Wake wezwa igama elithi ' Mad Cow Disease ' wabe wesaba? Uma uzwa lelo gama, likwenza uzizwe sengathi usefilimini ethusayo, akunjalo? Abantu abaningi besaba ngokungadingekile ngoba abazi okuningi ngalo. Kodwa namuhla, ake sixoxe ngokuthi liyini ngempela, ukuthi lithinta kanjani abantu, nokuthi kufanele yini silisabe ngempela.
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Okokuqala, siyini 'isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo'?
Kalula nje, isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo siyisifo sesimiso sezinzwa sezinkomo. Igama laso lezokwelapha yi- Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) . Asibangelwa yibhaktheriya noma igciwane. Sibangelwa iphrotheni engajwayelekile ebizwa ngokuthi i-prion.
Cabanga, ngaphandle kwesizathu, iphrotheni evame ukuba khona emzimbeni wethu ivele igoqeke 'kabi', ithathe isimo esingalungile, bese iqala ukuziphatha ngendlela elimazayo. Le phrotheni egoqeke kabi (i-prion) ingaguqula namanye amaprotheni amahle abe amaprotheni amabi njengayo. Kancane kancane, le phrotheni embi iqoqana ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni, ibhubhise izicubu zemizwa. Lapho izinkomo zithola lesi sifo, azikwazi ukuma noma ukuhamba kahle, futhi zingaba nolaka futhi zibe nolaka. Kodwa-ke, kuthatha cishe iminyaka engu-4-6 ukuba inkomo ibonise lezi zimpawu ngemva kokutheleleka.
Lesi sifo sasakazeka kakhulu e-United Kingdom ngawo-1980 kanye nawo-1990, lapho izinkomo ezinempilo zaziphakelwa ukudla kwezilwane okwenziwe ngenyama namathambo ezilwane ezinegciwane. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemithetho eqinile kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezisetshenziswa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele, ukwanda kwalesi sifo ezinkomeni manje sekuphansi kakhulu.
Kulungile, ngakho-ke lokhu kubathinta kanjani abantu?
Yebo, lesi sifo singathelela nabantu. Kodwa-ke asibizwa ngokuthi 'isifo sezinkomo ezihlanyayo'. Lesi simo kubantu sibizwa ngokuthi i-Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) .
I-vCJD iyisifo esingavamile kakhulu. Sibangelwa ukudla imikhiqizo yenkomo equkethe izingxenye zesimiso sezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ubuchopho noma umgogodla, wenkomo etheleleke nge-BSE.
Kodwa kukhona into ebalulekile okungafanele uyidide lapha. Kukhona esinye isifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-CJD . Sibizwa ngokuthi i-Classic CJD (i-Sporadic CJD). Yilokho kanye le vCJD.
- I-CJD ejwayelekile: Lokhu akubangelwa ukudla inyama yenkomo. Lesi yisifo esingavamile kakhulu esingavela ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kwesizathu esaziwayo, noma kuphi emhlabeni, kunoma ubani odla inyama yenkomo noma cha. Ngokuvamile sithinta abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65.
- I-Variant CJD (vCJD): Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa nokudla inyama yenkomo enegciwane le-BSE. Kungathinta abantu banoma yimuphi ubudala.
Emazweni afana neSri Lanka, ingozi yokuthola i-vCJD ngokudla inyama yenkomo iseduze kakhulu no-zero . Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunezindlela zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile kakhulu ekungeniseni izinkomo nenyama emazweni ethu futhi akukho mibiko ye-BSE phakathi kwezinkomo ezweni lethu.
Ziyini izimpawu ze-vCJD?
