Ingabe unegazi eliphansi? Ake sixoxe nge-Megaloblastic Anemia!

Ingabe nawe uzizwa ukhathele ngaso sonke isikhathi? Ingabe uzizwa ulele usuku lonke, futhi umzimba wakho uzizwa ungenampilo yokwenza noma yini? Ngezinye izikhathi isikhumba sakho siyashintsha sibe mhlophe bese uzizwa uphelelwa umoya? Ungamane nje ulahle lokhu njengezinto ezivamile. Lokhu kungaba izimpawu zenkinga egazini lakho. Namuhla sizokhuluma nge -Megaloblastic Anemia , isimo esibangela izimpawu ezinjengalezi, ikakhulukazi uma untula i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-vitamin B9 (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-folate).

Kuyini i-Megaloblastic Anemia?

Kalula nje, i-megaloblastic anemia uhlobo lwe-anemia oluthinta amangqamuzana abomvu egazi egazini. Okwenzekayo kulokhu ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi akhiqizwa emnkantsheni wethu wethambo aba makhulu kunokuvamile . Yingakho ibizwa nangokuthi 'i-macrocytic anemia', okusho ukuntuleka kwamangqamuzana amakhulu egazi .

Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kuyi-anemia yokuntuleka kwamavithamini . Lesi simo senzeka lapho umzimba ungatholi izakhamzimba ezimbili ezanele , i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-vitamin B9 ( folate ) . Kodwa ungakhathazeki, odokotela bangelapha lesi simo ngokunikeza izithasiselo ze-vitamin B12 kanye ne-B9.

I-megaloblastic anemia iyithinta kanjani imizimba yethu?

Manje, bheka, imizimba yethu idinga inani elithile lamaseli abomvu egazi anempilo. Ngoba lawa maseli abomvu yiwo athwala umoya-mpilo usuka emaphashini uye ezicutshini zomzimba wonke, futhi athwala i-carbon dioxide emuva. Njengawo wonke amanye amaseli egazi, amaseli abomvu egazi aqala njengamaseli okuqala emnkantsheni wethu wamathambo.

I-Vitamin B12 kanye ne-vitamin B9 zibalulekile ekwakhekeni kahle kwamangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Ngaphandle kwawo, imizimba yethu ikhiqiza uhlobo olungavamile lweseli olubizwa ngokuthi ama-megaloblast .

Cabanga nje, la ma-megaloblast, amaseli ahlukana futhi aphindaphindeke njengamaseli anempilo, awakhi amasha. Lokho kusho ukuthi inani lamaseli abomvu egazi emnkantsheni wethambo liyancipha. Esinye isizathu ukuthi la maseli angajwayelekile makhulu kakhulu. Eqinisweni, makhulu kangangokuthi ngezinye izikhathi awakwazi ngisho nokuphuma emnkantsheni wethambo angene ohlelweni lwegazi. Ngisho noma enza kanjalo, la maseli angajwayelekile afa ngokushesha kunamaseli abomvu anempilo. Lapho konke lokhu kuhlangana, inani lamaseli abomvu egazi emzimbeni liyancipha, okubangela i-anemia, okuwukuntuleka kwegazi.

Ingabe lesi isifo esibi kakhulu?

Esinye sezimbangela ze-megaloblastic anemia ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12. Uma kungelashwa, ukuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12 kungaholela ezinkingeni zezinzwa . Isibonelo, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi, kanye nomuzwa wokuqaqamba noma wokuhlaba ezithweni, owaziwa ngokuthi 'i-paresthesia'. Ngakho-ke lokhu akuyona into okufanele ithathwe kalula.

Sivame kangakanani lesi sifo?

I-Megaloblastic anemia ayisona isifo esingavamile, kodwa odokotela abanalo ulwazi olwanele lokusho ukuthi bangaki abantu abanaso.

Yini ebangela i-megaloblastic anemia?

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukuthi umongo wethu awunayo i-vitamin B12 noma i-vitamin B9 eyanele yokwenza amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo athwala umoya-mpilo kuwo wonke umzimba.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B12?

Abanye abantu baba nokuntuleka kwevithamini B12 ngoba abadli ukudla okwanele okucebile ngevithamini B12, njengenyama, inhlanzi, amaqanda nobisi. Abanye banezinkinga zokumunca ivithamini B12, kungaba ngenxa yezimo ezithile zezokwelapha noma ngenxa yokwelashwa. Lezi zimo zifaka:

• I-anemia eyingozi: Lesi yisifo sokuzivikela komzimba esivimbela umzimba ukuthi ungamunci i-vitamin B12 .
• Ukususwa kwesisu: Lokhu ukuhlinzwa okususa ingxenye yesisu. Lokhu kungathinta ukumuncwa kwevithamini B12.
• I-Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: Lesi yisimo esingavamile esivimbela nomzimba ekumunceni i-vitamin B12.
• I-Blind loop syndrome: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukudla esikugayayo kungahambi kahle emathunjini bese kubhajwa endaweni eyodwa, lapho amagciwane ekhula khona futhi asebenzise i-vitamin B12.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Fish tapeworm: Lokhu kutheleleka kwe-tapeworm kungatholakala ngokudla izinhlanzi ezingaphekiwe kahle futhi ezinegciwane. Lezi tapeworm ziphila ngokumunca i-vitamin B12.
• Ukungakwazi ukugaya ukudla: Kulesi simo, ama-pancreas akho awakwazi ukwenza ama-enzyme okugaya ukudla anele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungase ungatholi zonke izakhamzimba ozidingayo, njengevithamini B12 noma i-B9.

