Okudingeka ukwazi ngomdlavuza wesikhumba!

Ingabe ukhathazekile kancane nge-mole entsha noma ukukhula okuncane esikhumbeni sakho? Noma uzizwa sengathi umbala noma ukuma kwe-mole obekunesikhathi eside kushintshile? Konke lokhu kungaba okuvamile. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi kungaba izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba, ake sixoxe ngalokhu ngemininingwane ethe xaxa, akunjalo?

Uyini lo mdlavuza wesikhumba?

Kalula nje, umdlavuza wesikhumba ukukhula okungajwayelekile, okungalawuleki kwamaseli esikhumbeni sakho. Cabanga ngamaseli ethu esikhumba njengezisebenzi ezincane. Asebenza kanzima, aguge, bese efa. Bese amaseli amasha ekhula ukuze awathathe indawo yawo. Lena inqubo enempilo nejwayelekile.

Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma sibhekene nemisebe ye-ultraviolet eyingozi (ukukhanya kwe-UV) evela elangeni, le nqubo ingahamba kabi. Ngemuva kwalokho amaseli aqala ukukhula ngokushesha kakhulu nangendlela engalawuleki. Amanye amaseli amasha akheka ngale ndlela angaba angewona umdlavuza (angabi yingozi). Awabangeli umonakalo omkhulu futhi awasabalali kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Kodwa amanye awo angaba umdlavuza (umdlavuza). Yileyo inkinga.

Lawa maseli anomdlavuza, uma engatholakali futhi engelashwa kusenesikhathi , angasakazekela ezicutshini eziseduze nangale kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Yingakho ukutholwa nokwelashwa kusenesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu . Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, umdlavuza wesikhumba ungelapheka ngokuphelele uma utholakala kusenesikhathi. Uma ubona okuthile okungajwayelekile noma okuhlukile ngesikhumba sakho, into engcono kakhulu ongayenza ukukhuluma nodokotela.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba ezikhona?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba. Ake sibheke ukuthi ziyini.

Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko yilezi:

• I-basal cell carcinoma: Lokhu kuvela kumaseli angaphansi ngaphansi kwe-epidermis, ungqimba olungaphandle lwesikhumba sakho. Lolu uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba.
• I-Squamous cell carcinoma: Lokhu kuvela kumaseli e-squamous engxenyeni engaphandle yesikhumba sakho.
• I-Melanoma : Lolu uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu. Lukhula kumaseli abizwa ngokuthi ama-melanocytes. Lawa ma-melanocytes akhiqiza umbala obizwa ngokuthi i-melanin , onikeza isikhumba sethu umbala waso. I-Melanin futhi isiza ekuvikeleni isikhumba ngezinga elithile emisebeni yelanga eyingozi ye-ultraviolet. I-Melanoma iyingozi ngoba inengozi enkulu yokusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba kunezinye izinhlobo ezimbili.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesikhumba:

Ngaphezu kwalezi zinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko, kunezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zomdlavuza wesikhumba.

• I-Kaposi sarcoma
• I-carcinoma yeseli le-Merkel
• I-carcinoma ye-sebaceous gland
• I-Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (`I-DermatofibroSarcoma protuberans`)

Uvame kangakanani umdlavuza wesikhumba?

Emazweni afana ne-United States, umdlavuza wesikhumba uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvame kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, cishe umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu uzoba nomdlavuza wesikhumba empilweni yakhe. Nakuba kungekho mininingwane eqondile ngesimo ezweni lethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela lokhu ngenxa yokuchayeka kakhulu elangeni.

Ziyini izimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba?

Isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sesixwayiso somdlavuza wesikhumba ushintsho esikhumbeni sakho. Lokhu kungaba yimvukuzane entsha, ukukhula, noma ushintsho emvukuzaneni noma endaweni ekhona. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu zomdlavuza wesikhumba:

• Kuvela uphawu olusha lokuzalwa. Noma uphawu lokuzalwa olukhona lushintsha ngobukhulu, ukuma, noma umbala, noma ukuphuma kwegazi.
• Into efana nebhamuza elicwebezelayo, elifana nenhlaka ebusweni bakho, ezindlebeni, noma entanyeni.
• Ibala noma iqhubu eliyisicaba, elipinki/elibomvu noma elinsundu.
• Ezinye izindawo zesikhumba zibukeka njengezibazi .
• Amanxeba aqinile , abonakala sengathi acwile, noma aphuma igazi njalo.
• Isilonda esingapholi , noma isilonda esipholayo futhi siphinde sivele.
• Isilonda esiqinile, esinamaqhubu esingase silume, siphume igazi , futhi sibe noqweqwe.

Uma ubona into efana nale, ungayinaki, kulungile?

Umdlavuza wesikhumba ubukeka kanjani? (Umthetho we-ABCDE)

Ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba ubukeka kanjani kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwawo. Kodwa-ke, kunendlela elula yokukhumbula. Ubizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-ABCDE . Lokhu kukutshela ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uziqaphele.

• A – Ukungalingani: Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuma kwe-mole akujwayelekile. Kubonakala sengathi uhlangothi olulodwa alufani nolunye uma lunqunywa phakathi.
• B – Umngcele: Unqenqema lwendawo alucacile, alucacile, futhi alunasimo esijwayelekile.
• C – Umbala: Ukuba khona kwemibala engaphezu kweyodwa ehlukene (isb. onsundu, omnyama, obomvu, omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka) endaweni efanayo.
• D – Ububanzi: Ibala likhulu kunosayizi werabha yepensela (ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ayi-6).
• E – Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo: I-mole ibonisa izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengokukhula, ukushintsha isimo, ukushintsha umbala, noma ukuphakama. Lesi yisibonakaliso esibaluleke kakhulu!

Uma unenkinga mayelana nophawu lokuzalwa, isilonda sesikhumba, noma yini entsha esikhumbeni sakho, bona udokotela ngokushesha. Bazokuhlola isikhumba sakho, futhi uma kudingeka, bakuthumele kudokotela wesikhumba.

Yiziphi izizathu zalesi simo?

Imbangela eyinhloko yomdlavuza wesikhumba ukuchayeka kakhulu elangeni , ikakhulukazi kuze kufike ezingeni lokushiswa yilanga nokuqhakaza. Imisebe ye-ultraviolet (`imisebe ye-UV`) evela elangeni ilimaza i-DNA (`i-DNA`) emaselini ethu esikhumba. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi inqubo evamile yokuhlukaniswa kwamaseli iphazamiseke, futhi amaseli angajwayelekile aqale ukwakheka. Lawa maseli angajwayelekile ahlukana ngokushesha nangokungalawuleki, akha inqwaba yamaseli omdlavuza.

Yiziphi izici eziyingozi zomdlavuza wesikhumba?

Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungathinta noma ubani, kungakhathaliseki uhlanga noma ubulili. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Umdlavuza wesikhumba uvame kakhulu kwabesifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-50, kodwa uvame kakhulu kwabesilisa ngemva kweminyaka engu-50. Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo banamathuba aphindwe ka-30 okuba nawo kunabantu abamnyama noma abozalo lwase-Asia/Pacific Islander. Ngeshwa, umdlavuza wesikhumba kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama uvame ukutholakala usesigabeni esithuthukile. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukwelapha.

Unamathuba amaningi okuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba uma unalezi zinto eziyingozi:

• Uma uchitha isikhathi esiningi elangeni, kungaba semsebenzini noma ekudlaleni, le ngozi iphezulu kulabo abasebenza emasimini ezolimo ezweni lethu, emkhakheni wokwakha, kanye nabafowethu nodadewethu abasebenza eduze kolwandle.
• Uma ushiswa yilanga kalula, noma uke washiswa yilanga esikhathini esidlule.
• Uma uhlala endaweni enelanga noma ephakeme njengezwe lethu.
• Uma isikhumba sishiswe ngombala wokwenziwa (`tan`) noma uma kusetshenziswa imishini esetshenziselwa leyo njongo (`imibhede yokushiswa kombala`).
• Uma unamehlo anombala okhanyayo, izinwele ezimhloshana noma ezibomvu, kanye nesikhumba esimpunga noma esinamabala acwebezelayo.
• Uma unezimpawu zokuzalwa eziningi, noma uma unezimpawu zokuzalwa ezingakhekile ngendlela engavamile.
• Uma unesifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-actinic keratosis (amabala aqinile, anamabala acwebezelayo, apinki amnyama kuya konsundu angaba umdlavuza).
• Uma othile emndenini wakho eke waba nomdlavuza wesikhumba.
• Uma uke wafakelwa isitho somzimba.
• Uma uthatha imithi ebuthakathaka amasosha omzimba.
• Uma uke wathola ukwelashwa kokukhanya kwe-UV kwezifo zesikhumba ezifana ne-eczema noma i-psoriasis.

