wabheka umbiko wokuhlolwa kwegazi waphawula ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi makhulu kunejwayelekile (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhulisiwe)? Noma ingabe udokotela wakho wake wakutshela ngesimo esibizwa ngokuthi “i-Macrocytosis”? Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyesabisa kancane, kodwa ungakhathazeki. I-Macrocytosis akuyona isifo, kumane kuwushintsho kumaseli abomvu egazi.

Kuyini i-Macrocytosis?

Kalula nje, i-Macrocytosis isho ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi makhulu kunokuvamile. Lokhu akubhekwa njengesifo, kodwa kungaba uphawu lokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu kwaziwa kuphela uma une-complete blood count (CBC)/Full Blood Count ( FBC ). Ngokuvamile, odokotela benza lokhu kuhlolwa kwe-'CBC' ukuze babone ukuthi amangqamuzana omzimba wethu asebenza kanjani nokuthi aphilile kangakanani.

Umbiko we-`CBC` unenani elibizwa ngokuthi `MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume)`. Lesi isilinganiso sobukhulu obujwayelekile bamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Uma inani le-`MCV` lomuntu omdala lingaphezu kwama-femtoliters ayi-100 (`100 fL`), sibiza leso simo ngokuthi i-Macrocytosis.

Esikhathini esiningi, lokhu akuyona inkinga enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi lawa maseli abomvu egazi akhulisiwe angase angatholi izakhamzimba azidingayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, lawo maseli awakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko, okuwukuthwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba. Lesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi i-'Macrocytic Anemia' . Uma i-'Macrocytic Anemia' ingelashwa kahle, ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo.

Sivame kangakanani lesi simo?

Uma sikhuluma nje, phakathi kuka-2% no-4% wabantu emhlabeni bane-Macrocytosis. Iningi lalaba bantu, cishe abangu-60%, bane-Macrocytosis kanye ne-anemia.

Kodwa-ke, i-macrocytosis engenalo i-anemia ivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nakubantu asebekhulile.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Macrocytosis?

Esikhathini esiningi, uphawu olulodwa kuphela lwe-macrocytosis yi-MCV ephezulu embikweni we-CBC. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli akho abomvu egazi makhulu. Uma kuvela izimpawu, zihlobene nembangela eyinhloko yamangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhulisiwe.

Isibonelo, uma une-'Macrocytic Anemia', ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nobuthakathaka , ukukhathala, kanye nesikhumba esikhanyayo , okuyizimpawu ezivamile ze-anemia. Futhi, uma imbangela iwukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezifana nesifo sohudo, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, kanye nokulahlekelwa ibhalansi .

Lokho kusho ukuthi, njengoba kunezimbangela eziningi ze-macrocytosis, izimpawu nazo zingahluka.

Yiziphi izimbangela ze-macrocytosis?

Amangqamuzana egazi akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo. Ngakho-ke, izinkinga ekukhiqizweni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kulo mnkantshe wethambo kanye nezinkinga ekwakhiweni kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi kungabangela i-Macrocytosis. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma unamaseli amaningi abomvu egazi angakavuthwa, abizwa ngokuthi ama-'reticulocytes', egazini lakho, khona-ke inani le-'MCV' lingakhuphuka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lawa 'ma-reticulocytes' makhulu ngobukhulu kunamaseli abomvu egazi avuthiwe.

Ezinye zezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-macrocytosis yilezi:

Ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo

Izakhamzimba ezifana ne-vithamini B12 kanye ne-folate (i-vithamini B9) zibalulekile emizimbeni yethu ukuze yakhe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo. Uma ungatholi ngokwanele lawa ma-nutrients ekudleni okudlayo, noma uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukuwamunca ngenxa yesifo esithile, amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ngeke akhule kahle. Ukuntuleka kwe-vithamini B12 kanye ne-folate kungabangela isimo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Macrocytic Anemia'. Isibonelo, abanye abantu abadli imifino eluhlaza nezithelo ezanele. Lokhu kungaholela ekushodeni kwe-folate. Futhi, abantu abangadli imifino ngokuphelele bangaba nokuntuleka kwe-vithamini B12.

Eminye imithi

I-Macrocytosis ingabangelwa futhi yimithi ehlukahlukene. Evame kakhulu yale mithi ihlanganisa i-hydroxyurea, umuthi osetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo se-sickle cell, imithi ehlukahlukene ye-chemotherapy esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umdlavuza, kanye nokwelashwa ngama-antiretroviral (ART) okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Uma uthatha noma yimuphi wale mithi, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyazi.

Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala

Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile nakho kuyimbangela enkulu ye-Macrocytosis. Utshwala bunciphisa ikhono lomzimba lokumunca izakhamzimba, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidingekayo ukuze kwakheke amaseli egazi abomvu anempilo.

Isifo sesibindi

I-Macrocytosis ingaba uphawu lwesifo sesibindi. Isifo sesibindi sivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokusetshenziswa kotshwala, kodwa hhayi njalo. Kodwa-ke, isifo sesibindi singavela nangezinye izizathu.

I-anemia ye-Hemolytic

Esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Hemolytic anemia," amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi afa ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngenxa yesimo esingaphansi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umzimba wakho ukhipha "ama-reticulocyte," (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi angakavuthwa) egazini ukuze alungise ukushoda. Lawa mangqamuzana abomvu egazi angakavuthwa awakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo njengamaseli abomvu egazi avuthiwe.

Ukopha ngokweqile

Uma ulahlekelwa igazi eliningi, kungaba ngengozi, ukuhlinzwa, noma esinye isizathu, umzimba wakho uzofaka ama-reticulocyte egazini lakho ukuze kulungiswe ukulahleka. Njengase-hemolytic anemia, amangqamuzana angavuthiwe angena egazini ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

I-Myelodysplastic syndrome

Lolu uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela emnkantsheni wamathambo. Lesi simo sivimbela umnkantshe ukuthi ukhiqize amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo.