Yiziphi izimbangela zokuntuleka kwe-vitamin B9 (folate)?

Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B9 (folate) kungenzeka uma singafaki imifino eluhlaza eyanele, izithelo, inyama, kanye nemifino ekudleni kwethu kwansuku zonke, noma ukudla okuqiniswe nge-folic acid. Kunezinye izizathu futhi:

• Izifo zesistimu yokugaya ukudla: Uma unesifo esifana nesifo sikaCrohn noma isifo se-celiac, uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla lungase lungamunci kahle i-folic acid.
• Ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile: Abantu abaphuza utshwala obuningi ngezinye izikhathi bashintsha ukudla ngotshwala. Ngenxa yalokho, abatholi i-folate eyanele.
• Ukupheka izithelo nemifino yakho ngokweqile: Uma upheka izithelo nemifino ngokweqile, ukushisa kungabhubhisa i-folate ekhona ngokwemvelo kuzo.
• I-Hemolytic anemia: Lesi yisifo segazi lapho amangqamuzana akho abomvu ebhujiswa khona futhi umongo wakho awukwazi ukuwaphinda ngokushesha.
• Imithi ethile: Eminye imithi yokuxhuzula kanye nezilonda zamathumbuImithi enikezwayo ye-ulcerative colitis iphazamisa ukumuncwa kahle kwe-folate.
• I-Dialysis: Abantu abasebenzisa i-dialysis ngezinye izikhathi bancipha isifiso sokudla ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezinso. Lokhu kungathinta inani levithamini B12 abayithola ekudleni. (Kufanele futhi ufunde nge-B9 lapha, yize isihloko sokuqala sithi i-B12, ingaba yi-B9 futhi kuye ngomongo.)

Ziyini izimpawu ze-megaloblastic anemia?

Izimpawu ze-megaloblastic anemia zifana nezezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia:

• Ukukhathala: Ukuzizwa ukhathele kangangokuthi awukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Ubuthakathaka: Ukuzizwa sengathi umzimba wakho awunampilo, awukwazi ukuhambahamba noma ukwenza noma yini.
• Umbala okhanyayo: Isikhumba sakho siba mhlophe kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
• Ukuphelelwa umoya: Umuzwa wokuphelelwa umoya, ubunzima bokuphefumula ngokujulile.
• Ukuzungeza noma ukuquleka: Umuzwa wokujikeleza noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.

Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12, ikakhulukazi, ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta imizwa yakho, okubangela izimpawu ezifana nokuba ndikindiki ezithweni zakho, ukulahlekelwa umuzwa, noma ubuthakathaka bemisipha.

Odokotela bakuthola kanjani lokhu ngqo?

Odokotela baxilonga i-megaloblastic anemia ngokukuhlola ngokomzimba bese bekubuza imibuzo mayelana nezimpawu zakho. Bangase futhi bacele ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okufana nalokhu:

• Inani legazi eligcwele (FBC): Lolu vivinyo luhlola inani lamaseli akho abomvu egazi kanye nomsebenzi wawo.
• I-Peripheral blood smear (PBS): Lokhu kuhilela ukubuka amangqamuzana akho egazi ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Nakuba ezinye izivivinyo zegazi zihlaziywa ngumshini, kulokhu, udokotela ubheka amangqamuzana bese enza isinqumo.
• Inani lama-reticulocyte: Lokhu kulinganisa inani lamaseli abomvu egazi angakavuthwa (ama-reticulocyte) emnkantsheni wakho wamathambo. Lokhu kusiza odokotela ukuthi banqume ukuthi umnkantshe wakho wamathambo ukhiqiza amaseli abomvu egazi anele yini anempilo.

Kuphathwa kanjani lokhu?

Odokotela belapha i-megaloblastic anemia ngokunikeza izithasiselo zamavithamini. Bheka lokhu:

• Ukwelashwa Kokuntuleka Kwevithamini B12: Udokotela wakho angase akuncome imijovo yevithamini B12 amasonto ambalwa kuze kube yilapho amazinga akho evithamini B12 ebuyela esimweni esijwayelekile. Uma ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 yakho kubangelwa inkinga ngekhono lomzimba wakho lokumunca i-B12, kungadingeka ukuthi uthathe imijovo ye-B12 njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa impilo yakho yonke. Futhi, abantu abantula i-B12 ngenxa yesimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-pernicious anemia kungadingeka bathathe izithasiselo ze-B12 impilo yabo yonke.
• Ukwelashwa Kokuntuleka Kwevithamini B9: Udokotela wakho angase akunike amaphilisi e-folic acid ukulungisa ukuntuleka kwevithamini B9. Bazohlola namazinga akho evithamini B12 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi angaphakathi kwemingcele evamile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi izithasiselo zevithamini B9 zinganciphisa izimpawu ze-megaloblastic anemia futhi zivale ukuntuleka kwevithamini B12 okuyisisekelo (okungabangela ukulimala kwemizwa).