Ungawuthola kanjani umdlavuza wesikhumba?

Okokuqala, udokotela wesikhumba uzokubuza ukuthi ngabe uke wabona noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinhlungwini zakho ezikhona, izibazi, noma izimila ezintsha. Ngemuva kwalokho, uzohlola isikhumba emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isikhumba sakho sekhanda, izindlebe, izintende zezandla, amathe ezinyawo zakho, phakathi kwezinzwane zakho, izitho zangasese, ngisho naphakathi kwezinqe zakho.

Yiziphi izivivinyo zokuxilonga?

Uma udokotela wakho esola umdlavuza wesikhumba, angenza i-biopsy . I-biopsy ihilela ukuthatha isampula encane yezicubu endaweni esolisayo bese uyithumela elabhorethri. Udokotela wezifo uzoyihlola ngaphansi kwe-microscope ukuze abone ukuthi kukhona yini amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Udokotela wakho wesikhumba uzokutshela ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba, uhlobo luni, nokuthi yiziphi izinketho zakho zokwelapha.

Yiziphi izigaba zomdlavuza wesikhumba?

Izigaba zomdlavuza zikutshela ukuthi umdlavuza ususakazeke kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Izigaba zomdlavuza wesikhumba ziqala ku-0 kuya ku-IV (ezine). Ngokuvamile, uma inani liphezulu, umdlavuza uba mkhulu kakhulu futhi kuba nzima kakhulu ukuwulapha. Kodwa-ke, izigaba zomdlavuza we-melanoma zihlukile kancane ezigabeni zomdlavuza ongeyona i-melanoma, oqala kumaseli ayisisekelo noma amaseli ayisikwele.

Izigaba ze-Melanoma:

• Isigaba 0 (i-melanoma in situ): I-melanoma itholakala kuphela engxenyeni ephezulu yesikhumba.
• Isigaba I: I-Melanoma isengozini encane, ayinabo ubufakazi bokusabalala kwayo, futhi ivame ukuphulukiswa ngokuhlinzwa.
• Isigaba II: Umdlavuza ubonisa izimpawu ezithile zokuthi ungase uphinde uvele, kodwa abukho ubufakazi bokuthi ususakazekile.
• Isigaba III: I-Melanoma isisabalale kuma-lymph node aseduze noma esikhumbeni esiseduze.
• Isigaba IV: I-Melanoma isisabalale kuma-lymph node akude, esikhumbeni, noma ezithweni zangaphakathi.

Izigaba zomdlavuza ongeyona i-melanoma:

• Isigaba 0: Umdlavuza usengqimbeni ephezulu yesikhumba kuphela.
• Isigaba I (1): Umdlavuza usezingqimbeni eziphezulu neziphakathi zesikhumba.
• Isigaba II (2): Umdlavuza usezingqimbeni eziphezulu neziphakathi zesikhumba, futhi usuqalile ukuthinta imizwa noma izingqimba ezijulile zesikhumba.
• Isigaba III (3): Umdlavuza ususakazekele ngale kwesikhumba waya kuma-lymph node.
• Isigaba IV (4): Umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba nezitho zomzimba, njengesibindi, amaphaphu, kanye nobuchopho.

Umdlavuza wesikhumba welashwa kanjani?

Ukwelashwa kuncike esigabeni somdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi, uma umdlavuza umncane kakhulu futhi uvalelwe ebusweni besikhumba, i-biopsy ingasusa zonke izicubu zomdlavuza. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasetshenziswa zodwa noma zihlangene zifaka:

• Ukwelapha nge-cryotherapy:Udokotela wesikhumba usebenzisa i-nitrogen ewuketshezi ukuze aqandise umdlavuza wesikhumba. Kufana nokususa inkwethu. Ngemva kokwelashwa, amangqamuzana afile ayasuswa.
• Ukuhlinzwa kokukhipha isisu: Udokotela wesikhumba uzosika isimila somdlavuza kanye nesikhumba esinempilo esizungezile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza ususiwe ngokuphelele.
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Mohs: Kule nqubo, udokotela wesikhumba ususa izicubu ezigulayo kuphela, ashiye izicubu eziningi ezinempilo ngangokunokwenzeka ezizungezile. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa i-basal cell kanye ne-squamous cell carcinomas ezikhula ezindaweni ezibucayi noma ezibalulekile ekubukeni, njengezinkophe, izindlebe, izindebe, ibunzi, isikhumba sekhanda, iminwe, nezitho zangasese, futhi ngezinye izikhathi neminye imidlavuza yesikhumba.
• Ukwelashwa kwesikhumba kanye nokwelashwa nge-electrodes: Udokotela wesikhumba usebenzisa ithuluzi elibukhali, elinohlangothi oluyindilinga ukuze asuse amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Bese kuba nogesi osetshenziswa ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amangqamuzana omdlavuza asele. Le nqubo ivame ukusetshenziselwa i-basal cell carcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, kanye nezilonda zesikhumba ezingaba umdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali: Udokotela wesikhumba noma udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza usebenzisa imithi ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Uma umdlavuza ukhawulelwe engqimbeni ephezulu yesikhumba, bangakunikeza ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali angaphandle. Uma umdlavuza ususakazekele kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, bangakunikeza amaphilisi noma ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nge-IV (intravenous).
• Ukwelashwa Ngezifo Ezingalawuleki: Udokotela wezifo ezibangelwa umdlavuza ukunika imithi eqeqesha amasosha omzimba wakho ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza.
• Ukwelashwa ngemisebe: Udokotela wezifo zomdlavuza usebenzisa imisebe (imisebe enamandla aphezulu) ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukuwavimba ekukhuleni nasekuhlukaneni kwawo.
• Ukwelashwa nge-Photodynamic: Udokotela wesikhumba usebenzisa umuthi esikhumbeni sakho bese ewusebenzisa ngokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okubomvu okukhanyayo. Lokhu kwelashwa kubulala amangqamuzana angaba nomdlavuza, kodwa akulimazi amangqamuzana avamile.

Yiziphi izinkinga/imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa?

Imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba incike ekutheni udokotela wakho ubona ukuthi yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kuwe. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kungabangela isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, uhudo, kanye nokulahlekelwa izinwele. Eminye imiphumela emibi noma izinkinga zokwelashwa komdlavuza wesikhumba zifaka:

• Ukopha.
• Ubuhlungu nokuvuvukala.
• Izibazi.
• Ukulahlekelwa umuzwa ngenxa yokulimala kwemizwa.
• Izifo zesikhumba.
• Umdlavuza ubuya ngemva kokususwa.

Ingabe umdlavuza wesikhumba ungavinjelwa?

Ezimweni eziningi, yebo! Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungavinjelwa. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuzivikela ukugwema ukuchayeka elangeni kakhulu nokushiswa yilanga.Imisebe ye-ultraviolet (imisebe ye-UV) evela elangeni ilimaza isikhumba sakho, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungaholela kumdlavuza wesikhumba.

Ngingayinciphisa kanjani ingozi yami?

Nazi ezinye izinto ongazenza ukuze uzivikele emdlavuza wesikhumba:

• Sebenzisa isivikelo selanga esine-SPF okungenani engu-30 noma ngaphezulu . Lezo ezibhalwe ukuthi "broad-spectrum" zivikela emisebeni ye-UV-B kanye ne-UV-A. Faka imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokuya ngaphandle. Sebenzisa isivikelo selanga nsuku zonke, ngisho nasezinsukwini ezinamafu kanye nasebusika.
• Gqoka isigqoko esibanzi ukuze uvikele ubuso bakho nezindlebe zakho.
• Gqoka amahembe anemikhono emide namabhulukwe amade ukuze umboze izingalo nemilenze yakho. Ukuze uthole isivikelo esengeziwe, funa izingubo ezinelebula le-ultraviolet protection factor (UPF).
• Gqoka izibuko zelanga ukuze uvikele amehlo akho. Khetha lezo ezivimba imisebe ye-`UV-B` kanye ne-`UV-A`.
• Sebenzisa i-lip balm equkethe i-sunscreen.
• Gwema ilanga ngangokunokwenzeka phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-4 ntambama. Yilapho ilanga linamandla kakhulu khona.
• Ungasebenzisi imibhede yokushisisa isikhumba . Uma ufuna ukubukeka kunombala ophuzi , sebenzisa umkhiqizo wokushisisa isikhumba osebenzisa i-spray-on.
• Buza udokotela wakho noma usokhemisi ukuthi ngabe kukhona yini imithi oyithathayo eyenza isikhumba sakho sizwele kakhulu elangeni. Eminye imithi engenza isikhumba sakho sizwele kakhulu elangeni ihlanganisa ama-antibiotic e-tetracycline kanye ne-fluoroquinolone, ama-antidepressant e-tricyclic (umthombo wokuqala uthi "ama-antibiotic e-tricyclic," kodwa lawa avame ukuba ama-antidepressant), i-griseofulvin e-antifungal, kanye nemithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol ye-statin.
• Hlola isikhumba sakho sonke njalo ukuze ubone ukuthi usayizi, ukuma, noma umbala wamabala esikhumba sakho uyashintsha yini, noma uma kuvela amasha. Ungakhohlwa ukuhlola isikhumba sakho sekhanda, izindlebe, izintende zezandla, amathe, phakathi kweminwe yakho, izitho zangasese, kanye nezinqe. Sebenzisa isibuko, bese uthatha izithombe uma ufuna, ukuze sikusize uqaphele izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko ku-birthmark noma kwenye indawo yesikhumba, bheka udokotela wesikhumba ukuze ahlole umzimba wonke.

Lingakanani izinga lokululama kwabantu abanomdlavuza wesikhumba?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi lomdlavuza wesikhumba lingelapheka ngokuphelele uma lelashwa ngaphambi kokuba lisabalale. Uma umdlavuza usheshe utholakale futhi ususwe, kulapho amathuba akho okululama ngokugcwele eba ngcono khona. Kubalulekile ukuxhumana nodokotela wakho wesikhumba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umdlavuza awubuyi. Uma ubona noma yini engavamile, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha.

Iningi labantu ababulawa umdlavuza wesikhumba libangelwa yi-melanoma. Uma kutholakale ukuthi une-melanoma:

• Uma umdlavuza utholakala ngaphambi kokuba usakazekele kuma-lymph node, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lingu-99%.
• Uma isakazekele kuma-lymph node aseduze, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lingu-66%.
• Uma isakazekele kuma-lymph node akude nakwezinye izitho zomzimba, izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu lingu-27%.

Ungakhathazeki ngalezi zibalo. Ziqokomisa ukubaluleka kokutholakala kwalesi sifo kusenesikhathi.

Kufanele ngimbone nini udokotela?

Uma ubona into efana nale, bheka udokotela noma udokotela wesikhumba ngokushesha okukhulu:

• Noma yiziphi izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho, noma ushintsho ngobukhulu, ukuma, noma umbala wezimpawu zokuzalwa ezikhona noma ezinye izindawo zesikhumba.
• Kuvela iqhubu noma ibala elisha esikhumbeni sakho.
• Isilonda esingapholi.
• Amabala ahlukile kwamanye amabala esikhumbeni sakho.
• Noma yiliphi indawo eshintshayo, elumayo, noma ephuma igazi.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola isikhumba sakho, athathe i-biopsy uma kudingeka, athole isifo, futhi axoxe ngezinketho zokwelapha. Kungumqondo omuhle futhi ukuthi uhlolwe isikhumba ngokuphelele ngudokotela wesikhumba okungenani kanye ngonyaka.

Yimiphi imibuzo okufanele ngiyibuze udokotela wami?

Nazi ezinye imibuzo ongayibuza udokotela wakho wesikhumba:

• Uhlobo luni lomdlavuza wesikhumba enginalo?
• Umdlavuza wesikhumba sami ukusiphi isigaba?
• Hlobo luni lokuhlolwa okuzodingeka ngenze?
• Yikuphi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu komdlavuza wesikhumba sami?
• Yimiphi imiphumela emibi yalokho kwelashwa?
• Yiziphi izinkinga ezingaba khona zalo mdlavuza kanye nokwelashwa kwawo?
• Hlobo luni lomphumela engingalulindela?
• Ingabe ngisengozini yokuthola umdlavuza wesikhumba owengeziwe?
• Kukangaki ngidinga ukuza kokuhlolwa okulandelayo?

Ungesabi ukubuza le mibuzo. Ukuqonda kahle isimo sakho kuzosiza ukwelashwa kwakho kuphumelele.

Umdlavuza wesikhumba usongela kanjani impilo?

Ungase uzibuze ukuthi umdlavuza wesikhumba ebusweni besikhumba ungasongela kanjani impilo. Kungaba nengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ukukhuhla isikhumba esincane esinamangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ukususa indawo ngokuhlinzwa okuncane kungaxazulula inkinga. Eqinisweni, lezi zindlela ziyasebenza uma umdlavuza utholakala kusenesikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, uma umdlavuza wesikhumba ungatholakali kusenesikhathi, lokho ocabanga ukuthi “kusesikhumbeni sami kuphela” kungakhula futhi kusakazeke ngale kwaleyo ndawo. Amangqamuzana omdlavuza angaqhekeka futhi ahambe ngegazi lakho noma ohlelweni lwe-lymph. Angahamba aye kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, ahlale lapho, futhi aqale ukukhula njengezimila ezintsha. Lokhu kunyakaza nokusabalala kubizwa ngokuthi i-metastasis .

Uhlobo lweseli lomdlavuza lapho umdlavuza waqala khona – olubizwa ngokuthi ‘umdlavuza oyinhloko’ – lunquma uhlobo lomdlavuza. Isibonelo, uma i-melanoma ebulalayo isakazekela emaphashini akho, lowo mdlavuza ubizwa ngokuthi i-melanoma ebulalayo. Yileyo ndlela umdlavuza osesikhumbeni ongaba yingozi ngayo.

Kungani abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama beba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ezindaweni ezingashiswanga yilanga?

Ososayensi abakaqondi ngokugcwele ukuthi kungani abantu abanesikhumba esimnyama beba nomdlavuza wesikhumba ezindaweni ezingavezwanga elangeni, njengezintende zezandla nezinyawo zabo. Bacabanga ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi banamathuba amancane okuvezwa elangeni. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi abavikelekile elangeni. Odokotela besikhumba babona i-melanoma kanye ne-squamous cell carcinoma eningi, ebangelwa ukukhanya kwelanga kwe-ultraviolet (UV), kubantu abanesikhumba esisukela esikhumbeni esimhlophe kuya kwesesimnyama.

Ingabe zonke izimpawu zokuzalwa zinomdlavuza?

Cha, izimpaphe eziningi zokuzalwa aziwona umdlavuza. Ezinye izimpaphe zokuzalwa zikhona lapho sizalwa. Ezinye zingase zingaveli size sibe neminyaka engaba ngu-40 ubudala. Umuntu omdala uvame ukuba nezimpaphe zokuzalwa eziphakathi kwe-10 ne-40.

Akuvamile kakhulu ukuthi i-mole iphenduke i-melanoma. Kodwa-ke, uma une-moles engaphezu kuka-50, usengozini enkulu yokuba ne-melanoma.

Umdlavuza wesikhumba ungenzeka kunoma ubani. Kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane, engenangozi, kodwa akunjalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi wonke umuntu azihlole njalo isikhumba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu uma usengozini enkulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba.

Okokugcina, izinto okufanele uzikhumbule

Isikhumba sakho siyisitho esikhulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni wakho. Sifanelwe ukunakwa okufanayo okunikeza kunoma iyiphi enye inkinga yezempilo. Hlola isikhumba sakho okungenani kanye ngenyanga ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini izinguquko esikhumbeni sakho noma ukuthi kukhona yini okusha okuvele. Thatha izinyathelo zokuvikela isikhumba sakho elangeni. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuhlolwa isikhumba sakho ngudokotela wesikhumba njalo.

Uma utholakala kusenesikhathi, umdlavuza wesikhumba uyisifo esingelapheka kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, qaphela isikhumba sakho. Uma unenkinga, ungesabi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho!

Umdlavuza wesikhumba , i-melanoma, ukukhanya kwelanga, imisebe ye-UV, amabala esikhumba, izimpawu zokuzalwa, izimpawu zomdlavuza