I-Hypothyroidism

I-Macrocytosis ingenzeka nakubantu abane-hypothyroidism, i-thyroid gland engasebenzi kahle. Ingenzeka uma une-anemia noma ungenayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi, asikho isizathu esicacile esingatholakala se-macrocytosis, ikakhulukazi uma une-macrocytosis kuphela engena-anemia.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi une-macrocytosis?

Njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, i-macrocytosis yigama elichaza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhulisiwe, hhayi isifo esisemthethweni. Uma inani le-MCV embikweni wakho we-CBC lingaphezu kuka-100 fL, kusho ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi makhulu kunokujwayelekile.

Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela bangaqagela imbangela ye-Macrocytosis ngokusekelwe ebunzimeni besimo. Isibonelo, uma i-MCV iphezulu kakhulu (cishe i-110 - 115 fL), kungaba uphawu lwe-macrocytic anemia enzima kakhulu, njenge-megaloblastic anemia.

Ukuhlolwa ukuthola imbangela ye-macrocytosis

Uma udokotela wakho ekhathazekile ngamaseli akho abomvu egazi akhuphukile, uzokubuza imibuzo ukuze athole imbangela. Angase akubuze ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, imithi oyiphuzayo, ukudla kwakho, kanye nokusebenzisa kwakho utshwala . Ngaphezu kwalokho, angase enze nezinye izivivinyo:

• I-smear yegazi elingaphandle:Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula yegazi lakho bese ulibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ukukhubazeka okungase kubangele i-Macrocytosis, njengezinkinga zokukhula kwamaseli abomvu egazi.
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinga le- Vitamin B12 kanye ne-folate: Uma amazinga e-vitamin B12 noma i-folate egazini ephansi, kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo okungatholi izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amaseli abomvu egazi ngendlela efanele.
• Inani lama-reticulocyte: Lokhu kuhlolwa kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi angakavuthwa esampula yegazi lakho. Lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi lokhu kuyimbangela ye-MCV yakho ephezulu.
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi: Lokhu kuhlola ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani ukumunca izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe amangqamuzana egazi abomvu anempilo.
• I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Lokhu kuhlolwa kungenziwa uma udokotela wakho esola ukuthi unesifo esiphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli akho abomvu egazi. Lokhu kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane yomongo wakho wamathambo bese uhlola amaseli ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ukukhubazeka.

Iphathwa kanjani i-Macrocytosis?

Uma ungenazo izimpawu ze-anemia, futhi imiphumela yakho yokuhlolwa ingakhombisi ezinye izinkinga, ungase ungadingi ukwelashwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwelashwa kuzoncika embangweni wenani eliphezulu lamaseli abomvu egazini lakho.

• Uma i-macrocytosis yakho ibangelwa ukuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, kungadingeka ushintshe ukudla kwakho noma uthathe izithasiselo zamavithamini .
• Uma inkinga imayelana nomuthi owuthathayo, udokotela wakho angase akwazi ukushintsha umthamo noma akunike omunye umuthi .
• Uma une-anemia enzima kanye ne-macrocytosis, kungadingeka ukuthi umpontshelwe igazi .

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa udokotela wakho akunikeza lona ngqo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imbangela ye-macrocytosis yakho iyini.

Ingabe i-Macrocytosis ingelapheka?

Ezimweni eziningi, i-macrocytosis izoziguqula uma imbangela eyinhloko yelashwa. Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzoyithinta kanjani impilo yakho.

Unganciphisa kanjani ingozi ye-macrocytosis?

Singase singakwazi ukuvimbela konke okungabangela i-macrocytosis. Kodwa-ke, singanciphisa ingozi yethu ngokwamukela imikhuba enempilo. Isibonelo:

• Ukwengeza ukudla okucebile nge-vitamin B12 kanye ne-folate – inhlanzi, imikhiqizo yobisi, amaqanda , imifino enamaqabunga, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuqinisiwe – ekudleni kwakho kunganciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-macrocytic anemia.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala .
• Futhi, ungayeki ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwaminyaka yonke. I-Macrocytosis ivame ukutholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungavimbela lesi simo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.

Kwenzekani uma i-macrocytosis ishiywa ingelashwa?

Udokotela kuphela onganquma ukuthi i-Macrocytosis yakho iyinto okufanele ukhathazeke ngayo. Uma une-Macrocytosis kanye ne-anemia, kubalulekile ukufuna ukwelashwa. Uma ingelashwa, i-Macrocytic Anemia ingaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo.

Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?

Uma uthola ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi makhulu kunokuvamile, landela imiyalelo kadokotela wakho yokuthi wenzeni. Ungase ufune ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ingabe kufanele ngikhathazeke nge-MCV yami ephezulu?
• Yiziphi izivivinyo engizodinga ukuthola imbangela ye-macrocytosis?
• Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelapha imbangela yokwanda kwamaseli ami abomvu egazi?
• Yiziphi izinguquko zendlela yokuphila engingayenza ukuze ngiphathe lesi simo se-Macrocytosis?

Okokugcina, khumbula (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Macrocytosis noma i-MCV ephezulu akuyona imbangela yokukhathazeka ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakho-ke ungakhathazeki uma umbiko wakho we-CBC ukhombisa lezi zindinganiso. Thola isiqondiso sikadokotela wakho sendlela yokuhumusha imiphumela yakho. Kuye ngemiphumela yakho, udokotela wakho angase asikisele izinguquko zokudla noma izithasiselo zamavithamini. Ungesabi ukubuza ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kuzothinta kanjani amaseli akho egazi kanye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ukuhlala uphilile kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu!