Uma sizwa igama elithi “umdlavuza,” ukwesaba nokukhathazeka kuyafika ezingqondweni zethu. Lokho kuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi yezokwelapha, izindlela zokwelapha umdlavuza zithuthuke kakhulu. Namuhla, ngizokhuluma nawe ngendlela yokwelapha emangalisayo eshintshe umdlalo ekulweni nomdlavuza futhi ilethe ithemba elisha kubantu abaningi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi i-Immunotherapy. Kalula nje, esikhundleni sokunikeza imithi yangaphandle yokulwa nomdlavuza , sisebenzisa izindlela zethu zokuzivikela ukulwa nawo. Ake sibone ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani.
Ngakho-ke, iyini i-Immunotherapy?
Ukuze siqonde lokhu, ake sithathe isibonelo esincane. Uma une- allergy , njengezinambuzane zothuli, kungenzeka ukuthi uthole imijovo yokungezwani komzimba. Imijovo iqukethe inani elincane kakhulu le-allergen. Uma ingena emzimbeni wakho, amasosha omzimba wakho aqala ukusebenza ngokumelene nayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokukugulisa. Njengoba ukhulisa kancane kancane umthamo, umzimba wakho uyajwayela i-allergen. Lokho kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho wakha amasosha omzimba kuyo.
Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kuyinto efana naleyo. Umdlavuza yilapho elinye lamaseli ethu liqala ukuziphatha “kabi” ngokungalawuleki. Ithemba lokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy liwukusiza uhlelo lokuzivikela lwemvelo lomzimba wethu ukuthi lubone la “maseli amabi” futhi luziqeqeshe ukuwabhubhisa. Njengokulwa negciwane noma amagciwane angena emzimbeni wethu.
Kalula nje, uhlelo lokuzivikela lomzimba wethu lufana namaphoyisa ezwe. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza afana nezigebengu ezifihlwe njengabantu abavamile. Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kusiza amaphoyisa ukuthola lezi zigebengu zifihlwe.
Yiziphi izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokwelapha nge-immunotherapy?
Abacwaningi bathole izindlela eziningana amasosha omzimba wethu angabona futhi abhubhise ngazo amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Ake sibheke ezinye zezinhlobo eziyinhloko.
| Uhlobo lwe-immunotherapy | Indlela esebenza ngayo (ngamagama alula) |
|---|---|
| Ukwelashwa Nge-immunotherapy Yamaseli E-T Okwamukelwayo | Amaseli e-T (amasosha okuzivikela) athathwa emzimbeni, enziwe abe namandla kakhulu elabhorethri, bese ebuyiselwa emzimbeni. |
| Ama-Checkpoint Inhibitors | Ikhipha "ama-breakpoint" asetshenziswa amangqamuzana omdlavuza ukufihla, okuwavumela ukuthi ahlasele uhlelo lokuzivikela. |
| Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal | Zifana "namathegi" akhethekile enziwe elebhu. Lawa anamathela kumaseli omdlavuza, awamaka ukuze amasosha omzimba abonakale kalula. |
| Imithi Yokugomela Umdlavuza | Amasosha omzimba aqeqeshwe ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza othile (isib. umjovo we-HPV) noma ukuhlasela umdlavuza okhona. |
1. I-Adopt T-Cell Immunotherapy (Ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-T okuqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile)
Lokhu kufana nokuqeqesha amabutho akhethekile. Elinye lamasosha ayinhloko ohlelweni lwethu lokuzivikela komzimba libizwa ngama -T-cell .
Kulokhu kwelashwa, odokotela bathatha amanye ala ma-T-cell esimila sakho. Bese, elabhorethri, bafuna ukuthi yimaphi kula ma-T-cell alwa nomdlavuza kakhulu. Bakhetha “amasosha angcono kakhulu,” bawashintshe izakhi zofuzo, bawenze abe namandla nakakhulu, futhi bawakhulise abe yizigidi.
Ekugcineni, leli “butho lamaseli e-T anamandla amakhulu” libuyiselwa emzimbeni wakho nge-IV. Manje lawa maseli aya ngqo ukuyofuna nokubhubhisa amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Enye yezindlela zokwelapha ezidumile kakhulu ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba ukwelashwa ngamaseli e-CAR T. Isetshenziselwa iziguli ezine-leukemia ezinganeni nakubantu abadala kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza, njenge-lymphoma, ezingakasabela kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha.
2. Ama-Checkpoint Inhibitors
Isimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba sinohlelo “lwamabhuleki.” Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi izindawo zokuhlola. Lawa mabhuleki akhona ukuvimba isimiso sethu sokuzivikela komzimba ekuhlaseleni amangqamuzana ethu aphilile ngokungadingekile.
Kodwa amangqamuzana omdlavuza anobuqili ayasizakala ngalolu hlelo lwamabhuleki. Akha amaprotheni ebusweni bawo avuselela lezi zindawo zokuhlola, athumele isignali ohlelweni lokuzivikela, ethi, "Ngingomunye wenu, ningangihlaseli." Kufana nesela eligqoke iyunifomu yamaphoyisa.
Imithi yokuvimbela i-Checkpoint isebenza ngokukhulula leli "bhuleki" elibamba amangqamuzana omdlavuza endaweni yawo. Lokhu kuvumela ama-T-cell ethu ukuthi aqaphele umdlavuza njengesitha futhi awuhlasele.
Le ndlela yokwelapha manje isisetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zomdlavuza, njengomdlavuza wamaphaphu, webele, wezinso, kanye nowesikhumba (i-melanoma).
3. Ama-Antibodies e-Monoclonal
Lawa angama-antibodies, aklanywe ngokukhethekile elebhu. Afana "nemicibisholo" engafuna futhi ibambe amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
Isimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela asikwazi njalo ukubona amangqamuzana omdlavuza “njengamabi.” Ama-antibodies e-monoclonal ayasiza ekwenzeni lokho. Lawa ma-antibodies anamathela ebusweni bamangqamuzana omdlavuza. Bese kuba sengathi ifulege lindiza phezu kwalelo seli, okwenza kube lula ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela silubone. Kufana nokuthi, “Nasi isitha.” Khona-ke ama-T-cell angawabhubhisa kalula lawo maseli omdlavuza.
Amanye ama-antibody e-monoclonal anemithi yokulwa nomdlavuza ( i-chemotherapy ) noma izinto ezinemisebe ezinamathele kuwo. Le antibody ibe isithwala umuthi ngqo esitokisini somdlavuza bese isiletha.
4. Imithi Yokugomela Umdlavuza
Lokhu kufana nje nemijovo evamile. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- Imithi yokugomela yokuvimbela: Le yimithi yokugomela evikela amagciwane angabangela umdlavuza. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu umuthi wokugomela i-HPV (Human Papillomavirus) . Leli gciwane le-HPV lingabangela umdlavuza wesibeletho kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza. Ukuthola umuthi wokugomela i-HPV kunganciphisa kakhulu leyo ngozi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngalokhu bese uthola okwengeziwe.
- Imithi yokugomela: Le yenzelwe ukuqeqesha amasosha omzimba ukuhlasela umdlavuza osuvele ukhona emzimbeni.
Liyini ikusasa lokwelashwa nge-immunotherapy?
Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy kuseyinsimu ethuthuka ngokushesha, njengoba ososayensi bezama njalo ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi amasosha ethu omzimba alwa kanjani nomdlavuza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenziwa ucwaningo ukuze kubonwe ukuthi i-immunotherapy inganikezwa yini kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha, njenge-chemotherapy, ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinhlobo ezimbili ze-immunotherapy zinikezwa ndawonye.
Kodwa kusenombuzo omkhulu ongakaphendulwa. Yingakho lokhu kwelashwa, njengezinye izindlela zokwelapha, kusebenza kahle kangaka kwezinye iziguli kuyilapho kungasebenzi kahle kwabanye. Ucwaningo lusaqhubeka ukuthola izizathu zalokhu.
Umlayezo Wokuya Nawe Ekhaya
- I-immunotherapy iyindlela yokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu esebenzisa amandla amasosha omzimba wethu ukulwa nomdlavuza.
- Esikhundleni sokuhlasela ngqo amangqamuzana omdlavuza, lokhu "kuqeqesha" amasosha ethu omzimba ukuba aqaphele futhi abhubhise lawo maseli.
- Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokwelapha nge-immunotherapy, njenge-Checkpoint Inhibitors, i-CAR T-cell therapy, kanye ne-Monoclonal Antibodies.
- Le ndlela yokwelapha ayifaneleki kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomdlavuza noma kuzo zonke iziguli. Izonqunywa udokotela ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho sezokwelapha.
- Uma wena noma othile omaziyo enomdlavuza, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngalezi zindlela zokwelapha zesimanje bese ubuza ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okukulungele.
Ukwelashwa nge-immunotherapy, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, ukwelashwa komdlavuza i-sinhala , amaseli e-T, izithibi zokuhlola, ama-antibodies e-monoclonal, ukwelashwa kwamaseli e-CAR T, umdlavuza, iSri Lanka
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