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Iyini i-Rhabdoid Tumor? Kalula nje...
I-Rhabdoid Tumor uhlobo lomdlavuza olungavamile nolukhula ngokushesha . Luvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nasezinsaneni . Uma lubhekwa nge-microscope, lawa maseli omdlavuza afana nama -rhabdomyoblast , uhlobo lweseli elakha imisipha. Yingakho lubizwa ngokuthi "i-rhabdoid." Lo mdlavuza ungakhula ezinso zengane, ezicutshini ezithambile, noma ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla). Ngeshwa, lo mdlavuza ungasakazeka ngokushesha okukhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukwelapha.Ingabe kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Rhabdoid Tumor?
Yebo, kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zalo mdlavuza kuye ngokuthi uvela kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini.1. Isimila se-Rhabdoid sezinso (RTK)
Lesi yisifo se-rhabdoid sezinso enganeni. Ngezinye izikhathi sifinyezwa ngokuthi (RTK).2. Izimila ze-Rhabdoid Eziyingozi Ezingaphandle Kobuchopho Noma Ezingaphandle Kwezinso
Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza lungakhula ezicutshini ezithambile zengane nakwezinye izitho zomzimba, njengesibindi, amaphaphu, kanye nesikhumba. Lubizwa nangokuthi ama-malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) . Igama elithi "Malignant" lisho umdlavuza.3. Izimila ze-Rhabdoid ze-Teratoid ezingavamile (ATRT)
Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza we-rhabdoid lukhula ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi lwengane, ebuchosheni kanye nasemgogodleni. Kulolu hlobo lomdlavuza, amangqamuzana omdlavuza akheka kuqala ebuchosheni bengane noma emgogodleni. Cishe ama-50% alawa mdlavuza (i-ATRT) akhula ku- cerebellum (elawula ukunyakaza kanye nokulinganisela) noma i-brainstem ( elawula izinto ezifana nokuphefumula kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo).Ubani okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi athole ama-Rhabdoid Tumors?
Ithinta kakhulu izinsana nezingane ezincane kakhulu , ikakhulukazi lezo eziphakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-11 ne-18 . Abantu abadala banamathuba amancane okuthola lesi sifo.Lokhu akuvamile, ezinye izifundo zithi kwenzeka kubantu abangaphansi koyedwa kwabayisigidi.Kuthiwa lo mdlavuza uvela ngamanani amancane. Lokho kusho ukuthi kuyisimo esingavamile kakhulu.
Kungani lezi zimila ze-rhabdoid zikhula? Iyini imbangela?
Esikhathini esiningi, imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza we-rhabdoid ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ku-SMARCB1 gene . Cabanga ukuthi kukhona isivikelo esincane emzimbeni wethu esilawula ukukhula kwamaseli. Le gene ye-SMARCB1 iyi -gene yokucindezela isimila . Ikhiqiza iphrotheni elawula ukukhula kwamaseli. Njengephoyisa lomgwaqo, ivimba amaseli ukuthi angahlukani ngokushesha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona iphutha, okungukuthi, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kule gene ye-SMARCB1, lokho kulawulwa kuyalahleka futhi amaseli ahlukana ngokushesha kakhulu, okuholela kumdlavuza . Akuvamile, la ma-cancer angavela futhi ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwenye i-gene yokucindezela isimila ebizwa ngokuthi i-SMARCA4. Nakuba abanye abantwana bangathola le gene eguquliwe kubazali babo, isikhathi esiningi la ma-cancer avela ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo okusha okwenzeka ngaphandle komlando womndeni . Lokhu kusho ukuthi noma kungekho muntu emndenini oke waba nokuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ngaphambili, amaseli engane angase abe nalokhu kuguqulwa ngengozi. Lapho kwelashwa ingane, ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungenziwa ukuze kubhekwe lokhu kuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo.Ziyini izimpawu ze-Rhabdoid Tumor?
