Wake wacabanga ngalesi sitho esincane, kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu, inhliziyo ? Sifana nenjini encane emzimbeni wethu, esilingana nesandla sakho. Sisebenza ngokungayeki usuku lonke, ngisho nalapho silele. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi sitho esimangalisayo, ukuthi sisebenza kanjani, izifo ezihambisana naso nokuthi yini esingayenza ukuze sisigcine siphilile.
Kuyini ukubhema?
Kalula nje, ukubhema kuyisenzo sokusonga isitshalo, ngokuvamile ugwayi, eqabungeni (esilibiza ngokuthi ugwayi), ukukhanyisa uhlangothi olulodwa lwaso, ukudonsa intuthu emlonyeni wakho kusuka kolunye uhlangothi, bese uyikhipha. Uma uphefumula le ntuthu, ihamba iye phansi endleleni yakho yokuphefumula , iye emaphashini akho, bese isuka lapho iye egazini lakho, lapho iya khona ebuchosheni bakho nakuzo zonke ezinye izitho zakho zomzimba.
Nakuba sizokhuluma kakhulu ngogwayi kagwayi kulesi sihloko, abantu basebenzisa nezinto ezifana nogwayi, amapayipi, insangu (insangu/ukhula/imbiza), noma ugwayi owenziwe ngamakhambi athile.
Yini ekugwayi?
Izithako eziyinhloko kusikilidi esivamile esisithenga esitolo yilezi:
- Izingxenye zezitshalo: Uma kukhulunywa ngogwayi , lokhu kungamacembe omisiwe, anongiwe kanye nezingxenye zesiqu sesitshalo sikagwayi (`Nicotiana tabacum`).
- Isimbozo sephepha esigoqekayo: Leli yiphepha lapho izingxenye zesitshalo zigoqwa khona.
- Isihlungi/isinqe sikagwayi: Uma uphefumula, lesi sihlungi sivimba ezinye zezingcezu ezinkulu zikagwayi ovuthayo ukuthi zingangeni emlonyeni wakho. Kodwa intuthu idlula kuso.
Kungani abantu bephendukela ekubhemeni?
Empeleni abantu bayabhema ngoba becabanga ukuthi kuzobanika injabulo nokuzijabulisa. Futhi, uma sebeqalile, kunzima ukuyeka, yize bazi ukuthi kulimaza kangakanani umzimba. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu ukulangazelela okukhulu i-nicotine ebuchosheni bethu.Uma ungayitholi i-nicotine, uzizwa ungakhululekile futhi uphatheke kabi.
Uma i-nicotine ifika ebuchosheni, ikhipha amakhemikhali akwenza uzizwe kahle. Uma ubhema, ungase uzizwe:
- Umuzwa wokukhanya nokuzola.
- Ukukhuthaza kanye nokuphefumulela.
- Naka kakhulu okuthile.
Ukubhema kuyisenzo sokuxhumana nabantu kwabanye, ingxenye yendlela yabo yansuku zonke, njengokuphuza ikhofi ekuseni. Ungabhema ukuze ujabule, ukuze uzole ngaphambi kokuya emphakathini, noma ukukusiza ugxile emsebenzini. Abanye abantu bayayithanda indlela ozizwa ngayo, noma abanye bayayithanda indlela ozizwa ngayo ngogwayi esandleni sabo.
Ukubhema kwenzani emzimbeni wakho?
Ukubhema kuthinta yonke into kusukela ekubukekeni kwesikhumba sakho nezinzipho kuya endleleni izicubu zakho, izitho zomzimba, kanye ne-DNA yakho esebenza ngayo ekugcineni . Imiphumela yokubhema emzimbeni wakho iqala ngesikhathi ubhema ugwayi. Izinkulungwane zamakhemikhali akhishwa ugwayi oshisayo ziqala uhambo lwazo oluyingozi ngaphambi kokuthi uphefuze ngisho nakanye.
Uma uvula ugwayi bese uwufaka emlonyeni wakho...
Uma ubhema ugwayi, ukushisa kukhipha i-nicotine, kanye ne-tar, insalela kagwayi . Uma ubeka ugwayi ezindebeni zakho, le tar ingcolisa izinzipho zakho. Intuthu yomisa isikhumba sakho, ibangele ukuthi sivuvuke, okuholela emibimbi ejulile . Uma uphefumula intuthu ngekhala lakho, yonakalisa iziphetho zemizwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kunganciphisa umuzwa wakho wokuhogela .
Uma uphefumula intuthu kagwayi...
Uma uphefumula ugwayi kancane, intuthu idlula esihlungini. Lokhu kuvimbela iningi lezinhlayiya ezinkulu ukuthi zingangeni, kodwa i-tar, i-nicotine, namanye amakhemikhali asangena. I-tar ingcolisa amazinyo akho, imboze izinsini zakho, futhi imboze ulimi lwakho . Ilimaza i-enamel yamazinyo akho, ikwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokubola kwamazinyo nesifo sezinsini , futhi inciphisa ikhono lakho lokunambitha ukudla okuthandayo.
Uma intuthu idlula emigwaqweni yakho yomoya...
Njengoba intuthu ingena emaphashini akho, i-tar imboza umphimbo wakho kanye nemisipha yezwi. Lokhu kungabangela ukukhwehlela.Njengoba zidlula emigudwini yakho yomoya, i-tar kanye ne-hydrogen cyanide (igesi enobuthi) kuvimbela izinwele ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-cilia . Njengezinsika zomshanelo, lezi zi-cilia zinesibopho sokubamba amagciwane nezinye izinhlayiya eziyingozi bese ziwakhipha emaphashini akho. Uma lezi zonakele, unamathuba amaningi okuthola izifo zokuphefumula .
Uma intuthu ingena emaphashini futhi ixubana negazi...
Uma intuthu ingena emaphashini akho, ilimaza ama-air sac amancane (alveoli) emaphashini akho. Lokhu kungaholela esimweni esibizwa ngokuthi i-emphysema , okuwuhlobo lwesifo samaphaphu esibizwa ngokuthi i-COPD (isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona). Kuma-air sac akho (alveoli), i-carbon monoxide evela entuthwini ingena egazini lakho . Isusa umoya-mpilo emaseli akho abomvu egazi, incishe amaseli nezicubu zakho umoya-mpilo. Lokhu kuntuleka komoya-mpilo kungakwenza uzizwe uphelelwa umoya . Amaseli akho atshela umzimba wakho ukuthi uthole umoya-mpilo owengeziwe, kodwa lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala kanye nokwakheka kwamafinyila, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
Njengoba ihamba emithanjeni yakho yegazi, i-nicotine ilimaza ulwelwesi lwemithambo yakho yegazi. Lokhu kubangela ukuba iqine futhi inciphe , futhi amangqamuzana egazi anamathele kuyo. Lokhu kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuqhekeka kwegazi, ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo, kanye nohlangothi . Kwabesilisa, ukwehla kwegazi kungabangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-erectile .
Uma amakhemikhali ehamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi...
Uma amakhemikhali asentuthwini kagwayi engena egazini lakho, ahamba emzimbeni wakho wonke. Lokhu kungalimaza lezi zingxenye zomzimba wakho:
- Amathambo: I-Nicotine inciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-calcium kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaseli akha amathambo. Lokhu kwenza amathambo akho abe mancane futhi abe buthakathaka kakhudlwana .
- Amehlo: Amakhemikhali akugwayi kanye nokuntuleka komoya-mpilo kulimaza amehlo akho. Lokhu kungaholela ekulimaleni kwe-cataract, ukuwohloka kwe-macular, ngisho nokulahlekelwa umbono .
- Isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela : Ukubhema kubangela ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo, okwenza amasosha omzimba wakho abe buthaka. Lokhu kukwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokugula futhi kungaholela ngisho nasezifweni zokuzivikela komzimba .
- Ama-hormone:I-Nicotine ingabangela izinguquko zamahomoni, ezingathinta ukuzala kwakho .
- I-DNA: Izinto ezifana ne-arsenic, i-nickel, kanye ne-polonium enemisebe zingalimaza i-DNA yakho, futhi zivimbele izinto umzimba wakho ozisebenzisayo ukuyilungisa. Umonakalo we-DNA ungaholela kumdlavuza futhi ungabangela izinkinga zokuzala ngokulimaza isidoda .
Uma i-nicotine ifika ebuchosheni...
I-Nicotine ihamba ngqo isuka egazini iye ebuchosheni bakho. Lapho, ivuselela ama-receptor athile ebuchosheni , ikhiphe amakhemikhali 'azizwa kahle' njenge-dopamine, i-adrenaline, ama-endorphin, kanye ne-serotonin. Yilapho 'i-buzz' ye-nicotine ingena khona. Ifana ne-nicotine patch ekwenza uzizwe ukhululekile, ujabule, noma uqabulekile. Uthatha lokho kuphafuza kokuqala futhi kuyindaba yemizuzwana nje.
Uma uthola imali ekhishwayo...
Isibindi sakho sicubungula i-nicotine, futhi phakathi namahora ambalwa ngemva kokubhema ugwayi, uyayikhipha emchameni wakho. Umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa yilowo 'msindo' futhi ufune owengeziwe, okukukhuthaza ukuthi ubheme omunye. Uma ungabhemi, uzothola izimpawu zokuhoxa, njengokungahlaliseki, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukucasuka, intukuthelo, nokungalali . Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umzimba wakho uyajwayela i-nicotine ('ukubekezelela'), futhi udinga i-nicotine eyengeziwe ukuze uzizwe kahle. Lokhu kuholela ekuthembeleni kwi-nicotine .
Uma ukhulelwe, lokhu kungathinta nomntwana osanda kuzalwa...
Ukuncishiswa kwemithambo yegazi ku-placenta kanye ne-umbilical cord kunciphisa inani legazi elifinyelela kumbungu . Igazi elidlula ku-placenta liqukethe i-carbon monoxide, i-nicotine, namanye amakhemikhali ayingozi. Lokhu kungaphuca umbungu umoya-mpilo futhi kulimaze i-DNA yawo . Abesifazane ababhema ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa banamathuba amaningi okuphuphuma kwezisu . Izingane ezizalwa ngabantu ababhemayo zingaba nesisindo esiphansi, izinkinga zenhliziyo namaphaphu, kanye nokubambezeleka kokukhula .
Iyini imiphumela yokubhema empilweni?
Nakuba abantu abaningi behlobanisa ukubhema nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuphela, ukubhema nakho kungabangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu.Izimo eziningi zempilo ezithinta cishe zonke izingxenye zomzimba zingavela noma zandise ingozi yazo.
Ukubhema kwandisa ingozi yesifo samaphaphu, isifo senhliziyo, isifo samehlo, isifo sikashukela, isifo samathambo esibizwa ngokuthi i-rheumatoid arthritis, ukungasebenzi kahle kocansi, kanye nezinhlobo eziningana zomdlavuza.
Ingabe amaphaphu ayalulama ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema?
Yebo, amaphaphu akho kanye nemigudu yomoya ingaqala ukuphola ngezinga elithile uma uyeka ukubhema. Phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuyeka, ukuvuvukala kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-mucus kuzoncipha, futhi phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa, i-cilia izophinde ikhule. Eqinisweni, izinhlelo eziningi emzimbeni wakho zizoqala ukuphola ngemva kokuyeka ukubhema. Umonakalo othile ungase ungaphinde ulungiswe ngokuphelele (njenge-COPD), kodwa ingozi yakho yezifo eziningi izoncipha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngingayeka kanjani ukubhema?
Kunezindlela eziningi zokukusiza ukuthi uyeke ukubhema. Kungase kudingeke uzame izindlela ezimbalwa ezahlukene ukuze uthole leyo ekusebenzelayo.
| Indlela yokumisa | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuma ngokuzumayo (`I-cold turkey`) | Ukuyeka ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kosizo. Lokhu kungaba nzima ngenxa yezimpawu zokuhoxa. |
| Ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni se-nicotine (NRT) | Ukunxanela i-nicotine kulawulwa ngokuhlafuna itshungama, ama-patches, kanye nama-lozenges. |
| Imithi ebhalwe ngudokotela | Imithi efana ne-bupropion noma i-varenicline ingasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu zokuhoxa. |
| Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila | Ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukushintsha imikhuba, kanye nokwelulekwa kungasiza ekuqedeni imikhuba. |
Ekugcineni, kufanele ngithi...
Ngaphezu kwezindlela ezikusiza ukuthi uyeke ukubhema, kungaba usizo futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi uzozizwa ungcono kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi . Uzokwazi ukubuyela ekwenzeni izinto owawuzijabulela, ujabulele ukunambitheka nephunga lokudla futhi, uvikele impilo yabathandekayo bakho, futhi mhlawumbe wonge imali. Cela abangani bakho, umndeni, nodokotela ukuthi bakusekele - batshele ngoshintsho olwenzayo nokuthi bangakusiza kanjani. Khumbula, akudingeki udlule kulolu hambo wedwa.
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