Singanciphisa kanjani ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo?

Kunezindlela eziningana zokunciphisa ingozi:

• Zama ukudla ukudla okunempilo okubeka phambili ukudla okuqukethe i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-vitamin B9 .
• Nciphisa ukuphuza utshwala. Ukuphuza utshwala njalo kungathinta uhlelo lwakho lokugaya ukudla futhi kuvimbele umzimba wakho ekumunceni i-vitamin B12.
• Uma unesifo esikuvimbela ukuthi udle la mavithamini, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze ulawule leso simo.

Ukudla okune-vitamin B12:

• Ukudla kwezilwane: Inyama ebomvu, inhlanzi, izinkukhu, amaqanda, ubisi, neminye imikhiqizo yobisi kucebile ngevithamini B12.
• Ukudla okuqinisiwe: Lokhu ukudla okuqiniswe ngokwenziwa ngamavithamini athile nezakhamzimba ezingekho ngokwemvelo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi okusanhlamvu kwasekuseni, imvubelo yokudla okunempilo, ubisi lwezitshalo oluthile, kanye nezinkwa ezithile. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ilebula lamaqiniso okudla okunempilo ephaketheni lokudla ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukudla kuqiniswe ngevithamini B12.

Ukudla okucebile nge-vitamin B9 (folate):

• Imifino: Imifino eluhlaza okotshani (njengesipinashi, i-kale), uphizi, ubhontshisi kanye nemifino.
• Izithelo: Izithelo ze-citrus (ezifana nama-orange nama-tangerine).
• Ukudla kwezilwane: isibindi, ukudla kwasolwandle, inyama kanye nenkukhu.
• Amaqanda nokudla kobisi.
• Ukudla okuqinisiwe: Ezinye izinkwa, ufulawa, ama-pasta, ilayisi, kanye nokusanhlamvu kuqukethe i-folic acid. Futhi, hlola ilebula elisephaketheni lokudla ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukudla kuqiniswe nge-vitamin B9 (i-folic acid).

Yini engingayilindela uma ngine-megaloblastic anemia?

Abantu abaningi bayalulama ekuhlushweni yi-megaloblastic anemia ngemva kokuthatha izithasiselo zamavithamini. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha amazinga akho amavithamini njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-vitamin B12 ne-vitamin B9 eyanele. Isibonelo, ungase uhlolwe igazi emavikini ambalwa ngemva kokuqala ukwelashwa ukuze ubone ukuthi izithasiselo zikhuphule amazinga akho e-vitamin B12 kanye/noma i-B9.

Ngizinakekela kanjani?

Ungazinakekela ngale ndlela:

• Thatha izithasiselo zamavithamini njengoba nje udokotela wakho ekuyalele.
• Yakha imikhuba yokudla enempilo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-vitamin B9 eyanele.
• Nakekela impilo yakho futhi ubone udokotela uma uzizwa sengathi ubhekene nezimpawu ze-anemia futhi.

Khumbula, uma une-megaloblastic anemia, kusho ukuthi awutholi i-vitamin B12 kanye/noma i-vitamin B9 eyanele. Lawa mavithamini asiza umzimba wakho ukuthi wakhe amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo. Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi anempilo enza umsebenzi obalulekile wokuthwala umoya-mpilo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ngenhlanhla, odokotela bangalungisa lokhu kuntuleka ngokukunikeza izithasiselo zokwandisa amazinga akho e-vitamin B12 kanye ne-vitamin B9. Ungadla futhi ukudla okucebile ngamavithamini bese ubuza udokotela wakho ngezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-vitamin B9 eyanele.

Isifinyezo (Umyalezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ake siphinde sixoxe ngalokho esikhulume ngakho namuhla. I-Megaloblastic anemia yisimo lapho amangqamuzana abomvu amakhulu, angajwayelekile ekhiqizwa khona emnkantsheni lapho umzimba untula i-vitamin B12 noma i-vitamin B9 (folate).

• Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukukhathala okukhulu, ubuthakathaka, isikhumba esikhanyayo, kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Ukuntuleka kwe-B12 kungathinta nesimiso sezinzwa.
• Imbangela kungaba ukuntuleka kokudla okwanele kwala mavithamini, noma isimo sezokwelapha esivimbela umzimba ukuthi uwamunce.
• Kutholakala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, ikakhulukazi lokho okufana ne-CBC kanye ne-Peripheral Blood Smear.
• Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa i-vitamin B12 kanye ne-folic acid supplements, okungadingeka ukuthi abanye abantu bazithathe isikhathi eside.
• Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela nokulawula lokhu ukudla ukudla okunomsoco okucebile ngamavithamini B12 kanye ne-B9, ukunciphisa utshwala, nokwelapha kahle izimo ezibangela lokhu.

Ngakho-ke, uma unalezi zimpawu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngoba uma kutholakala kusenesikhathi, ukwelashwa kuba lula futhi ukululama kuyashesha.