Kunzima kancane ukuxilonga lesi sifo ngoba izimpawu zokuqala zifana nezinkinga zengqondo. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, kuvela izimpawu ezihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa.
| Isigaba | Izimpawu ezivelayo |
|---|---|
| Izimpawu zokuqala (Okuhlobene nempilo yengqondo) |
|
| Izimpawu zesigaba sokugcina (Okuhlobene nesimiso sezinzwa) |
Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubekela ezigabeni zaso zokugcina, isiguli siyadideka futhi silahlekelwe yisikhathi nendawo. Ngeshwa, ukufa kuvame ukwenzeka zingakapheli izinyanga ezingu-13 singenwe yi-vCJD.
Lesi sifo sitholakala futhi selashwa kanjani?
Kunzima ukusho ngokuqiniseka okungu-100% ukuthi umuntu une-vCJD esaphila. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy yobuchopho ngemva kokufa.
Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu esolwa ukuthi unalesi sifo, odokotela bazokwenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ukuze banqume ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
- Ukuskena kobuchopho be-MRI
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-EEG okuqapha umsebenzi wobuchopho
- Ukubhoboza Kwe-Lumbar
- Ukuhlolwa kwegazi
- Ukuhlolwa kofuzo
Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa?
Ngeshwa, akukho ukwelashwa okutholakale okungayelapha ngokuphelele i-vCJD noma ezinye izifo ze-prion.
Njengamanje, okwenziwayo nje ukulawula izimpawu nokunikeza isiguli impumuzo. Isibonelo, kunikezwa imithi yobuhlungu, ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kanye nokungalali.
Singazivikela kanjani kulokhu?
Isixazululo esingcono kakhulu salokhu ukuvimbela izinkomo ukuthi zingangenwa yi-BSE. Amazwe emhlabeni wonke athathe izinyathelo eziqinile zokwenza lokho.
- Ukuhlola izinkomo ze-BSE.
- Ukubhubhisa izilwane ezigulayo.
- Ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokufakwa kwezingxenye eziyingozi njengobuchopho bezinkomo kanye nezintambo zomgogodla ochungechungeni lokudla kwabantu kanye nokudla kwezilwane.
Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzazi njengomuntu ngamunye:
- Ukupheka akubulali ama-prion: Ngokuvamile, uma sipheka, ukushisa kubulala amagciwane. Kodwa-ke, la maprotheni abizwa ngokuthi ama-prion awabhujiswa amazinga okushisa aphezulu, ama-asidi, noma imisebe.
- Ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi kuphephile: Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukuphuza ubisi oluvela enkomeni ethelelekile akudlulisi i-vCJD. Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngobisi, iyogathi, ushizi, njll.
- Ukunikela ngegazi: Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, lesi sifo singadluliselwa ngegazi elivela kumuntu onegciwane. Ukuze kuncishiswe le ngozi, abanikeli ngegazi abaye bahlala emazweni lapho kubikwe khona i-BSE bakhishwa okwesikhashana ekunikeleni ngegazi.
Ekuphetheni, ukuhlala ezweni elifana neSri Lanka, asinaso isizathu sokwesaba okungadingekile nge-vCJD. Izwe lethu linezindinganiso zokuphepha kokudla eziphakeme kakhulu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- Isifo sezinkomo esibizwa ngokuthi 'i-Mad cow disease' (BSE) yisifo esithinta izinkomo. Uhlobo olungavamile kakhulu olungathinta abantu lubizwa ngokuthi i-vCJD.
- Idluliselwa ngokudla inyama equkethe izicubu zemizwa, njengobuchopho noma umgogodla, evela enkomeni enesifo. Ingozi iphansi uma idliwa njalo inyama yenkomo.
- I-prion ebangela lesi sifo ayinakubhujiswa ngokushisa noma ukupheka.
- Ubisi nemikhiqizo yobisi akudluliseli lesi sifo. Kuphephile ngokuphelele.
- Ingozi yalesi sifo kithi eSri Lanka incane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke ungesabi ngokungadingekile.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo ebhekana nezinguquko ezingachazeki zesistimu yengqondo noma yezinzwa (njengokulahlekelwa inkumbulo, ubunzima bokuhamba), bona udokotela womndeni wakho (udokotela) ngokushesha ukuze uthole iseluleko.
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