Izimpawu zingahluka kuye ngobudala bomntwana kanye nendawo okuyo umdlavuza . Izimpawu zivame ukuqala endaweni lapho umdlavuza ukhula khona. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukulimala kwemizwa, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma iqhubu esiswini somntwana. Ngenxa yokuthi lo mdlavuza usakazeka ngokushesha kakhulu, izimpawu zingavela ngokushesha. Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:- Umkhuhlane ovamile.
- Ikhanda elibuhlungu .
- Igazi emchameni ( i-Hematuria ) .
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza .
- Ama-lymph node avuvukele .
- Ukuthukuthela njalo, ukungahlaliseki (Ukucasuka).
- Ukudla akunambitheki .
- Ukozela okungavamile.
- Ezinganeni, ubukhulu bekhanda buba bukhulu.
- Ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi noma ubunzima bokuhamba.
Kanjani?Itholakala kanjani le Rhabdoid Tumor?
Udokotela ohlola ingane yakho uzoqala ngokuyihlola ngokomzimba bese ekubuza ngezimpawu zengane yakho. Uzobe eseyala ukuhlolwa okuningana ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kungafaka:- Ukuskena nge-ultrasound : Lokhu kusebenzisa amaza omsindo anamandla aphezulu ukudala isithombe (sonogram) sezitho zangaphakathi zomntwana.
- I-CT scan: Lokhu kusebenzisa i-X-ray kanye nekhompyutha ukudala isithombe esinezinhlangothi ezintathu (3D) sezicubu namathambo athambile engane.
- I-MRI scan: Lokhu kusebenzisa i-magnet, amaza omsakazo, kanye nekhompyutha ukwenza izithombe ezinemininingwane zezindawo ezifana nobuchopho bomntwana kanye nomgogodla.
- Ukuhlolwa kwemizwa: Lokhu kuhlola ubuchopho bengane, umgogodla, kanye nokusebenza kwemizwa.
- Ukubhoboza i-Lumbar / Ukumpompa komgogodla: Kulokhu, kuthathwa isampula yoketshezi lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) emgogodleni wengane bese ihlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonakale ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
- Ukuhlolwa kwezakhi zofuzo: Kuthathwa isampula yegazi noma izicubu zengane bese kuhlolwa izinguquko ezakhiweni zofuzo SMARCB1 kanye ne-SMARCA4.
- I-Biopsy: Kule nqubo, udokotela usebenzisa inalithi ukuthatha isampula encane yesimila. Udokotela wezifo ube esesibheka ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma kutholakala amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ingxenye enkulu yesimila ingasuswa ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma ekuhlinzweni okulandelayo.
- I-Immunohistochemistry: Lolu vivinyo oluqondile kakhulu. Lusebenzisa ama-antibodies ukubheka izimpawu/ama-antigen athile kusampula yezicubu zengane yakho. Lezi zimpawu zingasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umdlavuza we-rhabdoid noma olunye uhlobo lomdlavuza.
Ilashwa kanjani i-Rhabdoid Tumor?
Udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza wezingane uhola ekwelapheni ingane. Usebenzisana nethimba labanye ochwepheshe ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha olufanela kahle ingane. Izindlela zokwelapha eziningana ezahlukene zingasetshenziswa ndawonye ukwelapha umdlavuza we-rhabdoid. Ngenxa yokuthi lo mdlavuza usakazeka ngokushesha, izifundo zikhombisile ukuthi ukusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha eziningi ndawonye cishe kungabangela ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza kunokusebenzisa eyodwa kuphela.- Ukuhlinzwa: Uma i-biopsy ingawususi umdlavuza, isinyathelo sokuqala, uma kungenzeka, ukwenza ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe umdlavuza omningi ngangokunokwenzeka, mhlawumbe wonke.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali (i-Chemotherapy): Lokhu kuhilela ukunikeza imithi yokuvimba ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le mithi ibulala amanye amangqamuzana omdlavuza futhi ivimbele amanye ekuhlukaneni. Kodwa-ke, le mithi ayikwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamangqamuzana amahle namangqamuzana omdlavuza, ngakho-ke ingabangela imiphumela emibi.
- Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali anomthamo ophezulu ngokufakelwa amaseli e-stem: Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali anomthamo ophezulu kungabulala amaseli amaningi omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, kubulala namaseli anempilo, njengamaseli akha igazi emnkantsheni. Ukuze kulungiswe lokhu, omunye umongo wethambo wengane uyathathwa futhi ugcinwe ngaphambi kokuba kunikezwe ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali anomthamo ophezulu. Ngemva kokwelashwa, umongo wethambo ubuyiselwa enganeni ukuze uthathe indawo yamaseli abhujisiwe.
- Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Lokhu kusebenzisa ama-X-ray anamandla amakhulu ukuze kuncishiswe noma kubhubhise amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa ngemisebe kungathinta ukukhula kwengane kanye nokukhula kobuchopho, umthamo ulungiswa ngokuya ngobudala nosayizi wengane.
- Izivivinyo zemitholampilo: Udokotela angase futhi aphakamise izivivinyo ezintsha zemitholampilo (izinhlobo ezintsha ze-chemotherapy, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe, noma imithi ye-immunotherapy) yokwelapha umdlavuza wengane yakho.
Yimiphi imiphumela emibi engaba khona yokwelashwa?
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ikakhulukazi i-chemotherapy, kungabangela imiphumela emibi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithi esetshenziswa ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza ibulala namaseli anempilo. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela eminingi emibi iyanyamalala ngemva kokumiswa kokwelashwa . Ungasebenzisana nethimba lezokwelapha lengane yakho ukulawula le miphumela emibi. Imiphumela emibi evamile ihlanganisa:- Ukulahlekelwa izinwele (i-Alopecia) .
- Ukudla akunambitheki.
- Ukuqunjelwa.
- Uhudo.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza.
- Izilonda emphinjeni nasemlonyeni.
- Ukuvuvukala (Ukuvuvukala) .
- Ukungalali.
- Ukukhathala ngokweqile.
- Izinkinga zememori.
Ingabe ama-Rhabdoid Tumors angavinjelwa?
Ngeshwa, lezi zimdlavuza zibangelwa ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela yokuzivimbela . Kodwa-ke, uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza we-rhabdoid noma eminye imidlavuza, futhi ulindele umntwana, kuwumqondo omuhle ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokwelulekwa kwezakhi zofuzo . Ukwelulekwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungakusiza uqonde ingozi yakho yokuba nesimo sofuzo enganeni yakho.Ingabe i-Rhabdoid Tumor ingelapheka? Lizoba njani ikusasa lomntwana?
Udokotela owelapha ingane yakho angakunikeza impendulo eqondile yalo mbuzo. Kodwa-ke,Ngeshwa, iningi lezingane ezine-malignant rhabdoid tumor aziphili iminyaka engaphezu kwemibalwa. Kodwa-ke, uma ingane itholakala ukuthi inalesi sifo ngemva kweminyaka emi-2 , isibikezelo singase sibe ngcono kancane. Izinga lokusinda kulo mdlavuza lincike ezintweni eziningana:- Ubudala bomntwana.
- Lapho umdlavuza usemzimbeni wengane.
- Ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazekele yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
- Inani lomdlavuza osuswe ngokuhlinzwa.
- Indlela ingane ezosabela ngayo ekwelashweni komdlavuza.
Kuvamile ukuzizwa uthwele umthwalo omkhulu nokudabuka uma uzwa into efana nale. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa.
Yini okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela?
Kuvamile ukuba nemibuzo eminingi uma uthola ukuthi ingane yakho inomdlavuza. Nansi eminye imibuzo okufanele uyikhumbule ukuyibuza ngaleso sikhathi:- Hlobo luni lomdlavuza ingane yami enalo?
- Iyini isigaba somdlavuza wengane yami?
- Yiziphi izivivinyo okufanele ingane yami izithathe?
- Yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza wengane yami?
- Amathuba okuthi lokhu kwelashwa kuphumelele angakanani?
- Yiziphi izivivinyo zezokwelapha ezitholakalayo ingane yami engazibandakanya kuzo?
- Sazi kanjani ukuthi ukwelashwa kuphumelele?
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